The Story of Genesis and Exodus: An Early English Song, about 1250 A.D.

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 50685 *** The Story of Genesis and Exodus, AN EARLY ENGLISH SONG, ABOUT A.D. 1250. EDITED FROM A UNIQUE MS. IN THE LIBRARY OF CORPUS CHRISTI COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, WITH INTRODUCTION, NOTES, AND GLOSSARY, BY THE REV. RICHARD MORRIS, LL.D., AUTHOR OF "HISTORICAL OUTLINES OF ENGLISH ACCIDENCE;" EDITOR OF "HAMPOLE'S PRICKS OF CONSCIENCE;" "EARLY ENGLISH ALLITERATIVE POEMS," ETC. ETC.; ONE OF THE VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE PHILOLOGICAL SOCIETY. [Second and Revised Edition, 1873.] LONDON: PUBLISHED FOR THE EARLY ENGLISH TEXT SOCIETY, BY N. TRÜBNER & CO., 57 & 59, LUDGATE HILL. MDCCCLXV. PREFACE. DESCRIPTION OF THE MANUSCRIPT, ETC. The Editor of the present valuable and interesting record of our old English speech will, no doubt, both astonish and alarm his readers by informing them that he has never seen the manuscript from which the work he professes to edit has been transcribed. But, while the truth must be told, the reader need not entertain the slightest doubt or distrust as to the accuracy and faithfulness of the present edition; for, in the first place, the text was copied by Mr F. J. Furnivall, an experienced editor and a zealous lover of Old English lore; and, secondly, the proof sheets have been most carefully read with the manuscript by the Rev. W. W. Skeat, who has spared no pains to render the text an accurate copy of the original.[1] I have not been satisfied with merely the general accuracy of the text, but all _doubtful_ or _difficult_ passages have been most carefully referred to, and compared with the manuscript, so that the more questionable a word may appear, either as regards its _form_ or _meaning_, the more may the reader rest assured of its correctness, so that he may be under no apprehension that he is perplexed by any typographical error, but feel confident that he is dealing with the reading of the original copy. The editorial portion of the present work includes the punctuation, marginal analysis, conjectural readings, a somewhat large body of annotations on the text of the poem, and a Glossarial Index, which, it is hoped, will be found to be complete, as well as useful for reference. The Corpus manuscript[2] is a small volume (about 8 in. × 4½ in.), bound in vellum, written on parchment in a hand of about 1300 A.D., with several final long ſ's, and consisting of eighty-one leaves. Genesis ends on fol. 49_b_; Exodus has the last two lines at the top of fol. 81_a_. The writing is clear and regular; the letters are large, but the words are often very close together. Every initial letter has a little dab of red on it, and they are mostly capitals, except the _b_, the _f_, the _ð_, and sometimes other letters. Very rarely, however, _B_, _F_, and _Ð_ are found as initial letters. The illuminated letters are simply large vermilion letters without ornament, and are of an earlier form than the writing of the rest of the manuscript. Every line ends with a full stop (or metrical point), except, very rarely, when omitted by accident. Whenever this stop occurs in the middle of a line it has been marked thus (.) in the text. DESCRIPTION OF THE POEM. Our author, of whom, unfortunately, we know nothing, introduces his subject to his readers by telling them that they ought to love a rhyming story which teaches the "layman" (though he be learned in no books) how to love and serve God, and to live peaceably and amicably with his fellow Christians. His poem, or "song," as he calls it, is, he says, turned out of Latin into English speech; and as birds are joyful to see the dawning, so ought Christians to rejoice to hear the "true tale" of man's fall and subsequent redemption related in the vulgar tongue ("land's speech"), and in easy language ("small words"). So eschewing a "high style" and all profane subjects, he declares that he will undertake to sing no other song, although his present task should prove unsuccessful.[3] Our poet next invokes the aid of the Deity for his song in the following terms:— "Fader god of alle ðhinge, Almigtin louerd, hegeſt kinge, ðu giue me ſeli timinge To thaunen ðis werdes biginninge, ðe, leuerd god, to wurðinge, Queðer ſo hic rede or ſinge!"[4] Then follows the Bible narrative of Genesis and Exodus, here and there varied by the introduction of a few of those sacred legends so common in the mediæval ages, but in the use of which, however, our author is far less bold than many subsequent writers, who, seeking to make their works attractive to the "lewed," did not scruple to mix up with the sacred history the most absurd and childish stories, which must have rendered such compilations more amusing than instructive. It seems to have been the object of the author of the present work to present to his readers, in as few words as possible, the most important facts contained in the Books of Genesis and Exodus without any elaboration or comment, and he has, therefore, omitted such facts as were not essentially necessary to the completeness of his narrative;[5] while, on the other hand, he has included certain portions of the Books of Numbers and Deuteronomy,[6] so as to present to his readers a complete history of the wanderings of the Israelites, and the life of Moses their leader. In order to excite the reader's curiosity, we subjoin a few passages, with a literal translation:— LAMECH'S BIGAMY. Lamech is at ðe sexte kne, ðe ſeuende man after adam, ðat of caymes kinde cam. ðiſ lamech waſ ðe firme man, ðe bigamie firſt bi-gan. Bigamie is unkinde ðing, On engleis tale, twie-wifing; for ai was rigt and kire bi-forn, On man, on wif, til he was boren. Lamech him two wifes nam, On adda, an noðer wif ſellam. Adda bar him ſune Iobal, He was hirde wittere and wal; Of merke, and kinde, and helde, & ble, ſundring and ſameni[n]g tagte he; Iobal iſ broðer ſong and glew, Wit of muſike, wel he knew; On two tableſ of tigel and braſ wrot he ðat wiſtom, wiſ he was, ðat it ne ſulde ben undon If fier or water come ðor-on. Sella wuneð oc lamech wið, ghe bar tubal, a ſellic ſmið; Of irin, of golde, ſiluer, and bras To ſundren and mengen wiſ he was; Wopen of wigte and tol of grið, Wel cuðe egte and ſafgte wið. Lamech is at the sixth degree, The seventh man after Adam, That of Cain's kin came. This Lamech was the first man Who bigamy first began. Bigamy is unnatural thing, In English speech, twi-wiving; For aye was right and purity before, One man, one wife, till he was born. Lamech to him two wives took, One Adah, another wife Zillah. Adah bare him a son Jubal, He was a [shep-]herd wise and able; Of mark,[7] breed, age, and colour, Separating and assembling taught he; Jubal his brother poetry and music, Craft of music, well he knew; On two tables of tile and brass, Wrote he that wisdom, wise he was, That it should not be effaced If fire or water came thereon. Zillah dwelleth also Lamech with, She bare Tubal, a wonderful smith; Of iron, of gold, silver and brass To separate and mix, wise he was; Weapon of war and tool of peace, Well could he hurt and heal with. —(ll. 444-470.) DEATH OF CAIN. Lamech ledde long lif til ðan ðat he wurð biſne, and haued a man ðat ledde him ofte wudeſ ner, To scheten after ðe wilde der; Al-so he miſtagte, alſo he ſchet, And caim in ðe wude iſ let; His knape wende it were a der, An lamech droge iſ arwe ner, And letet flegen of ðe ſtreng, Caim unwar[_n_]de it under-feng, Gruſnede, and ſtrekede, and ſtarf wið-ðan. Lamech wið wreðe iſ knape nam, Vn-bente iſ boge, and bet, and slog, Til he fel dun on dedeſ ſwog. Twin-wifing and twin-manſlagt, Of his ſoule beð mikel hagt. Lamech led long life till then That he became blind and had a man That led him oft to woods near, To shoot after the wild deer (animals); As he mistaught, so he shot, And Cain in the wood is let; His knave (servant) weened it were a deer, And Lamech drew his arrow near And let it fly off the string, Cain unwarned it received, Groaned, fell prostrate (stretched) and died with-that. Lamech with wrath his knave seized, Unbent his bow, and beat and slew, Till he fell down in death's swoon. Twi-wiving (bigamy) and twi-slaughter (double homicide) On his soul is great trouble (anxiety). —(ll. 471-486.) HOW THE CHILD MOSES BEHAVED BEFORE PHARAOH. Ghe brogte him bi-foren pharaon, And ðiſ king wurð him in herte mild, So ſwide faiger was ðiſ child; And he toc him on ſunes ſtede, And hiſ corune on his heued he dede, And let it ſtonden ayne ſtund; ðe child it warp dun to ðe grund. Hamoneſ likeneſ was ðor-on; ðiſ crune is broken, ðiſ iſ miſdon. Biſſop Eliopoleos ſag ðiſ timing, & up he roſ; "If ðiſ child," quad he, "mote ðen, He ſal egyptes bale ben." If ðor ne wore helpe twen lopen, ðiſ childe adde ðan ſone be dropen; ðe king wið-ſtod & an wiſ man, He ſeide, "ðe child doð alſ he can; We ſulen nu witen for it dede ðiſ witterlike, or in child-hede;" He bad ðis child brennen to colen And he toc is (hu migt he it ðolen), And in hiſe muth ſo depe he iſ dede Hiſe tunges ende iſ brent ðor-mide; ðor-fore ſeide ðe ebru witterlike, ðat he ſpac ſiðen miſerlike. She (Thermutis) brought him (Moses) before Pharaoh, And this king became to him in heart mild, So very fair was this child; And he took him on son's stead (instead of a son), And his crown on his head he did (placed), And let it stand a stound (while); The child threw it down to the ground. Hamon's likeness was thereon; This crown is broken, this is misdone. The Bishop of Heliopolis Saw this circumstance, and up he rose; If this child, quoth he, might thrive (grow up), He shall Egypt's bale be. If there had not helpers 'tween leapt, This child had then soon been killed; The king with-stood and a wise man, He said, The child doth as he can (knows); We should now learn whether it did This wittingly, or in childishness; He offered this child two burning coals And he took them (how might he bear them?) And in his mouth so deep (far) he them did (placed) His tongue's end is burnt therewith; Therefore said the Hebrew truly, That he spake afterwards indistinctly. —(ll. 2634-2658.) HOW MOSES DEFEATED THE ETHIOPIANS. Bi ðat time ðat he was guð, Wið faigered and ſtrengthe kuð, folc ethiopienes on egipte cam, And brende, & ſlug, & wreche nam, Al to memphin ðat riche cite, And a-non to ðe reade ſe; ðo was egipte folc in dred, And aſkeden here godes red; And hem ſeiden wið anſweren, ðat on ebru cude hem wel weren. Moyſes was louered of ðat here, ðor he wurð ðane egyptes were; Bi a lond weige he wente rigt, And brogte vn-warnede on hem figt; He hadden don egipte wrong, He bi-loc hem & ſmette a-mong, And ſlug ðor manige; oc ſumme flen, Into ſaba to borgen ben. Moyſes bi-ſette al ðat burg, Oc it was riche & ſtrong ut-ðhurg; Ethiopienes kinges dowter tarbis, Riche maiden of michel priſ, Gaf ðiſ riche burg moyſi; Luue-bonde hire ghe it dede for-ði. ðor iſe fon he leide in bonde, And he wurð al-migt-ful in ðat lond; He bi-lef ðor(.) tarbis him