Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30217 *** UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396 December 19, 1958 Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México BY J. KNOX JONES, JR. UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE 1958 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, Robert W. Wilson Volume 9, No. 14, pp. 389-396 Published December 19, 1958 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS Lawrence, Kansas PRINTED IN THE STATE PRINTING PLANT TOPEKA, KANSAS 1958 27-5516 Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México BY J. KNOX JONES, JR. Some of the Pleistocene mammals from San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, Nuevo León, México, collected by field parties of the California Institute of Technology under the direction of the late Professor Chester Stock, have been reported previously (see Furlong, 1943; Cushing, 1945; Stock, 1950; Hooper, 1952; Findley, 1953; Stock, 1953; Handley, 1955; Jackway, 1958). In 1950, Professor Stock loaned a portion of the San Josecito material to the University of Kansas for identification. Included therein were 89 crania and rami of bats, representing three families (Phyllostomidae, Desmodontidae and Vespertilionidae) and five genera, each represented by a single species. One of the species is here described as new. Three of the kinds are known only from the Pleistocene and two are Recent species. The only previous mention of fossil bats from México known to me concerns material from San Josecito Cave. Cushing (1945:182) mentioned a "vampire bat" from the cave (see also Maldonado-Koerdell, 1948:17), and Handley (1955:48) based his description of _Corynorhinus tetralophodon_ on a specimen from San Josecito. Brief descriptions of the cave have been published by Miller (1943) and Stock (1943). The precise age of the deposits is unknown; stratification data did not accompany the material sent on loan to the University of Kansas. However, most of the micro-fauna is thought to have come from the higher levels in the cave and is probably late Pleistocene. The San Josecito Cave collections are currently the property of the Los Angeles County Museum. I am grateful to Dr. E. Raymond Hall for permission to study the bats from San Josecito Cave, to Dr. Robert W. Wilson for criticism of the manuscript, and to Mr. Philip Hershkovitz for permission to use comparative material at the Chicago Natural History Museum. Lucy Rempel made the drawings from photographs by John M. Legler. _Leptonycteris nivalis_ (Saussure) _Referred material._--Seventy crania, LACM (CIT) 2951-54, 2956-64, 3114-22, 3124-25, 3127, 3131-35, 3137-41, 3143-55, 3942, 21 unnumbered, of which 35 are nearly complete, lacking zygomatic arches, auditory bullae and some teeth; three rami, one right, LACM (CIT) 3126, and two left, unnumbered. _Remarks._--The long-nosed bats from San Josecito Cave do not differ appreciably from _Leptonycteris nivalis longala_ Stains, the largest Recent subspecies of the species, and the subspecies that occurs in the same geographic area today. Average and extremes of three cranial measurements of 22 specimens from San Josecito Cave, followed in parentheses by the average and extreme measurements of 23 adult _L. n. longala_ from the type locality, 12 mi. S and 2 mi. E Arteaga, 7500 ft., Coahuila (after Stains, 1957: 356), are: Greatest length of skull, 28.2, 27.2-28.9 (27.5, 26.1-29.0); least interorbital constriction, 5.0, 4.8-5.4 (4.8, 4.1-5.4); breadth of braincase, 11.1, 10.6-11.6 (10.7, 10.1-11.2). The San Josecito specimens average larger than the series of Recent specimens in all of these measurements, especially breadth of braincase, but there is considerable overlap in each case and the extremes of greatest length of skull and of least interorbital constriction do not exceed the extremes in the Recent series. _Desmodus stocki_, new species _Holotype._--Cranium, lacking post-incisor dentition on the left side, zygomatic arches and auditory bullae; Los Angeles County Museum (CIT) No. 3129; from Pleistocene deposits of San Josecito Cave, near Aramberri, Nuevo León, México. _Referred material._--Twelve additional partial crania, LACM (CIT) 2946-50, 3127-30, 3940-41, 2 unnumbered. _Diagnosis._--Resembling the Recent _Desmodus rotundus_ but differing from it as follows: Skull larger (see measurements and Figs. 1-2), heavier and more massive; rostrum and braincase relatively as well as actually broader, interorbital region relatively more constricted; braincase more