ſcroð, ðog was him ðat ſurgerun ful loð; Mai he no leue at hire taken but-if he it mai wið crafte maken: He waſ of an ſtrong migt [&] wiſ, He carf in two gummes of priſ Two likeneſſes, ſo grauen & meten, ðis doð ðenken, & ðoð_er_ forgeten; He feſt is in two ringes of gold, Gaf hire ðe ton, he was hire hold; [And quan awei nimen he wolde Gaf hire ðe toðer, he was hire colde] Ghe it bered and ðiſ luue iſ for-geten, Moyſes ðus haued him leue bi-geten; Sone it migte wið leue ben, Into egypte e wente a-gen. By that time that he was a youth (young man), For beauty and strength renowned, Ethiopian folk on Egypt came, And burnt, and slew, and vengeance took, All to Memphis that rich city, And anon to the Red Sea; Then was Egypt's folk in dread, And asked their gods' advice; And they said to them in answer, That one Hebrew could them well defend. Moses became leader of that (Egyptian) army, There he became then Egypt's protector; By a land-way he went right, And brought unwarned on them fight; They had done Egypt wrong, He compassed them and smote among, And slew there many; but some fled Into Sheba to be saved. Moses beset all that borough (city), But it was rich and strong out-thorough (throughout); Tarbis, the Ethiopian king's daughter, Rich maiden of great renown, Gave this rich city to Moses; As love-bond's hire she did it, therefore. There his foes he laid in bond, And he became all-powerful in that land; He remained there, Tarbis him urged, Yet was to him that sojourn full loath; May he no leave of her take Unless he it may with craft make: He was of a strong might and wise, He carved in two gems (stones) precious, Two likenesses alike carved and depicted, This one causes to remember, and the other to forget; He fastened them in two rings of gold, Gave her the one, he was dear to her; [And when depart he would Gave her the other, and was distasteful to her] She it beareth and this love is forgotten, Moses thus hath for himself leave begotten; Soon it might with leave be, Into Egypt he went again. —(ll. 2665-2708.) THE PLAGUE OF FROGS. And aaron held up his hond to ðe water and ðe more lond; ðo cam ðor up ſwilc froſkes here ðe dede al folc egipte dere; Summe woren wilde, and ſumme tame, And ðo hem deden ðe moſte ſame; In huſe, in drinc, in metes, in bed, It cropen and maden hem for-dred; Summe ſtoruen and gouen ſtinc, And vn-hileden mete and drinc; Polheuedes, and froſkes, & podes ſpile Bond harde egipte folc un-ſile.[8] And Aaron held up his hand To the water and the greater land; Then came there up such host of frogs That did all Egypt's folk harm; Some were wild, and some tame, And those caused them the most (greatest) shame; In house, in drink, in meats, in bed, They crept and made them in great dread; Some died and gave (out) stink, And (others) uncovered meat and drink; Tadpoles and frogs, and toad's venom Bound hard Egypt's sorrowful folk. —(ll. 2967-2978.) The reader must not be disappointed if he fails to find many traces in this work of our pious author's poetic skill; he must consider that the interest attaching to so early an _English_ version of Old Testament History, as well as the philological value of the poem, fully compensates him for the absence of great literary merit, which is hardly to be expected in a work of this kind. And, moreover, we must recollect that it is to the patriotism, as well as piety, of such men as our author, that we owe the preservation of our noble language. The number of religious treatises written in English during the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries proves that the dialect of religion approached more closely to the speech of the people than did the language of history or romance. And it is a curious fact that the most valuable monuments of our language are mostly theological, composed for the lewed and unlearned, who knew no other language than the one spoken by their forefathers, and who clung most tenaciously to their mother tongue, notwithstanding the changes consequent upon the Norman invasion, and the oppression of Norman rule, which, inasmuch as it fostered and kept up a patriotic spirit, exercised a most important and beneficial influence upon Early English literary culture and civilization. DATE AND DIALECT OF THE POEM. The mere examination of an Early English work with respect to its vocabulary and grammatical forms, will not enable us (as Price asserts) to settle satisfactorily the date at which it was written. The place of composition must also be taken into consideration, and a comparison, if possible, must be made with other works in the same dialect, the date of which is known with some degree of certainty. The date of the text before us must not, therefore, be confounded with that of the manuscript, which is, perhaps, a few years earlier than A.D. 1300. A careful comparison of the poem with the Bestiary, written in the same dialect, and most probably by the same author[9] (and printed by Mr Wright in the Reliquiæ Antiquæ, p. 208, and by myself in an Old English Miscellany), leads me to think that the present poem is not later than A.D. 1250.[10] The vocabulary, which contains very few words of Romance origin,[11] is not that of Robert of Gloucester, or of Robert of Brunne, but such as is found in Laȝamon's Brut, or Orm's paraphrases, and other works illustrating the second period of our language, i.e. the twelfth and earlier part of the thirteenth centuries. The employment of a _dual_ for the pronouns of the first and second persons marks an _early_ date (certainly not much later than the time of Henry III.) even in works composed in the Southern dialect, which, it is well known, retained to a comparatively late period those Anglo-Saxon inflections that had long previously been disused in more Northern dialects. The Corpus manuscript is evidently the work of a scribe, to whom the language was more or less archaic, which accounts for such blunders as _ðrosing_ for _ðrosem_, _waspene_ for _wastme_, _lage_ for _vn-lage_, _insile_ for _vn-sile_, _grauen_ for _ðrauen_, etc. The original copy of Genesis most probably terminated with ll. 2521-4: "And here ended completely The book which is called Genesis, Which Moses, through God's help, Wrote for precious souls' need." The concluding lines, in which both the author and scribe are mentioned, seem to me to be the work of a subsequent transcriber: "God shield his soul from hell-bale, Who made it thus in English tale (speech)! And he that these letters wrote, May God help him blissfully, And preserve his soul from sorrow and tears, Of hell-pain, cold and hot!" The Ormulum is the earliest[12] printed Early English work which has come down to us that exhibits the uniform employment of the termination _-en_ (_-n_) as the inflection of the plural number, present tense, indicative mood; or, in other words, it is the earliest printed example we have of a _Midland_ dialect. I say _a_ Midland dialect, because the work of Orm is, after all, only a specimen of _one_ variety of the Midland speech, most probably of that spoken in the northern part of the eastern counties of England, including what is commonly called the district of East Anglia. Next in antiquity to the Ormulum come the Bestiary, already mentioned, and the present poem, both of which uniformly employ the Midland affix _-en_, to the exclusion of all others, as the inflection of the present plural indicative. There are other peculiarities which these works have in common; and a careful comparison of them with the Ormulum induces me to assign them to the East Midland area; but there are certain peculiarities, to be noticed hereafter, which induce me to believe that the work of Orm represents a dialect spoken in the northern part of this district, while the Story of Genesis and Exodus, together with the Bestiary, exhibits the speech of the more southern counties of the East Midland district.[13] Thus, if the former be in the dialect of _Lincoln_, the latter is in that of _Suffolk_.[14] The chief points in which the present poem and the Bestiary agree with the Ormulum are the following:— I. The absence of compound vowels. In the Southern dialects we find the compound vowels _ue_, _eo_, _ie_, _ea_ (_yea_). In the Ormulum _eo_ occurs, but with the sound of _e_, and _ea_ in Genesis and Exodus is written for _e_. II. The change of an initial _ð_ (th) into _t_ after words ending in _d_, _t_, _n_, _s_, that is to say, after a dental or a sibilant.[15] "ðanne iſ _tis_ fruit wel ſwiðe good."—(_Gen. and Ex._, l. 334.) "ðe firſt moned and _te_ firſt dai, He ſag erðe drie & _te_ water awai."—(_Ibid._, l. 615-6.) "ðin berg and _tin_ werger ic ham."—(_Ibid._, l. 926.) "at _te_ welle[n]."—(_Ibid._, l. 2756.) This practice is much more frequent in the Bestiary, which is a proof, perhaps, that the present poem has suffered somewhat in the course of transcription. "neddre is _te_ name."—(_O.E. Miscellany_, p. 5.) "it is _te_ ned."—(_Ibid._, p. 6.) "ðis lif bitokneð ðe sti ðat _te_ neddre gangeð bi, and _tis_ is ðe ðirl of ðe ston, ðat _tu_ salt ðurg gon."—(_Ibid._, p. 7.) "at _tin_ herte."—(_Ibid._, p. 7.) III. Simplicity of grammatical structure and construction of sentences.[16] 1. The neglect of _gender_ and _number_ in nouns. 2. The genitive singular of substantives end in _-es_ in all genders.[17] 3. The absence of the gen. pl. of substantives in _-ene_. 4. The employment of an uninflected article.[18] 5. The use of _ðat_ (that) as a demonstrative adjective, and not as the neuter of the article. The form _ðas_ (those), common enough in the fourteenth century, does not occur in this poem or in the Ormulum. 6. No inflection of the adjective in the accusative singular. The phrase '_godun_ dai,' good day, in l. 1430, p. 41, contains a solitary instance of the accusative of the adjective, but it is, no doubt, a mere remnant of the older speech, just like our 'for _the n_once' (= for _then_ once), and is no proof that the writer or his readers employed it as a common inflection. The form _godun_ is a corruption of _godne_, as it is more properly written in works in the Southern dialects as late as the middle of the fourteenth century. 7. Adjectives and adverbs with the termination _-like_. The Southern form is, for adjectives, _-lich_ (sing.), _-liche_ (pl.); for adverbs _-liche_. Thus the adoption of this affix really (though at first it appears a matter of no importance) marks a _stage_ in the language when the distinction between the sing. and pl. form of adjectives was not very strictly observed, and was, moreover, a step towards our modern _-ly_, which is adjectival as well as adverbial. Even in this poem adjectives occur in _-li_, as _reuli_ = piteous, which is the earliest example I have met with. Orm employs double forms in _-like_ and _-liȝȝ_ (= _ly_?). _-ly_ has arisen not out of _-lich_ or _-liche_ (which would have become _lidge_ or _litch_), but out of some such softened form as _liȝ_. 8. The tendency to drop the initial _y_, _i_ (A.S. _ge_) of the passive participles of strong verbs. The Ormulum has two or three examples of this prefixal element, and in our poem it occurs but seldom. IV. A tendency to drop the _t_ of the second person of verbs, as _as_, hast; _beas_, beëst; _findes_, findest. Examples of this practice are very common in the Bestiary and Genesis and Exodus, but it occurs only four times in the Ormulum.[19] It was very common for the West-Midland to drop the _-e_ of 2nd person in strong verbs. See Preface to O.E. Homilies, 1st Series. V. The use of _arn_, _aren_, for _ben_ of the Midland dialect, or _beð_ of the Southern dialect.[20] VI. The employment of the adverbs _thethen_, _hethen_, _quethen_ (of Scandinavian origin),[21] instead of the Southern _thenne_ (_thennen_), thence; _henne_ (_hennen_), hence; _whanne_ (_whanene_), whence. VII. The use of _oc_, _ok_ (also, and), a form which does not occur in any specimen of a Southern, West-Midland, or Northern dialect that has come under my notice. The use of _on_, _o_, for the Southern _an_ or _a_, as _onlike_, _olike_, alike, _on-rum_, apart, _on-sunder_, asunder, is also worth noticing. VIII. The coalition of the pronoun _it_ with pronouns and verbs, as _get_ (Bestiary) = she it (_ȝhöt_ in Ormulum; cf. _þüt_ = _thu itt_, thou it); _tellet_ = tell it; _wuldet_ = would it; _ist_ = is it, is there; _wast_, was it, was there, etc. _þit_ = _þe_ + _hit_ = who it, occurs in O.E. Homilies, 2nd Series. The Ormulum, the Bestiary, and Genesis and Exodus have some few other points of agreement which will be found noticed in the Grammatical Details and Glossary. There are, however, grammatical forms in the latter works which do not present themselves in the former, and which, in my opinion, seem to indicate a more Southern origin. (See Preface to O.E. Homilies, 2nd Series.) I. Plurals in _n_. I do not recollect any examples of plurals in _n_ in the Ormulum, except _ehne_, eyes; in this poem we have _colen_, coals; _deden_, deeds; _fon_, foes; _siðen_, sides; _son_, shoes; _steden_, places; _sunen_, sons; _tren_, trees; _teten_, teats; _wunen_, laws, abilities, etc. (see p. xxii.) II. The pronoun _is_ (_es_) = them.[22] In the fourteenth century we only find this form _is_ (_hise_) in pure _Southern_ writers.[23] "Diep he _iſ_ dalf under an ooc."[24]—(_Gen. and Ex._, l. 1873, p. 54.) "For ſalamon findin _iſ_ ſal."[25]—(_Ibid._, l. 1877, p. 54.) "He toc _iſ_."[26]—(_Ibid._, l. 2654, p. 76.) "Alle hise fet steppes After him he filleð, Drageð dust wið his stert (_O.E. Miscell._, p. 1.) ðer he steppeð, Oðer dust oðer deu, ðat he ne cunne _is_ finden."[27] Our author, however, employs this curious pronoun in a way quite peculiar to himself, for he constantly joins it to a _pronoun_ or a _verb_,[28] and the compound was at first rather perplexing. _Hes_ = _he_ + _is_, he, them; _wes_ = _we_ + _is_, we, them;[29] _caldes_, called them; _dedis_, did (placed) them; _settes_, set them; _wroutis_, wrought them, etc. "Alle _hes_ hadde wið migte bi-geten."[30]—(_Gen. and Ex._, l. 911, p. 26.) "Vndelt _heſ_ leide quor-so _heſ_ tok."[31]—(_Ibid._, l. 943, p. 27.) "Ðe culuer haueð costes gode, alle _wes_ ogen to hauen in mode."[32]—(_O.E. Miscell._, p. 25.) "Bala two childre bar bi him, Rachel _caldes_ dan(.) neptalim; And zelfa two sunes him ber, Lia _calde is_(.) Gad(.) and asser."[33]—(_Gen. and Ex._, l. 1700, p. 49.) "ðe tabernacle he _dedis_ in."[34]—(_Ibid._, l. 3830, p. 109.) "He _settes_ in ðe firmament."[35]—(_Ibid._, l. 135, p. 5.) In the Kentish Ayenbite of 1340 _he_ never coalesces with _hise_ (them), _e.g._:— "He (the devil) is lyeȝere and vader of leazinges, ase he þet made þe verste leazinge, and yet _he hise_ makeþ and tekþ eche daye."—(Ayenbite of Inwyt, p. 47.) (He is a liar and the father of leasings, as he that made the first leasing, and yet _he them_, i.e. lies, maketh and teacheth each day.) In Old Kentish Sermons (Old Eng. Miscell p. 28) _has_ = _ha_ + _es_ = he them. III. The pronoun _he_, they (Southern _hii_, _heo_; Northumbrian _thay_). Orm uses _þeȝȝ_, as well as _þeȝȝer_ (their), _þeȝȝm_ (them).[36] IV. _hine_, _hin_, _in_ = him. This form occurs as late as 1340, and still exists under the form _en_, _un_, in the modern dialects of the South of England, but is not employed by Orm; nor do we find any traces of _whan_ (whom), another very common example of the _-n_ accusative inflection, either in the Ormulum or the present work. V. The substitution of _n_ for a vowel-ending in nouns. Dr Guest has noticed this peculiarity, but he confines this substitution to the _nominative_ case of nouns of the _n_ declension,[37] and to the definite form of the adjective, which has, no doubt, given rise to the O.E. _himseluen_, etc., _bothen_ (both), as well as, perhaps, to _ouren_ (ours), _heren_ (theirs), etc. In the present poem, however, the _n_ seems added to the vowel-ending of all cases except the possessive, in order to rhyme with a verb in the infinitive, a passive participle, or an adverb terminating in _-en_, and is not always limited to nouns of the _-n_ declension, but represents in A.S. an _a_ or _e_: 'on _boken_,'[38] on book, l. 4; 'on _soðe-sagen_,' on sooth-saw, l. 14; _meten_, (acc.) meat, l. 2255, (nom.) 2079; _sunen_, (nom.) son, l. 1656; 'of _luuen_,' of love, 635; 'after ðe _wunen_' (after the custom), l. 688; _steden_, (nom.) place, 1114; 'for _on-sagen_,' for reproach, 2045; _wliten_, (nom.) face, 3614, (acc.) 2289; 'wið _answeren_,' in answer, 2673; _bileuen_, (acc.) remainder, 3154; _uuerslagen_, (acc.) lintel, 3155. Dr Guest considers this curious nunnation to be a Northern peculiarity, but as we do not meet with it (as far as I know) in any Northumbrian work, his statement is rather doubtful. On the other hand, it is well known that the plurals _bretheren_ (_broðeren_[39] in Shoreham), _calveren_[40] (calves), _children_,[41] _doren_ (doors),[42] _eyren_ (eggs),[43] _honden_ (hands),[44] _kine_,[45] _lambren_ (lambs),[46] _soulen_ (souls)—very common forms in the _Southern_ dialects in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries—are examples of the substitution of _n_ for, or in addition to, the vowel-ending, and were unknown in the Northern dialect. The Southern dialect could drop or retain, at pleasure, the _n_ final in the past participles, the preterite plurals, and infinitive mood of verbs. VI. A very small Norse element in the vocabulary. The only words of undoubtedly Norse element that occur in the present poem, and were unknown to Southern English, are—_fro_ (from), _ille_ (bad), _for-sweðen_ (to burn), _flitten_ (to remove), _laðe_ (barn), _lowe_ (flame), _mirk_ (dark), _ransaken_ (to search), _swaðe_ (flame), _til_ (to), _uglike_ (horrible), _werre_ (worse).[47] The Ormulum, being more Northern, contains a _larger_ number of words that must be referred to one of the Scandinavian idioms:[48]—_afell_ (strength), _afledd_ (begotten), _beȝȝsc_ (bitter), *_blunnt_ (blunt, dull), _bracc_ (noise), *_braþ_ (angry), *_braþþe_ (anger), *_brodd_ (shoot), _brodden_ (to sprout), _broþþfall_ (fit), *_bun_ (ready, _bound_), *_clake_ (accusation), *_croc_ (device), *_derf_ (bold), *_dill_ (sluggish), *_eggenn_ (to urge, egg on), *_egginng_ (urging), *_ettle_, *_flittenn_ (to remove, flit), *_flitting_ (change, removal), *_forrgart_ (opposed, condemned), *_forrgloppned_ (disturbed with fear, astonishment), *_gate_ (way), _gowesst_ (watchest), *_haȝherr_ (dexterous), _haȝherleȝȝc_ (skill), *_haȝherrlike_ (fitly), _hof_ (moderation), _hofelæs_ (immoderately), *_ille_ (bad), *_immess_ (variously), *_kinndlenn_ (to kindle), *_lasst_ (crime, fault), _leȝhe_ (hire, pay), *_leȝȝtenn_ (O.E. _layte_, inquire, seek), _o-loft_ (aloft), *_loȝhe_ (fire), *_mune_ (must, will), _naþe_ (grace), _nowwt_ (cattle, O.N. _naut_; the Southern form is _neet_, _nete_, A.S. _neát_), *_ploh_ (plough), *_radd_ (afraid), *_ros_ (praise), *_rosen_ (to boast), *_rosinng_ (boast), _rowwst_ (voice), *_scaldess_ (poets, O.E. _scald_, a great talker, boaster, E. _scold_), *_sit_ (pain), *_sket_ (quickly), *_skirpeþþ_ (rejecteth), *_sloþ_ (track, path), _smikerr_ (beautiful, Eng. _smug_), _sowwþess_ (sheep), _stoffnedd_ (generated, O.E. _stoven_, trunk, stem), *_summ_ (as), *_till_ (to), *_tór_ (hard, difficult), *_trigg_ (true), _uppbrixle_ (object of reproach, O.E. _brixle_, reproach), _usell_ (wretched), *_wand_ (rod), *_wandraþ_, O.E. _wandreth_ (trouble), *_werre_ (worse). As most, if not all, of the words in the foregoing list are not found in works written in the Southern dialect,—so far as we at present know them—we may reasonably suppose that they indicate fairly the Danish element in the English literature of the 12th and 13th centuries. In the Northumbrian, and the West, and East-Midland productions of a century later this element prevails to a much larger extent, and Herbert Coleridge's list of such words may be largely increased (Phil. Soc. Trans., 1859, p. 26-30). GRAMMATICAL DETAILS. I. NOUNS. 1. _Number._—The plural is generally formed by adding _-es_ to the singular. Some few nouns make the plural in _-en_, as _feren_[49] (companions), _fon_ (foes), _goren_ (spears), _loten_ (features), _sunen_ (sons), _teten_ (teats), _tren_ (trees), _weden_ (garments), _wunen_ (laws). The plurals of _brother_ and _child_ are _brethere_ and _childere_. _Der_ (deer), _erf_, _orf_ (cattle), _got_ (goat), _neat_ (oxen), _sep_ (sheep), _scrud_ (garbs), _wrim_ (reptiles), of the neuter gender, are uninflected in the plural. _Winter_, _ger_ (year), and _nigt_ (night), are plural as in Anglo-Saxon. 2. _Gender._—As a general rule the names of inanimate things are of the neuter gender. The names of towns, however, are considered as masculine. 3. _Case._—The genitive singular and plural of masculine and feminine nouns end in _-es_. Occasionally proper nouns form the genitive in _-is_. The means or instrument occasionally stands in the genitive without the preposition: '_deades_ driuen,' influenced by death; '_swerdes_ slagen,' slain of the sword; '_teres_ wet,' wet with tears. Cf. '_floures bred_,' bread made with flour; '_bredes_ mel,' meal consisting of bread; '_wines_ drinc,' drink consisting of wine. Corresponding to the modern word _kinsmen_ we have such forms as '_daiges-ligt_' (daylight), '_hines-folk_' (servants), '_wifeskin_' (women). The genitive is used adverbially, as _newes_, anew; _liues_, alive. We have a few traces of the genitive in _-e_ in the following examples: '_helle_ nigt,' l. 89 (hell's night); '_helle_ bale,' l. 2525 (hell's bale); '_sterre_ name,' l. 134 (star's name); '_safte_ same,' l. 349 (shame of form); '_werlde_ nigt,' l. 1318 (world's night).[50] The genitive of _fader_ and _moder_ is, as is very seldom the case in Early English writers, _fadres_ and _modres_. An _n_ is often added to the final _-e_ (representing an A.Sax. vowel-ending) in the nom., dat., and acc. of nouns. For examples, see p. xxi. II. ADJECTIVES. 1. Adjectives have a definite and an indefinite form; the former is used when the adjective is preceded by the definite article, a demonstrative adjective, or possessive pronoun. Indef. _wis_ (wise), _god_ (good). Def. _wise_, _gode_. 