rounded (less elongate) as viewed from above; nasals less concave in lateral view; narial vacuity broader in relation to greatest length of skull, more nearly heart-shaped; palate broad, less concave medially; mesopterygoid fossa relatively and actually broader anteriorly, the sides nearly parallel; zygomatic arches (judging from No. 2950, the only specimen with a complete arch, the left) less rounded in outline, appearing broader owing to the more constricted interorbital region. Dentition larger and heavier than that in _rotundus_, but otherwise differing only slightly from it; upper incisor less concave on cutting surface (see Figs. 3-4); premolar and molar slightly less bladelike, with heavier roots. The peculiar shape of the incisor of _stocki_ is shared to some extent with Diaemus youngi, a Recent South American desmodontid. However, _stocki_ does not otherwise resemble _D. youngi_, differing from it as follows: Skull larger and heavier; interorbital constriction much narrower; zygomatic arches less strongly bowed; skull less compact, more elongate; braincase and rostrum relatively much narrower in relation to greatest length of skull. Furthermore, specimens of stocki show no trace of the minute M2 attributed to _youngi_ by de la Torre (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69: 191, 1956). For cranial measurements of _youngi_ see Sanborn (Jour. Mamm., 30: 283, 1949). [Illustration: FIGS. 1-4. Fig. 1. Dorsal view of holotype of _Desmodus stocki_, × 1-1/2. Fig. 2. Dorsal view of _Desmodus rotundus murinus_, male, KU 54969, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas, × 1-1/2. Fig. 3. Lateral view of left upper incisor of _D. stocki_, LACM (CIT) 2950, × 2-1/2. Fig. 4. Lateral view of left upper incisor of _D. r. murinus_, female, KU 54967, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas, × 2-1/2.] _Remarks._--The essential differences between _D. stocki_ and _D. rotundus_ are in size and proportion. I do not doubt that the two species are closely related; possibly _stocki_ is ancestral to _rotundus_. The species is named in honor of the late Professor Chester Stock, under whose direction the fossil materials from San Josecito Cave were obtained, and who, at the time of his death, was studying the mammalian fauna from the cave. _Eptesicus cf. grandis_ (Brown) _Referred material._--One rostrum, with P4-M3 on the right side and P4 only on the left, LACM (CIT) 2990. _Remarks._--This specimen is referred provisionally to _E. grandis_. The dentition is larger and heavier, and the ridges and depressions on the dorsal surface of the rostrum are more pronounced than in Recent _E. fuscus_. The P4-M3 length is 6.1 (approximately 6.1 in the holotype of _grandis_, less in _fuscus_); least interorbital constriction, 4.2 (4.3 in the holotype of _grandis_, more in _fuscus_); breadth of rostrum between infraorbital canals, 6.4; breadth across P4, 7.3. TABLE 1.--Cranial measurements of two species of _Desmodus_. ---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------- Catalogue number | G o | C l | Z b | B b | L c | B f or number of | r f | o e | y r | r r | e o | r o specimens averaged | e | n n | g e | e a | a n | e r | a s | d g | o a | a i | s s | a a | t k | y t | m d | d n | t t | d m | e u | l h | a t | t c | r | t e | s l | o | t h | h a | i i | h n | t l | b | i | s | n c | | | a | c | o e | t t | o m | l | s | | f | e i | f a | e | a | | | r o | g | n | l | | | o n | n | g | | | | r | u | t | | | | b | m | h | | | | i | | | | | | t | | | | | | a | | | | | | l | ---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------- _Desmodus rotundus murinus_, La Mula, 13 mi. N Jaumave, Tamaulipas 10 (3 male, Ave. | 24.3 | 21.4 | 12.0 | 12.1 | 5.5 | 5.2 7 female) Max. | 24.9 | 22.0 | 12.5 | 12.5 | 5.6 | 5.3 Min. | 23.9 | 21.0 | 11.7 | 11.9 | 5.3 | 5.1 _Desmodus stocki_, San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León 2946 | 27.3 | 24.5 | | 14.2 | 6.1 | 5.8 2947 | | | | 13.6 | | 5.7 2948 | | 24.3 | | 13.9 | 6.2 | 5.3 2949 | | 24.7 | | 13.9 | 6.1 | 5.5 2950 | | | 14.1 | 13.5 | | 5.7 3127 | | | | 13.5 | 6.0 | 5.7 3128 | 26.5 | | | 13.5 | 6.2 | 5.5 3129 (type) | 28.2 | 24.5 | | 13.7 | 5.9 | 5.7 3940 | 27.4 | 24.4 | | 13.8 | 6.2 | 3941 | | 24.6 | 14.0 | 13.7 | 6.0 | 5.6 ---------------------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------+-------- Brown (1908:174) originally named _grandis_ as a subspecies of _fuscus_. Gidley and Gazin (1938:11) considered it a distinct species. Whether _grandis_ is only a subspecies of _E. fuscus_ or a separate species, _grandis_ is closely related to _fuscus_, and probably is ancestral to it. _Lasiurus cinereus_ (Palisot de Beauvois) _Referred material_.