2. _Number._—The plural is formed by the addition of _e_ to the singular. SINGULAR. PLURAL. _fet_ (fat), _fette_. _gret_ (great) _grete_. _other_, _othere_. _tother_, _tothere_. But the _-e_ (pl.) is seldom added to the past participle of irregular verbs. _This_ forms the plurals _thes_ (oblique cases _these_), _this_ (_thise_). _Tho_ is the plural of _that_. _Cases._—_One_ makes the genitive _ones_; as, '_ones_ bles,' of one colour. The gen. pl. _-re_ occurs in _ald-re_ (= _alre_), of all; as, 'hure _aldre_ bale,' the bale of us all; 'here _aldre_ heuedes,' the heads of them all. _Degrees of comparison._—The comparative ends in _-ere_ (_-er_), the superlative in _-este_ (_est_).[51] Very few irregular forms occur in the present poem. POSITIVE. COMPARATIVE. SUPERLATIVE. ille, werre. —— lite, lesse, leist. long, { leng. } —— { lengere. } mikel, { mo, } moste. { mor, } neg, —— neste. old, eldere, eldeste. _Numerals._—The Northumbrian forms in _-nde_ have superseded the Southern ones in _-the_; as, _seuende_ (seventh), _egtende_ (eighth), _tende_ (tenth).[52] III. PRONOUNS. 1. The first personal pronoun _Ic_ is never found softened into _Ich_ as in Laȝamon's Brut, the Ancren Riwle, and other Southern works. _I_ is found only once or twice throughout the poem. 2. The first and second personal pronouns have a _dual_ as well as a plural number; as, _wit_, we two; _unc_, us two; _gunc_, you two; _gunker_, of you two. 3. _Hine_ (_hin_, _in_) (acc.) occasionally occurs, but more frequently _him_ (dat.) does duty for it. 4. _Ge_, _ghe_,[53] she, represents the A.Sax. _héo_ (O.E. _heo_, _ho_, and _hi_). The curious form _sge_ (= _sye_), as well as _sche_, occurs for she, the earliest instance of which is _scæ_ in the A.Sax. Chronicle. 5. The neuter pronoun is written _it_ and not _hit_, and is frequently used as a plural. It coalesces with the pronoun _ge_, _ghe_[54] (she), and with the preterite of verbs terminating in _-de_ or _-te_,[55] and with some few irregular verbs; as, _sagt_ (saw there), p. 37, l. 1301. The curious form _negt_ (in l. 3964, p. 112) = _neg_ + _it_ = nigh it. 6. The A.Sax. _hi_ (they) is represented by _he_ = _hie_.[56] _He_ is common enough in the Romance of Havelok the Dane.[57] The pronouns, as has already been shown, coalesce with the plural (acc.) _is_ (them), and give us the compounds _hes_, he + them; _wes_, we + them;[58] mes = _me_ + _hes_ = one + them.[59] Not satisfied with joining _he_ (they) to the pronoun _is_, the author of this poem occasionally employs the more perplexing combination _hem_ = _he_ + _hem_, he, them. bred kalueſ fleiſ, and flures bred, _Roasted calves' flesh, and flour-bread,_ And buttere, _hem_ ðo sondes bed, _And butter, he them the messengers offered._—(l. 1014.) In ſichem feld ne fonde _hem_ nogt, _In Shechem field found he them not._—(l. 1933.) Ðo ſette ſundri _hem_ to waken, _Then set sundry he them to watch._—(l. 2551.) ðo ſeide ðuſ quanne _hem_ cam dun, _Then said thus when he to them came down._—(l. 4022.) In l. 2673 _hem_ seems to stand for _he_ + _hem_, they + them. And _hem_ ſeiden wið anſweren,[60] _And they to them said in answer._ The Southern _me_, one (Fr. _on_), is absent from this poem as well as from the Ormulum; its place is supplied by _man_ and _men_[61] used with a verb in the singular number. _ðe_ is frequently used as a relative pronoun as well as _ðat_, but uninflected; _quo_ (who), _quat_ (what), are interrogative; _whether_ signifies which of two. TABLE OF PRONOUNS. SINGULAR. Nom. Ic, I ðu Gen. min ðin Dat. me ðe Acc. me ðe DUAL. PLURAL. DUAL. PLURAL. Nom. wit we —— ge Gen. —— ure gunker gure Dat. —— us —— gu Acc. unc us gunc gu SINGULAR. Nom. He ge, ghe (sge, sche) It Gen. His Hire Is, His Dat. Him Hire It Acc. { Hin } Hire It { Him } PLURAL. Masc. Neut. Interrogative. Nom. He It | Quo Gen. Here Here | Quase } | Was } Dat. Hem It | —— Acc. Hem It | Quam The third personal pronoun is occasionally used reflexively; as _him_ = himself. _Self_ is used adjectively in the sense of own, very, and the form _selven_ (from the A.Sax. _sylfa_) is joined to the personal pronouns; as _ðeselven_, _himselven_, etc. The independent possessives are _min_, _ðin_, _his_ (_hise_), _hire_ (hers), _ure_ (ours), _gure_ (yours), _here_ (theirs).[62] IV. VERBS. _Infinitive Mood._—The infinitive terminates in _-en_, which is seldom dropped. There are no infinitives in _-y_ or _-ie_, as in Southern English writers, nor do we find them in the Ormulum, or in Robert of Brunne's "Handlyng Synne," and they were, most probably, wholly unknown to the East Midland district. The _t_ in the 2nd pers. sing. pres. is occasionally dropped, as _beas_ (= _best_), art, _betes_, beatest, _findes_, findest, etc.; but not in the preterite of regular verbs. There are no instances of the 3rd pers. sing. present in _-es_ in this poem. The final _e_ of the first and third persons (sing.) of the preterite tense is often dropped before a vowel or an _h_,[63] and, in a few cases, through the carelessness of the scribe,[64] it is unwritten before a consonant, where we should expect to, and do, find it in the majority of instances. Some few strong verbs have become weak, as _grapte_ (grasped, felt), _gette_ (poured), _smette_ (smote). _Imperative Mood._—Verbs forming the past tense in _de_ or _te_ take no inflexion in the 2nd pers. sing. imperative. _Participles._—1. The active or imperfect participle ends in _-ende_ or _-ande_, the former being the Midland and the latter the Northumbrian form. The Southern affix is _-inde_, from which we have the modern _-ing_ (O.E. _-inge_). Our author rhymes _specande_ with _lockende_, and in the Bestiary we find that the participle in _-ande_ rhymes with an infinitive in _-en_,[65] and this accounts for such forms as _stinken_ = _stinkende_, _brennen_ = _brennende_, in the present poem. 2. The passive or perfect participle of regular or weak verbs terminates in _-ed_; of irregular or strong verbs in _-en_. In _bigote_ (begotten), _funde_ (found), _geue_ (given), the absence of the _n_ is probably an error of the scribe. 3. The prefix _i-_ or _y-_ (A.S. _ge-_) is not of frequent occurrence either in this poem or in the Bestiary; in the former we have _i-wreken_ (avenged), _i-wrogt_ (wrought), _ybiried_ (buried), _y-oten_ (called); and in the latter we find _i-digt_ (arranged). There are two conjugations of verbs, regular (weak) and irregular (strong). The regular verbs form their past tense in _-ede_, _-de_, or _-te_; the past participle ends in _-ed_, _-d_, or _-t_. Irregular verbs form their past tense by a change of vowel, and the past participle terminates in _-en_. CONJUGATION OF REGULAR VERBS. I. CLASS. INFINITIVE MOOD—_Loven_, love. INDICATIVE MOOD. PRESENT. Singular. Plural. 1. love, 1. loven, 2. lovest, 2. loven, 3. loveð. 3. loven. PAST TENSE. Singular. Plural. 1. lovede, 1. loveden, 2. lovedest, 2. loveden, 3. lovede. 3. loveden. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. PRESENT. PAST. Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural. love, loven. lovede, loveden. IMPERATIVE MOOD. Singular. Plural. 1st form. 2nd form. 2. love. loveð, love.[66] PARTICIPLES. PRESENT OR ACTIVE. PAST OR PASSIVE. lovande, } lovende, } loved. II. CLASS. INFINITIVE MOOD—_Heren_, hear. INDICATIVE MOOD. PRESENT. PAST. Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural. 1. here, heren, 1. herde, herden, 2. herest, heren, 2. herdest, herden, 3. hereð. heren. 3. herde. herden. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. PRESENT. PAST. Singular. Plural. here. heren. (Like the Indicative.) IMPERATIVE MOOD. Singular. Plural. 1st form. 2nd form. 2. her. hereð. here.[67] PARTICIPLES. PRESENT. PAST. herande, } herende. } herd. III. CLASS. INFINITIVE MOOD—_Seken_, seek. INDICATIVE MOOD. PRESENT. PAST. Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural. 1. seke, seken, 1. sogte, sogten, 2. sekest, seken, 2. sogtest, sogten, 3. sekeð. seken. 3. sogte. sogten. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. PRESENT. PAST. Singular. Plural. seke. seken. (Like the Indicative.) IMPERATIVE MOOD. Singular. Plural. 1st form. 2nd form. 2. sek. sekeð. seke. PARTICIPLES. PRESENT. PAST. sekande, } sekende. } sogt. CONJUGATION OF IRREGULAR VERBS. A. (no change of vowel in the plural preterite.) INFINITIVE MOOD—_Holden_, hold. INDICATIVE MOOD. PRESENT. PAST. Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural. 1. holde, holden, 1. held, helden, 2. holdest, holden, 2. helde,[68] helden, 3. holdeð. holden. 3. held, helden. SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. PRESENT. PAST. Singular. Plural. Singular. Plural. holde. holden. helde. helden. IMPERATIVE MOOD. Singular. Plural. 1st form. 2nd form. 2. hold. holdeð. holde. PARTICIPLES. PRESENT. PAST. holdande, } holdand. } holden. B. (change of vowel in the preterite plural.) INFINITIVE MOOD—_Helpen_, help; _singen_, sing. INDICATIVE MOOD. PRESENT TENSE. Singular. Plural. 1. helpe, singe, } 2. helpest, singest, } helpen, singen. 3. helpeð. singeð. } PAST. Singular. Plural. 1. halp, sang, } 2. holpe,[69] sunge,[69]} holpen, sungen. 3. halp. sang. } SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD. PRESENT. PAST. Singular. Plural. helpe, singe. holpen, sungen. IMPERATIVE MOOD. Singular. Plural. 1st form. 2nd form. 2. help, sing. helpeð, singeð. helpe, singe. PARTICIPLES. PRESENT. PAST. helpande, singande, } helpende, singende, } holpen, sungen. TABLE OF VERBS. A.—REGULAR. Present. Preterite. Passive Participle. Class I. Loven (to love), lovede, loved. etc. etc. etc. Class II. (_a_) Callen (call), calde, cald. Feden (feed), fedde, fed. Greden (cry), gredde, gred. Heren (hear), herde, herd. Leden (lead), ledde, led. Sriden (clothe), sridde, srid. Wenen (think), wende, wend. etc. etc. etc. (_b_) Bimenen (lament), bimente, biment. Bitiden (betide), bitidde, bitid. Delen (divide), delte, delt. Demen (judge), dempte, dempt. Kepen (keep), kepte, kept. Wenden (go), wente, went. Class III. Bigen (buy), bogte, bogt. Biseken (beseech), bisogte, bisogt. Biteche (assign), bitagte, bitagt. Cachen (drive), kagte, kagt. Lachen (seize), lagte, lagt. Sellen (sell), solde, sold. Tellen (tell), tolde, told. Worchen (work), wrogte, wrogt. B.—IRREGULAR VERBS. DIVISION I. Class I. (_a_) Beren (bear), { bar, } boren. { bor, } Bidden (bid), bad, beden. Bi-speken (speak), bi-spac, bi-speken. Bigeten (beget), bigat, { bigeten. { bigoten. Breken (break), brac, broken. Cumen (come), cam, { cumen. { comen. Eten (eat), at, eten. Forgeten (forget), forgat, forgeten. Giuen (give), gaf, { geven. { given. Nimen (take, go), nam, { nomen. { numen. Seren (shear), —— soren. Stelen (steal), stal, stolen. Sweren (swear), swor, sworen. Beten (beat), bet, beten. Class II. Bidden (ask, entreat), bed, boden. Biheten } (promise), { bihet, bihoten. Heten } { het, hoten. Drepen (slay), —— dropen. Fallen (fall), fel, fallen. Forhelen (hide), —— forholen. Hingen (hang), heng, hangen. Holden (hold), held, holden. Lepen (leap), lep, lopen. Leten (leave), let, leten. Slepen (sleep), slep, slepen. Wepen (weep), wep, wepen. Wassen (wash), weis, wassen. Waxen (wax), wex, waxen. Wreken (avenge), wrek, { wroken. { wreken. Class III. Dragen (draw), { drog, dragen. { drug, drogen. Faren (go), for, faren. Forsaken (forsake), forsoc, forsaken. Graven (bury), —— graven. Slon (slay), { slog, } slagen. { slug, } Standen (stand), stod, standen. Taken (take), toc, taken. Waken (wake), woc, waken. DIVISION II. Class I. At-winden (depart), at-wond. —— Abreden (awake), abraid. —— Bergen (protect), barg, { borgen. { borwen. Binden (bind), bond, bunden. Bresten (burst), brast, { brusten. { brosten. Biginnen (begin), bigan, bigunnen. Delven (buy), dalf, dolven. Drinken (drink), dranc, drunken. Figten (fight), fagt, fogten. Finden (find), { fand, } funden. { fond, } Gelden (requite), { gald, golden. { geald, gulden. Helpen (help), halp, holpen. Melten (melt), malt, molten. Scriðen (invite), scroð. —— Singen (sing), sang, sungen. Sinken (sink), sanc, sunken. Springen (spring), sprong, sprungen. Sterfen (die), starf, storven. Stingen (sting), stong, stungen. Wergen (defend), warg. —— Werpen (throw), warp, worpen. Ðresten (thrust), ðrast. —— Class II. At-witen (go, depart), atwot. —— Biten (bite), bot, biten. Driven (drive), drof, driven. Gliden (glide), glod, gliden. Risen (rise), ros, risen. Sinen (shine), son, sinen. Smiten (smite), smot, smiten. Writen (write), wrot, writen. Class III. Beden (offer), { bed, } boden. { bead, } Crepen (creep), crep, cropen. Chesen (choose), ches, chosen. Dregen (suffer), dreg, drogen. Flegen (fly), { fleg, } flogen. { flew, } Fleten (float), flet, floten. Forlese (lose), { forles, } forloren. { forleas, } Scheten (shoot), schet. —— Segen (see), { seg, sogen. { sag, sowen. Seðen (boil), seð, soden. Stigen (ascend), steg, stigen. Ten (go), teg, togen. Ðen (thrive), ðeg, ðogen. ANOMALOUS VERBS. Cunen (can), 3 _pers. sing._ can, _pl._ cunen, _pret._ cuðe, _p.p._ cuð. Daren (dare), _pres. pl._ duren, _pret._ durste. Mogen (may), 3 _pers. sing._ mai, _pl._ mogen, mowen, _pret._ migte (2 _pers. pret._ migt). Mot (may), _pret._ muste. Ogen (owe, ought), 3 _pers. sing._ og, _pl._ ogen, _pret._ ogte. Sal (shall), 2 _pers. sing._ salt, _pl._ sulen, _pret._ sulde, _pret. pl._ sulden. Witen (know), 3 _pers. sing._ wot, _pret._ wiste. Wilen (will), _pret._ wulde; nile = will not; nolde = would not. The verb _ben_, 'to be,' is conjugated after the following manner:— INDICATIVE MOOD. PRESENT. Singular. Plural. 1. am, } 2. art, beas, best, } ben, arn[70] (aren). 3. is, beð, } PAST. Singular. Plural. 1. was, } 2. wore, } weren, worn (woren, wore). 3. was, } V. ADVERBS. The adverbs _hence_, _thence_, _whence_, do not occur, being superseded by the Norse forms _heðen_, _ðeðen_, _queðen_. _Adverbial Terminations._—Adverbs are formed from adjectives by the addition of _e_; as _long_ (adj.), _longe_ (adv.). _-um_ (dative) occurs in _whilum_ and _seldum_. _-es_ (gen.) in _lives_, alive, _newes_, anew. _-en_ in _abouten_, _aboven_, _binnen_, _biforen_ (_foren_), _bisiden_, _uten_, _wiðouten_. VI. PREPOSITIONS. _Fro_ (Northumbrian _fra_) takes the place of the Southern _fram_ (from), and _til_ (unknown to Southern writers) occurs frequently for _to_. THE METRE OF THE POEM. The essence of the system of versification which the poet has adopted is, briefly, that every line shall have _four accented_ syllables in it; the _unaccented_ syllables being left in some measure, as it were, to take care of themselves. The words which Coleridge prefixed to his poem of "Christabel" are by no means inapplicable here. He says, "I have only to add, that the metre of the 'Christabel' is not, properly speaking, irregular, though it may seem to be so from its being founded on a new (?) principle: namely, that of counting in each line the accents, not the syllables. Though the latter may vary from seven to twelve, yet in each line the accents will be found to be only four." The normal form of the line of the present poem is that simple one of eight syllables, consisting of four (so-called) iambics, which is so common in English poetry. But it should be remembered that this line is at all times convertible with one of _seven_ syllables, generally described as consisting of three trochees and a long syllable. This is easily exemplified by taking the first two lines of the Conclusion to the Second Part of Coleridge's "Christabel." \/ —— \/ —— \/ —— \/ —— A lit | tle child | a lim | ber elf || —— \/ —— \/ —— \/ —— Singing | dancing | to it | self || This is adopting the common form of scansion given in English prosodies, which is far from being a very correct method; since to make _trochaic_ and _iambic_ metres convertible is to introduce all sorts of confusion. The fact is, that the _seven-syllable_ line, though _trochaic_ to the _ear_, is really an _iambic_ line, of which the _first_ syllable is _deficient_, i.e., supplied by a _pause_; and the truer scansion is, A lit | tle child | a lim | ber elf || — Sing | ing danc | ing to | itself || At any rate, to adopt this latter method (of beginning to mark off the feet from the _end_, instead of from the _beginning_ of the line) will be found to be far more convenient in practice; since the accented syllables, instead of drifting about, will thus always be placed at the end of a foot. We should thus, for instance, introduce the same marking off of syllables in the line, Ánd | ðe séx | te dá | is ligt || l. 167, as we have in the line, ðo cám | ðe fíf | te dá | is ligt || l. 158. Examples of couplets containing a line of each kind are not uncommon; thus, ll. 29, 30:— Fá | der gód | of ál | le ðhínge || Almíg | tin lóu | erd hég | est kínge || Also lines 289, 290. And gét | ne kú | ðe hé | nogt blínne || Fór | to dón | an óð | er ſínne || See also ll. 309, 310; 439, 440, etc. The introduction of these seven-syllable lines, far from being a defect, is a natural and agreeable variation, adopted by all our best poets. The next chief variation to be noted is that two very rapid syllables are often (as in other English metres) substituted for an unaccented one, as in l. 88:— Ór | ðe nígt | and áf | ter ðe dáy || ~~~~~~ Again, in l. 93:— On an óð | er daí | ðis míd | del érd || ~~~~~ and in l. 474:— To sché | ten áf | ter ðe wíl | de dér || ~~~~~~ See also ll. 321, 503, 505, 656, etc.; and compare the line from "Christabel:" "That shá | dowy in | the moon | light shone ||" ~~~~ The syllables thus most frequently _slurred over_—the term _elided_ is but weak and improper, explaining nothing—are the final syllables _-en_, _-er_, _-et_, etc., as in ll. 96 and 116:— Ál | abú | ten ðis wálk | ne sént || ~~~~~~~ Was wá | ter and érðe | o ſún | der ſád || ~~~~~~~ Some lines—and these sound rather harshly—require a little _forcing_ to make them conform to the strict type; as, _e.g._, l. 66, which, to make it agree with the rest, must be written, Ín | to ðis ðhíſ | terneſſe hér | bi-néðen || ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~ A poet's business is, in fact, to take care that the syllables which _are_ to be rapidly pronounced are such as easily _can_ be so; and that the syllables which are to be heavily accented are naturally those that _ought_ to be. If he gives attention to this it does not much matter whether each foot has _two_ or _three_ syllables in it. A man is master of his art when he can write— Come in | to the gar | den, Maud || For the black | bat, night, | has flown || And the wood | bine spi | ces are waf | ted abroad || And the musk | of the rose | is blown || With respect to the final _-en_, it should be further noted— (1) That it is sometimes fully pronounced, as in ll. 87 and 91— fró | ðat tíme | we tél | len áy || ðo gán | hem dá | gen wél | iwíſſe || (2) That it is sometimes rapidly slurred over, as in l. 96, already cited; and (3) That (especially after an _r_) it is often so pronounced as to be incorporated with the syllable preceding it, so that the whole word, supposing it a dissyllable in appearance, becomes monosyllabic in pronunciation; as in l. 514— Matú | ſalé | was bóren | iſ ſúne || and, again, in l. 655— Wóren | ſtalwúr | ði bóren | bi tále || Thus, we may find the same word written and pronounced as a dissyllable— Wó | ren ðáne | don ſóne | a-nón || l. 3591; and, in another place, written and pronounced as a monosyllable— In geu | eléngðh | e wórn | it mád || l. 147. Thus, the _n_ must have been _very slightly_ touched, as is shewn also by the riming of _e_ and _en_. Examples, ll. 11, 12; 363, 364, etc. As to the final _-e_, it may be observed that it is most frequently pronounced just when it is most essential, viz., when it marks a grammatical inflexion, or an adverbial form, as, _e.g._:— Til ihé | sus béð | on Ró | dè dón || l. 386; and, Wél | he ſeí | den and ſwí | ðè wél || l. 1645. In the second place, it is very liable to be slurred over before a vowel following, as in l. 148— In Ré | ke-fíl | le on ſún | der ſhád || ~~~~~ and, thirdly, it is frequently added to words without cause, and is therefore mute, as in l. 60— ðat éu | ere ſpróng | in wérld | wíd || It seems to be sometimes mute after _-ed_, when _-ede_ forms part of a verb. See ll. 1396, 1433, etc. Attention to the metre may detect errors in the text. Thus, in l. 75, the word _dais_ is missing:— forð glód | ðat fír | me [dá | is] lígt || See l. 113, which proves the point. In l. 1846 the definite form of the adjective is required, and _strong_ should be _stronge_— ðe stróng | e gód | of ýs | raél || It has been noted that the first foot of a line sometimes consists of _one_ syllable only, and that one _accented_. By a bolder license, this is sometimes the case not only with the _first_ foot, but with _other_ feet, e.g. with the _third_ foot. Line 2572:— Q_u_an é | bru chíld | ſúld | be bóren || Again, with the _last_ foot, as in l. 3580, unless we read _duste_:— And ſtíred | it ál | to dúſt | ſir || Very many other curious variations occur, which the reader will probably observe for himself with some interest. Thus, in l. 60, just above cited, the question arises whether or not the _r_ in _werld_ was pronounced with so strong a _burr_ as to render the word _dissyllabic_, as is often the case in Scotch poetry with words containing _rl_, _rn_, etc. CONTRACTIONS USED IN THE GLOSSARY. A.S. Anglo-Saxon. Da. Danish. Du. Dutch. Allit. Poems, Early English Alliterative Poems (Ed. Morris). O.E. Old English. Prov. E. Provincial English. Fr. French. Fris. Frisian. Ger. German. Goth. Gothic. M.H.Ger. Middle High German. O.H.Ger. Old High German. Laȝ. Laȝamon's Brut (Ed. Sir F. Madden). Met. Hom. Metrical Homilies (Ed. Small). O.N. Old Norse. Orm. Ormulum. P. of C. Hampole's Pricke of Conscience (Ed. Morris). Prompt. Parv. Promptorium Parvulorum (Ed. Way). S.Sax. Semi-Saxon. Sw. Swedish. [1] My obligations to Mr Skeat (in whose accuracy and judgment I have the fullest confidence) are numerous; and I am indebted to him, among other obligations, for the description of the manuscript, and for some interesting remarks upon the metre of the poem. My thanks are also due to the Rev. J. R. Lumby, who most kindly and readily re-collated the text with the manuscript. [2] It is thus described—wrongly, of course, as to age—in the printed catalogue of the Corpus manuscripts:—"ccccxliv. A parchment book in 8vo., written in the xv. century, containing the history of Genesis and Exodus in Old English verse." [3] From lines 19-26 we might infer that our author intended to include in his song much more of the Bible narrative than we have in the present work. [4] Father, God of all things, Almighty Lord, highest of kings, Give thou me a propitious season (enable thou me successfully), to show this world's beginning, Thee, Lord God, to honour, whetherso I read or sing. [5] The following are the chief omissions:—1. Genesis, chapters ii. 10-14; ix. 20-27, x. 2-7, 10-32; xxiii. 