--One cranium, lacking basioccipital, tympanic and mastoid regions, and most of the dentition, having only M3 on the right side and M2-M3 on the left, LACM (CIT) 3160. _Remarks._--The cranium of No. 3160 is inseparable from those of 10 spring-taken specimens of _L. c. cinereus_ from the San Gabriel Mts., Los Angeles Co., California (KU 49727, 49729-37). Measurements of No. 3160, followed by the average and extremes (in parentheses) of the Californian series, are: Condylobasal length, 16.1, 16.5 (15.9-17.2); zygomatic breadth, 12.3, 12.4 (12.0-12.7); least interorbital constriction, 5.2, 5.4 (5.2-5.6); breadth of braincase, 8.7, 9.0 (8.5-9.3); length of palate not including terminal spine, 5.1, 5.3 (4.8-5.9). The teeth of the San Josecito specimen are comparatively unworn. A label with the skull bears the notation "talus" in parentheses, which, in so far as I am able to determine, indicates surface talus inside the cave. Therefore, the specimen in question may be of Recent origin. It is perhaps worthy of note that Lasiurus cinereus is primarily a tree-dwelling bat, although a few Recent specimens have been reported from caves (see Beer, 1954:116). _Corynorhinus tetralophodon_ Handley A single cranium of a _Corynorhinus_ LACM (CIT) 2989 was included in the original materials sent to Kansas by Professor Stock. Subsequently, this specimen was loaned to Charles O. Handley, Jr., who described it as a new species, _C. tetralophodon_. The latter is said to differ from all other plecotine bats by the retention of a well-developed fourth commissure (ridge extending posteroexternally from metacone) on the M3 (Handley, 1955:48). LITERATURE CITED BEER, J. R. 1954. A record of the hoary bat from a cave. Jour. Mamm., 35:116, February 10. BROWN, B. 1908. The Conard Fissure, a Pleistocene bone deposit in northern Arkansas: with description of two new genera and twenty new species and subspecies of mammals. Mem. Amer. Mus. Nat., 9:155-208, pls. 14-25. CUSHING, J. E., JR. 1945. Quaternary rodents and lagomorphs of San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 26:182-185, July 19. FINDLEY, J. S. 1953. Pleistocene Soricidae from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:633-639, December 1. FURLONG, E. L. 1943. The Pleistocene antelope, Stockoceros conklingi, from San Josecito Cave, Mexico. Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ., 551:1-8, 5 pls., February 3. GIDLEY, J. W., and GAZIN, C. L. 1938. The Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from Cumberland Cave, Maryland. Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 171:vi + 99, 50 figs., 10 pls. HANDLEY, C. O., JR. 1955. _A new Pleistocene bat_ (Corynorhinus) _from Mexico_. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 45:48-49, March 14. HOOPER, E. T. 1952. A systematic review of the harvest mice (genus _Reithrodontomys_) of Latin America. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:1-255, 9 pls., 24 figs., 12 maps, January 16. MALDONADO-KOERDELL, M. 1948. Los vertebrados fosiles del Cuaternario en México. Revista Soc. Mexicana Hist. Nat., 9:1-35, June. JACKWAY, G. E. 1958. Pleistocene Lagomorpha and Rodentia from the San Josecito Cave, Nuevo León, México. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 61: in press. MILLER, L. 1943. The Pleistocene birds of San Josecito Cavern, Mexico. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 47:143-168, April 20. STAINS, H. J. 1957. A new bat (genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:353-356, January 21. STOCK, C. 1943. The cave of San Josecito, Mexico. New discoveries of vertebrate life of the ice age. Eng. Sci. Monthly, California Inst. Tech., Balch Grad. School Geol. Sci. Contrib., 361:1-5, September. 1950. Bears from the Pleistocene cave of San Josecito, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 40:317-321, 1 fig., October 23. 1953. El caballo pleistocenico (_Equus conversidens leoni_, subsp. nov.) de la cueva de San Josecito, Aramberra, Nuevo Leon. Mem. Congr. Cient. Mex., 3:170-171. _Transmitted August 18, 1958._ 27-5516 * * * * * Transcriber's Note: Replaced the two occurrences of male and female symbols with the words "male" and "female". End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Pleistocene Bats from San Josecito Cave, Nuevo Leon, Mexico, by J. Knox Jones, Jr. *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30217 ***