3-20; xxx. 1-5, 14-16, 37-43; xxxi. 1-17; xxxvi.; xxxviii.; xlviii.; xlix. 1-27. 2. Exodus, chapters xii. 40-51; xiii. 1-16; xx. 20-26; xxi.; xxii.; xxiii.; xxv.; xxvi.; xxvii.; xxviii.; xxix.; xxx.; xxxi.; xxxiii. 12-23; xxxiv. 1-32; xxxv.; xxxvi.; xxxvii.; xxxviii.; xxxix.; xl. [6] Numbers, chapters xi.; xii.; xiii.; xiv.; xvi.; xvii.; xix.; xx.; xxi.; xxii.; xxiii.; xxiv.; xxv.; xxvi.; xxvii.; xxxi. Deut. xxxiv. [7] Natural marks? [8] MS. in-sile. [9] The Bestiary presents not only the same _grammatical_ and _verbal_ forms which distinguish the Genesis and Exodus from other Early English compositions, but also its _orthographical_ peculiarities, _e.g._ _ſ_ for _sch_; _ð_ for _th_; _g_ for _y_ and _ȝ_ (_gh_), etc. The editor assigns this poem to the _early_ part of the thirteenth century. [10] Warton assigned it to the reign of Henry II. or Richard I.; Sir F. Madden to the time of Henry III. (1216-1272). [11] Those employed (about _fifty_ altogether) are more or less technical—_aucter_, _auter_, _astronomige_, _arsmetrike_, _bigamie_, _bissop_, _crisme_, _charité_, _canticle_, _circumcis_, _corune_, _crune_, _desert_, _graunte_, _gruchede_, _holocaust_, _hostel_, _iurnee_, _iusted_ (allied), _lecherie_, _lepre_, _mount_, _mester_, _meister_, _neve_ (nephew), _offiz_, _pais_, _plente_, _pore_, _present_, _prest_, _pris_, _prisun_, _promissioun_, _prophet_, _roche_, _sacrede_, _scité_ (city), _spirit_, _spices_, _suriurn_ (sojourn), _swinacie_ (quinsy), _serue_, _seruice_, _ydeles_, _ydolatrie_. [12] Since writing the above I have printed for the Early English Text Society "Old English Homilies, 2nd Series," which are earlier than the Ormulum, and contain many East Midland peculiarities. "The Wooing of Our Lord" in Old English Homilies, 1st Series, contains some peculiarities of the West Midland dialect. [13] See Preface to O.E. Hom., 2nd Series. [14] It must be recollected that the Ormulum is much earlier than the Story of Genesis and Exodus. [15] See Ormulum, Introduction, p. lxxviii., note 105; lxxxi., note 112. [16] While agreeing with the editor of the Ormulum, that the simplicity of grammatical forms may fairly be considered as indicating a less artificial, and therefore advanced, stage of the language, I cannot adopt his theory, that "the strict rules of grammar" were therefore abandoned, and thereby was anticipated, to a certain extent, a later phraseology and structure; or that Orm, or any other O.E. writer, ever sacrificed "the more regular for a simpler, though more corrupt, structure and style." It must always be borne in mind that our earlier writers always speak of their language as English; but it was the English of the district in which they lived. In some districts, as in the Northumbrian, for instance, the language underwent certain changes at a very early period, which more Southern dialects did not adopt for more than a century afterwards: thus, in works of the 14th century, we find the Midland more archaic than the Northumbrian, and the Southern more archaic than either. Authors seeking to become popular would write in the dialect best understood by their readers, without considering whether it was simple or complex. Thus the Ayenbite of Inwyt (A.D. 1340), written for the men of Kent, contains far more of the older inflectional forms than the Ormulum of the twelfth century. [17] Southern writers before 1340 formed the g.s. of fem. nouns in _-e_ and not in _-es_. [18] In the Southern dialect the article had separate forms for the nominative fem. (_theo_, _tho_), and neuter (_thet_, _that_); the fem. gen. sing. (_thar_, _ther_), and the masc. acc. (_than_, _then_). [19] See Ormulum, Introduction, p. lxxviii., note 105. [20] _Sinden_, are, occurs in the Ormulum and the Bestiary, but is not employed in the present poem. [21] These forms occur in O.E. Hom., 2nd Series. [22] In O.E. Hom., 2nd Series, we find _hes_ = them. See Moral Ode, l. 186, O.E. Hom., 2nd Series: "wel diere he _hes_ bohte." [23] Robt. of Gloucester, Shoreham, Dan. Michel's Ayenbite of Inwyt. [24] Deep he _them_ buried under an oak. [25] For Solomon find _them_ shall. [26] He took _them_. [27] All his _footsteps_ after him he filleth, draweth dust with his tail where he steppeth, or dust or dew (moisture), that they are not able to find _them_. [28] I have in one case taken the liberty of separating the pronoun from the verb (for the convenience of the reader), giving the MS. reading in the margin; but I am sorry now that I did not let them stand as in the original copy. [29] _Mes_ = _me_ + _es_ = one, them, occurs in O. E. Hom., 2nd Series. [30] All _he them_ had (he had them all) with might begotten (obtained). [31] Undealt (undivided) _he them_ laid, whereso _he them_ brought. The dove hath habits good, All _we them_ ought to have in mind (_i.e._ we ought to have them all in mind). Bilhah two children bore by him, Rachel _called them_ Dan, Naphtali; And Zilpah two sons to him bore, Leah _called them_ Gad and Asher. [34] The tabernacle he _put them_ in. [35] He _set them_ in the firmament. [36] _ðei_ occurs _once_ only in the present poem, _þeȝȝr_, _þeȝȝm_, not at all; it occurs twice in O.E. Hom., 2nd Series. [37] Philolog. Soc. Proceedings, vol. i. pp. 73, 261. _Almigtin_, almighty, p. 2, l. 30, is the only _adjective_ I find with this termination. [38] The dative of the A.S. _bóc_ was _béc_. [39] _gebroðeren_ (A.S. _broðru_) occurs in the Semi-Sax. Gospels. [40] A.S. _cealfru_. [41] _cildru_. [42] _dura_. [43] _ægru_. [44] _handa_. [45] _cý_. [46] _lambru_. [47] _greiðe_ (prepare), _kipte_ (seized), _lit_ (stain), _liðe_ (listen), _mal_ (speech), _witterlike_ (truly), are found in Southern English, and may be the remains of the Anglian element in the A.Saxon. [48] Those marked * thus constantly occur in Northumbrian and Midland works (with Northern peculiarities) of the 14th century. [49] _fere_ occurs for _feren_, so _senwe_ = sinews (A.S. _sinu_, sing., _sina_, pl.). [50] As a rule fem. nouns, and nouns of the _n_ declension, take the inflexion _-es_; as, '_sinnes_ same' (sin's shame), '_sowles_ frame' (soul's profit), '_helles_ male' (hell's mail), '_werldes_ drof' (world's assembly). The Bestiary contains the following genitives in _-e_:—'_nese_ smel' (O.E. Miscell., p. 1), '_welle_ grund' (_Ib._, p. 3), '_kirke_ dure' (_Ib._, p. 6), '_soule_ drink' (_Ib._, p. 7), '_soule_ spuse' (_Ib._, p. 23), '_helle_ pine' (_Ib._, p. 24). [51] The forms in _-er_, _-est_, are properly adverbial and not adjectival. [52] _tigðe_ = _tithe_, tenth, occurs in l. 895, and _tigðes_ in l. 1628. [53] Orm uses the more Northern _ȝho_ (Northumbrian _sco_). [54] _get_ = she it: "al _get_ bit otwinne," she biteth it all in two (Bestiary, O.E. Miscell., p. 9). [55] See p. xix. [56] _ðei_ occurs but once only. [57] O.E. Hom., 2nd Series. [58] See pp. xix, xx. [59] See Preface to O.E. Hom., 2nd Series. [60] If _godes_ = god's, _seiden_ (pl.) may be an error for _seide_ (sing.), and _hem_ will then = _he_ + _hem_, he them. [61] Chaucer constantly uses _men_ with a _verb_ in the _singular_ number, third person. See Notes and Queries for Feb. 8th, 1873, where I have shown that the West-Midland substituted _men_ for the Southern _me_. [62] The genitive and possessive are denoted by one form; as, _ure_, of us; _gure_, of you; _here_, of them. [63] Because elided in these cases. [64] The Bestiary is far more accurate in this respect. [65] _gangande_ rhymes with _standen_ (O.E. Miscell., p. 21, ll. 654, 655). [66] This form is used when the pronoun follows. [67] _Followed_ by the pronoun. [68] The second person of irregular verbs (pret.) does not occur in the poem. In the Ormulum the inflection is _-e_, which is occasionally dropped. [69] These forms do not occur in the poem. [70] _Sinden_ = are, occurs in the Bestiary and the Ormulum. _Sinde_ and _senden_ in O.E. Hom., 2nd Series. THE STORY OF GENESIS AND EXODUS, ETC. Man ought to love those who instruct the lewd, MAn og to luuen ðat rimes ren, ðe Wiſſeð wel ðe logede men, hu man may him wel loken so that he who is not book-learned may love and serve God. ðog he ne be lered on no boken, 4 Luuen god and ſeruen him ay, For he it hem wel gelden may, And to alle criſtenei men God shall love all Christian men, and give them soul-rest beren paiſ and luue bi-twen; 8 ðan ſal him almighti_n_ luuen, Her bi-neðen and ðund[71] abuuen, And giuen him bliſſe and ſoules reſte[n] that shall last evermore. ðat him ſal earuermor[72] leſten. 12 Out of Latin is this song turned into English speech. Ut of latin ðis ſong is dragen on engleis ſpeche, on ſoðe ſagen; Christian men ought to be as glad as birds are of dawn to hear the story Cristene men ogen ben ſo fagen ſo fueles arn q_u_an he it ſen dagen, 16 ðan man hem telled soðe tale Wid[73] londes ſpeche and wordes ſmale, of man's bliss and sorrow, Of bliſſes dune, of ſorwes dale; Q_u_hu lucifer, ðat deuel dwale, 20 [Brogte mankinde in sinne and bale] and how salvation came through Christ, And held hem ſperd in helles male til god ſrid him in manliched, dede mankinde bote and red, 24 and destroyed the power of Satan. And unſpered al ðe fendes ſped, And halp ðor he ſag mikel ned. [71] _read_ gund? [72] So in MS. [73] _read_ wið GOD MADE HEAVEN AND EARTH BY HIS WORD. Biddi[74] hic ſingen no_n_ oðer led, ðog[75] hic folgen idel-hed. 28 [Fol. 1b.] Father, God of all things, FAder god of alle ðhinge, Almigtin louerd, hegeſt kinge, enable thou me to sing this world's creation, ðu giue me ſeli timinge To thaunen ðis werdes biginninge, 32 ðe, leuerd god, to wurðinge, Queðer ſo hic rede or ſinge! wrought with wit, wisdom, and good love. Wit, and wisdam, and luue godd, And fer ear biðohte al in his modd, 36 In the Creator's wisdom was all devised ere it came into being. In his wiſdom was al biðogt Ear ðanne it was on werlde brogt. In firme bigini[n]g, of nogt Heaven and earth were wrought when God bad exist time and place. Was heuene and erðe ſamen wrogt; 40 ðo bad god wurðen ſtund and ſtede, ðis middes werld ðor-inne[76] he dede, First all was night. Al was ðat firme ðroſing in nigt, Til he wit hiſe word made ligt; 44 Light came by God's word, that is, His Son. Of hiſe word, ðu wiſſike mune, Hiſe word, ðat is, hiſe wiſe ſune, ðe was of hin fer ear bi-foren He existed long before time. Or ani werldes time boren; 48 And of hem two ðat leue luuen, These two rule all things with wisdom. ðe welden al her and abuuen, ðat heli luue, ða[t] wiſe wil, ðat weldet alle ðinge wit rigt and [ſ]kil; 52 In the Godhead there are three persons of one counsel and might. Migt bat wit word wurðen ligt, (Hali froure welt oc ðat migt; [Fol. 2.] for ðhre p_er_ſones and on reed, On migt and on godfulhed.) 56 Light came at the divine command. ðo ſo wurð ligt ſo god it bad, fro ðiſterneſſe o ſunde[r] ſad; Then was the first morning time that ever sprang in the world. ðat waſ ðe firme morgen tid, ðat euere ſprong in werld[e] wid. 60 [74] _read_ bidde [75] 'may' is inserted between 'ðog' and 'hic' in a later hand. [76] MS. īme. THE DEVIL'S FALL FROM HEAVEN. THE FIRST LIGHT DAWNS. With that light were angels made, wid ðat ligt worn angles wrogt, And in-to newe heuene brogt, and brought into a new heaven. ðat iſ ouer dis[77] walkenes turn, God hem q_u_uad ðor ſeli ſuriurn; 64 Some for pride fell thence into nether darkness. Su_m_me for pride fellen ðeðen, In-to ðis ðhiſterneſſe her bi-neðen; Pride turned angels into devils, who became the source of every sorrow, bale, and woe. Pride made angel deuel dwale, ðat made ilc ſorge, and eu_er_ilc bale, 68 And eu_er_ilc wunder, and eu_er_ilc wo, ðat iſ, or ſal ben euere mo. The devil was made on the Sunday and fell out on the Monday. He was mad on ðe ſunedai, He fel out on ðe munendai; 72 (ðis ik wort in ebriſſe wen, He witen ðe ſoðe ðat iſ ſen.) Forth glided the first light, and afterwards the first night. forð glod ðat firme [dais] ligt, And after glod ðat firme nigt; 76 The dawning came again. ðe daigening cam eſt[78] a-gon, Thus in the welkin's course comes day and night "of twenty-four hours right." His firme kinde dei was a-gon, On walkenes turn wid dai and nigt Of foure and twenti time rigt; 80 [Fol. 2b.] ðes frenkis men o france moal, it nemnen "un iur natural;" So ever came the day first, And eu_er_e gede ðe dai biforn, ſiðen ðat newe werld was boren, 84 till Christ brought his saints from hell. Til ih_esus_ criſt fro helle nam, Hiſ quemed wid[79] eue and adam; From that time we ever reckon first the night and then the day. fro ðat time we tellen ay, Or ðe nigt and after ðe day, 88 For God led them from Hell's might into Paradise's bright light. for god ledde hem fro helle nigt to paradises leue ligt; ðo gan hem dagen wel iwiſſe, Quan god hem ledde in-to bliſſe. 92 On the second day the earth was enclosed by the firmament, On an oðer dai ðiſ middel-erd, waſ al luken and a-buten ſperd; ðo god bad ben ðe firmament, Al abuten ðis walkne ſent, 96 [77] _read_ ðis [78] _read_ eft [79] _read_ wið THE HEAVENS AND THE EARTH ARE PARTED. by frozen waters and wall of ice. Of watres froren, of yſeſ wal, ðis middel werld it luket al;— No fire has ever yet melted this ice. May no fir get melten ðat yſ; He ðe it made iſ migtful and wis,— 100 This enclosure may be called Heaven-roof. It mai ben hoten heuene-Rof; It hiled[80] al ðis werldes drof, And fier, and walkne, and water, and lond, Al iſ bi-luken in godes hond, 104 It shall last until Doomsday. Til domeſ-dai ne ſal it troken. Al middel-erd ðer-inne is loken, [Fol. 3.] watres ben her ðer-under ſuuen, And watres ðor a-buuen; 108 Above this is another heaven full of bliss and life. And ouer ðat ſo ful i-wis, An oðer heuene ful o blis, And ful o lif ðe leſted oo, wo may him ben ðe fel ðor-fro. 112 Thus passed this second day's night. Forð glod ðis oðer daiſ nigt, ðo cam ðe ðridde dais ligt: Then came the third day's light. ðe ðridde dai, ſo god it bad, Water and earth became separated. was water and erðe o ſunder ſad; 116 God bi-q_u_uad watres here ſtede, The earth did bring forth grass, herb, and fruit tree. And erðe brimen and beren dede; Ilk gres, ilc wurt, ilc birðheltre, Hiſ owen ſed beren bad he; 120 Thus was earth made mother of wealth. Of euerilc ougt, of eu_er_ilc ſed, Waſ erðe mad moder of ſped. ðe ðridde dai was al ðis wrogt, And erðes fodme on werldes brogt; 124 An eu_er_ilc fodme his kinde q_u_uemeðen. Then was all fair here below. ðo was it her fair bi-neðen, God saw that it was so, and blessed it. God ſag his ſafte fair and good, And bliſcede it wid[81] milde mood. 128 Then came the fourth day's light, and Might made the sun and moon and each bright star. Forð glod ðis ðridde daiſ nigt, ðo cam ðe ferðe daiſ ligt. ðe ferðe dai made migt Sunne, and mone, and ilc ſterre brigt, 132 [80] _read_ hileð [81] _read_ wið THE STARS ARE SET, AND FOWL AND FISH ARE MADE. [Fol. 3b.] walknes wurði_n_ge, and erdes frame, He knowned[82] one ilc ſterre name, God set them in the firmament. He ſettes in ðe firmament, He let them be Al abuten ðis walkne went; 136 ðe ſeuene he bad on fligte faren, for signs and for seasons. And toknes ben, and times garen. Sun and moon are the greatest of all these tokens. Sunne and mone ðe moſte ben Of alle ðe toknes ðat men her ſen; 140 The moon is greater than the earth. ðe mone iſ more bi mannes tale, ðan al ðis erðe in werldes dale; The sun's brightness is greater than the moon's light. And egeſt ſwilc ðe ſunnes brigt, Iſ more ðanne ðe mones ligt. 144 The moon's light is the measure of a month. ðe mones ligt is moneð met, ðor-after iſ ðe ſunne ſet; In the equinox was it made. In geuelengðhe worn it mad, In Reke-fille, on ſunder ſhad; 148 Two equinoxes and two solstices are in the year. Two geuelengðhes timen her, And two ſolſtices i_n_ ðe ger. In four parts the year is divided, each part being of three months. On four doles delen he ðe ger, ilc dole of moneð ðhre; 152 Euere ſchinen ðo toknes brigt, And often giuen iſ on erðe ligt; wel wurðe his migt lefful ay, ðe wroutis on ðe ferðe day! 156 Forð glod ðis ferðe daiſ nigt, ðo cam ðe fifte dais ligt; On the fifth day, God made of water each fowl and fish, [Fol. 4.] ðe fifte day god made ywis of water, ilc fuel and eru_er_ilc[83] fiſ, 160 And tagte fuel on walkene his fligt, Ilc fiſ on water his flotes migt, and bad them multiply. And bliſced he_m_, and bad hem ðen And tuderande on werld[e] ben. 164 This fifth day took its flight, Ðiſ fifte dai held forð his fligt, And forð endede ðat fifte nigt; and on the sixth day God made all cattle, reptiles, and wild deer (beasts). And [cam] ðe ſexte dais ligt, So made god wid[84] witter migt, 168 [82] _read_ knoweð [83] So in MS. [84] _read_ wið CATTLE ARE MADE FOR MAN'S SERVICE. ADAM IS CREATED. Al erue, and wrim, and wilde der, Qwel[85] man mai ſen on werlde her. God knew that Adam would sin, God ſag bi-fore quat after cam, ðat ſingen ſulde firme adam, 172 And him to fremen and do[86] frame, so He made tame cattle to help him in his labour and to give him food and clothing. He made on werlde al erue tame, ðe ſulde him her, in ſwinkes ſtrif, to fode, and ſrud, to helpen ðe lif; 176 And him to pine, and loar her, God made the wild deer to trouble man with sorrow and dread and cause him to moan his sinfulness. God made wirme _and_ wilde der. He pine man wid[87] ſorwe and dred, And don hem[88] monen hiſ ſinfulhed, 180 ðat iſ him loar quan he ſeð, ðan he for ſinne i_n_ ſorwe beð. Each kind of cattle, reptile, and beast was made of earth. Ilk kinnes erf, and wrim, and der Was mad of erðe on werlde her, 184 [Fol. 4b.] All were good while Adam was pure. And eu_er_ilc on in kinde good, ðor quiles ada_m_ fro ſinne ſtod; But reptiles and wild beasts hurt man as soon as he became sinful. Oc der and wrim it deren man fro ðan ðat he ſingen bi-gan; 188 In ðe moſte and i_n_ ðe leſte he forleſ Hiſ lou_er_d-hed[89] q_u_uanne he miſ-cheſ; Lions and bears tear him in pieces. Leunes and beres him wile to-dragen, Flies have no awe of him. And fleges ſen on him non agen; 192 Hadde he wel loked him wið ſkil, Ilc beſte ſulde don hiſ wil; Cattle help him through God's mercy. Erf helpeð him ðurg godes með, Hiſ lordehed[90] ðor-onne he ſeð. 196 And for hiſe ſinne oc he to munen, ðat moſte and leiſte hi_m_ ben binumen. On this sixth day God made Adam of earth, Ðiſ ſexte dai god made Adam, And his licham of erðe he nam, 200 and blew into his body a "life's blast," And blew ðor-in a liues blaſt, "a likeness of His Holy Ghost, A likneſſe of his hali gaſt, [85] qwilc? [86] to? [87] _read_ wið [88] him? [89] louerd-hel in MS. [90] _read_ louerd-hed OF PARADISE AND THE CREATION OF EVE. a spirit full of wit and skill." A ſpirit ful of wit and ſckil; ðor quiles it folgede heli wil, 204 God ſelf ðor quile liket iſ, An un-liſ q_u_uanne it wile miſ. In Damascus field Adam was made. [I]N feld damaske adam was mad, And ðeðen fer on londe ſad; 208 God bore him into Paradise, an abode full of sweet bliss. God bar him in-to paradiſ, An erd al ful of ſwete bliſ; [Fol. 5.] fol wel he wid[91] him ðor dede, He intrusted to him all that pleasant place. bi-tagte him al ðat mirie ſtede; 212 Oc an bodeword ðer he hi_m_ forbed, if he wulde him ſilden fro ðe ded, But forbad him to touch the fruit which taught "weal and woe." ðat he ſulde him ðer loken fro A fruit, ðe kenned wel and wo, 216 Dead should he be if he broke this command. And hiegt him ded he ſulde ben If he ðat bode-word ne gunne flen. God brought all beasts of the earth, fowl, and fish unto Adam, God brogt ada_m_ ðor bi-forn Ilc kinnes beſte of erðe boren, 220 and fugel, an fiſ, wilde and tame, who gave to each a name. ðor gaf adam ilc here iſ name; Ne was ðor non lik adam. God caused a sleep to come upon Adam, and in that sleep he saw much that should hereafter be. God dede dat[92] he on ſweuene cam, 224 And in ðat ſweuene he let him ſen Mikel ðat after ſulde ben. Out of his side God took a rib, and out of it made a woman. Ut of his ſide he toc a rib, And made a wimman him ful ſib, 228 And heled him ðat ſide wel ðat it ne wrocte him neu_er_e a del. Adam awoke and saw his wife. Adam abraid, and ſag ðat wif, Name he gaf hire dat[93] iſ ful Rif; 232 Issa was her first name, Iſſa waſ hire firſte name, ðor-of ðurte hire ðinken no ſame; because she was made of man. Mayden, for ſche was mad of man, Hire firſt name ðor bi-gan; 236 After she brought us to woe Adam called her Eva. [Fol. 5b.] Siðen ghe brocte us to woa, Adam gaf hire name eua. [91] _read_ wið [92] _read_ ðat [93] _read_ ðat THE SEVENTH DAY IS MADE A DAY OF REST. Adden he folged godes red, Al man-kin adde ſeli ſped; 240 For sin they lost the bliss of Paradise. for ſinne he ðat bliſſe for-loren, ðat derede al ðat of hem was boren; It is her-after in ðe ſong, Hu adam fel in pine ſtrong. 244 The sixth day passed and Forð glod ðiſ ſexte dais lig[t], After glod ðe ſexte nig[t]; the seventh morning sprung. That day betokened long rest. ðe ſeuendai morgen ſpro[_n_]g, ðat dai tokenede reſte lo_n_g; 248 ðis dai waſ forð i_n_ reſte wrogt, Ilc kinde newes ear waſ brog[t]; God ordained this day a day of bliss and rest. God ſette ðis dai folk bitwen, Dai of bliſſe and off reſte ben, 252 for ðat time ear fear bi-forn, So it remained until Christ rose from the cold rock. Til ihesus was on werlde boren, And til he was on ðe rode-wold, And biried in ðe roche cold. 256 And reſtede him after ðe ded, ðat ilke dai god aligen bed. Then the Sunday from that time forth became hallowed for ever. Siðen for-leſ ðat dai iſ priſ, for ih_esus_,[94] god and man ſo wis, 260 Roſ fro ded on ðe ſunenday, [Fol. 6.] ðat is forð ſiðen worðed ay; So shall it remain until Doomsday. And it ſal ben ðe laſte tid, Quan al man-kinde, on werlde wid, 264 Sal ben fro dede to liue brogt, And ſeli ſad fro ðe forwrogt, An ben don in bliſſe and in lif, fro ſwinc, and ſorwe, and deades ſtrif. 268 Wisdom made each thing of nought. Wiſdom ðe made ilc ðing of nogt, q_u_uat-ſo-eu_er_e on heuone or her iſ wrogt. Lucifer waxed proud, Ligber he ſridde a dere ſrud, An he wurðe in him-ſeluen prud, 272 and with that pride came envy. An wid ðat p_ri_de him wex a nyð, ðat iwel weldeð al his ſið; [94] MS. ihc. LUCIFER IS CAST INTO HELL, AND THERE PLOTS MAN'S FALL. ðo ne migte he non lou_er_d ðhauen, ðat him ſulde ðhinge grauen:[95] 276 "My flight," he says, "I will up take, "Min fligt," he ſeide, "ic wile up-taken, and make my seat north of heaven, and therein will I sit and see all things. Min ſete norð on heuene maken, And ðor ic wile ſitten and ſen Al ðe ðhinges ðe in wer[l]de ben, 280 Twen heuone hil and helle dik, And ben min lou_er_d geuelic." Then became he dragon that ere was knight; ðo wurð he drake ðat ear was knigt, ðo wurð he mirc ðat ear was ligt, 284 all that held with him became dark, dim, and black, And eu_er_ilc on ðat helden wid[96] him, ðo wurðen mirc, and ſwart, and dim, and fell out of heaven's light. And fellen ut of heuones ligt In-to ðis middil walknes nigt; 288 [Fol. 6b.] Yet would Satan not cease to commit sin. And get ne kuðe he nogt blinne for to don an oðer ſinne. He saw Adam and Eve in Paradise in great bliss and honour. Eſten[97] he ſag in paradiſ Adam and eue i_n_ mike[l] p_ri_ſ, 292 Newelike he was of erðe wrogt, And to ðat mirie bliſſe brogt; How may it be, thought he, that Adam is king and Eve queen of all things in the world, ðowgte ðis q_u_ead, "hu ma it ben, Adam ben king and eue q_u_uen 296 Of alle ðe ðinge i_n_ werlde ben. Hu mai it hauen, hu mai it ſen, Of fiſ, of fugel, of wrim, of der, Of alle ðhinge ðe wunen her, 300 Eu_er_ilc ðhing haued he geue name, while I am in sorrow, scathe, and shame. Me to ſorge, ſcaðe, and ſame; for ada_m_ ſul ðus and his wif In bliſſe ðus leden leſteful lif; 304 for alle ðo, ðe of hem ſule cumen, Evermore shall they remain in bliss, ſulen ermor i_n_ bliſſe wunen, And we ðe ben fro heuene driuen, while we must live in sorrow. Yet I think I know of a plan to bring them into sin. ſulen ðuſſe one in ſorwe liuen; 308 Get ic wene I can a red, ðat hem ſal bringen iwel ſped; [95] _read_ þrauen? [96] _read_ wið [97] _read_ eften EVE AND ADAM EAT THE FORBIDDEN FRUIT. For if they do what God forbiddeth they shall die. for gef he don ðad[98] god for-bead, ðat ſal hem bringen to ðo dead, 312 This I will without delay bring about to-day. And ſal get ðis ilke dai, ðor buten hunte if ic mai [Fol. 7.] I think that Eve and I shall deprive Adam of his life." Ic wene ðat ic and eue hiſe wif ſulen adam bilirten of hiſe lif. 316 Ic wene ðat ic and eue ſulen alle is bliſſe dreue." Thus he thought, and up he went, and to the earth he came. Ðus he ðhogte, and up he ſteg, And eſten[99] til dat[100] erð he teg, 320 He went into a "worm" and told Eve a tale. Wente in to a wirme, and tolde eue a tale; And ſenkede hire hure aldre bale. "Eve," he said, "what meaneth it that a tree is forbidden you, "Eue," ſeide he, ðat neddre bold, "Quat oget nu ðat for-bode o-wold, 324 ðat a tre gu forboden is, a tree that surpasses all others, ðat ouer alle oðre bered p_ri_s? for iſ fruit ſired mannes mood, which shall teach you evil and good, To witen boðen iwel and good, 328 Sone ge it ðor-of hauen eten, Al ge it ſulen witent[101] and nogt forgeten, and make you as wise as those who dwell above in heaven?" And ben ſo wiſe alle euene So ðo ðe wunen a-buuen i_n_ heuone." 332 When Eve saw that it was fair to the sight and soft to the hand, Ðanne ðogte eue on hire mod, ðanne iſ tiſ fruit wel ſwiðe good, fair on ſigðhe and ſofte on hond, Of ðiſ fruit wile ic hauen fond. 336 she ate thereof, and took some and brought it to Adam. Su_m_ ghe ðer at, and ſu_m_ ghe nam, And bar it to her fere adam; So manie times ghe him ſcroðt, [Fol. 7b.] Q_u_eðer so him was lef or loðt, 340 for to forðen iſ fendes wil, He ate that fruit and did foolishly. At he dat[100] fruit, and dede unskil; Sone it was under breſt numen; Then death's two bonds came upon them. Dedes two bondes on hem ben comen; 344 [98] _read_ ðat [99] _read_ eften [100] _read_ ðat [101] witen? GOD'S CURSE ON ADAM AND EVE, AND THE ADDER. Vn-buxumhed he hauen hem don, Vn-buxu_m_hed iſ hem cumen on; Weakness and sorrow troubled their limbs. Vn-welde woren and in win, Here owen limes he_m_ wið-in. 348 They were ashamed of their nakedness, fleſſes fremeðe and ſafte ſame boðen he felten on here lichame; ðo gunen he ſame ſriden, and shrouded themselves in leaves. And limes in leues hiden. 352 Nu wot adam ſum-del o wo, Her-after ſal he leren mo. After this deed a voice came, saying, "Where art thou, Adam?" Quoth Adam, "I am naked, and hid myself." After ðiſ dede a ſteuone cam, "ðu, nu, q_u_or art, adam, adam?" 356 "Lou_er_d, q_u_at ſame iſ me bi-tid, for ic am naked and haue me hid?" "Quo ſeide ðe dat gu[102] wer[e] naked; ðu haues ðe ſorges ſigðhe waked, 360 Then said God, "Because thou hast broken my command, for ðhu min bode-word haues broken, ðhu ſalt ben ut in ſorge luken, thou shalt till thy meat with toil, and eat thy bread with sweat and tears, In ſwinc ðu ſalt tilen ði mete[n], ðin bred wid ſwotes t_e_res eten, 364 until thou come again to the earth. Til gu[102] beas eft in to erðe cumen, Q_u_er-of gu[102] beaſ to manne numen; [Fol. 8] Woman shall be under man, and have sorrow in every birth. And wif ſal under were wunen, In heu_er_ilc birðhe ſorge numen; 368 The adder shall glide on his breast and eat earth. And niðful neddre, loð an liðer, ſal gliden on hiſe breſt neðer And erðe freten wile he mai liuen, Poison shall cleave to his tongue. And atter on is tunge cliuen; 372 Envy, strife, hate, and shame shall be between the adder and the woman." And nið, and ſtrif, and ate, and ſan, Sal ben bi-twen neddre and wi_m_man; And get ſal wi_m_man ou_er_cumen, His heued under fote bi-numen." 376 Two pilches the angels wrought for Adam and Eve, Two pilches weren ðurg engeles wrogt, And to adam and to eue brogt, so that their shame might be hid. ðor-wið he ben nu boðen ſrid, And here ſame ſumdel is hid. 380 [102] _read_ ðu? EVE BEGETS CAIN AND ABEL, AND OTHER CHILDREN. They were turned out of Paradise. He ben don ut of paradiſ, ðat erd al ful of ſwete bliſ; He ben don ut of bliſſes erd, Cherubim closed the gates. Cherubin hauet ðe gateſ ſperd; 384 Never shall they be undone till Christ is crucified. Ne ſulen it neu_er_e ben un-don, Til ih_esus_ beð on Rode don; Ne ſulen it neu_er_more ben opened, Til ih_esus_ beð on rode dead. 388 Thus Adam and Eve became acquainted with sorrow and care. Iff mikel is ſorge, and more care, Ada_m_ and eue it wite ful gare; Of paradiſ hem ðinkeð ſwem, [Fol. 8b.] Evil and death troubled them. They thought that they must never look upon one another. Of iwel and dead hem ſtondeð greim. 392 On ſundri ðhenken he to ben, And neiðere on oðer ſen, Til angel brogte ada_m_ bode, Message came from God, bodeword and tiding fro gode:— 396 "Adam, know Eve, thy wife, and live together. "Adam, ðhu knowe eue ðin wif, And leded ſamen gunker lif; Some that shall be born of you shall come to bliss, others shall be in sorrow after their death. Su_m_me ſulen of gu to kumen, Sulen ben in to reſte numen; 400 Su_m_me ſulen folwen fendes red, And ben in ſorwe after ðe dead; And get ſal godeſ dere ſune God's dear Son shall bring man again into Paradise." In gure kin i_n_ werlde wunen, 404 And he ſal bringen man a-gen In paradiſ to wunen and ben." These tidings partly softened Adam's sorry mood. Swilc tiding ðhugte ada_m_ god, And ſumdel quemeð it his ſeri mood. 408 Ðiſ angel is to heuone numen, Adam and Eve lived together. And adam iſ to eue cumen, More for erneſte dan[103] for gamen; Adam and eue wunen ſamen, 412 Children had they, many more than Genesis tells of. And hadden childre manige i-wiſ, Mo ðan of telleð de geneſis; After fifteen years Cain was born, for fiftene ger hadde adam, ðan caim of eue cam, 416 [103] _read_ ðan CAIN BUILDS ENO. LAMECH BEGINS BIGAMY. and afterwards Eve bore righteous Abel. And oðer fiftene al-ſwilc ſel, Quane eue bar rigt-wiſe abel.[104] [Fol. 9.] Abel was a hundred years old when he was slain by his brother. Abel an hundred ger waſ hold, ðan he was of iſ broðer wold; 420 An hundred ger after iſ dead, After this Adam from Eve in shrift abode one hundred years. Adam fro eue in ſrifte abead. To hundred ger and .xxx.^{ti} mo was adam hold and eue ðo, 424 Seth was born when Adam was 230 years old. ðan bor ghe ſeht in ðe ſtede Of caym ðat abel for-dede; Or or midleſt, or after ðo Bar eue of ada_m_ manige moo. 428 Cain fled from his home and became an outlaw. Ðor quiles ðat adam ſorge dreg for abel, caym fro him fleg, wið wif and hagte, and wurð ut-lage, wið dead him ſtood hinke and age. 432 He chose an abode near Eden. He ches a ſtede toward eden, And to him[105] ſameden oðer men, He built a city, Enoch by name. wallede a burg, e-no bi name; Theft and robbery was no sin to him; many foes he made. ðeft and reflac ðhugte hi_m_ no ſame, 436 for ðat he made hi_m_ manige fon, ðor he ðhogte he ſtonden agon. Measure of corn, weight of goods, division of land, taught he first. Met of corn, and wigte of fe, And merke of felde, first fond he. 440 Tellen ic wile ſo birðe bad, Ada_m_, caym, enos, iraab, Malaleel, matusale; Lamech is at ðe sexte kne, 444 [Fol. 9b.] The seventh man after Adam, of Cain's kind, was Lamech. ðe ſeuende man after adam, ðat of caymes kinde cam. ðiſ lamech waſ ðe firme man, He first began bigamy. ðe bigamie firſt bi-gan. 448 Bigamie is unkinde ðing, On engleis tale, twie-wifing; [104] At the bottom of fol. 8b is the catchword—Abel a hundred. [105] _him_ is by a later hand. LAMECH KILLS CAIN AND HIS OWN SERVANT. for ai was rigt and kire bi-forn, On man, on wiſ, til he was boren. 452 Two wives he took—Adah and Zillah. Lamech him two wifes nam, On adda, an noðer wif ſellam. Adah bare Jabal. Adda bar him ſune Iobal, He was a cunning shepherd. He was hirde witt_er_e and wal; 456 Of merke, and kinde, and helde, & ble, He taught separation and assembling. ſundring and ſameni[n]g tagte he; Jubal, his brother, wise in song and glee, Iobal iſ broðer ſong and glew, Wit of muſike, wel he knew; 460 wrote on tile and brass. On two tableſ of tigel and braſ wrot he ðat wiſtom, wiſ he was, ðat it ne ſulde ben undon If fier or water come ðor-on. 464 Zillah bare Tubal, a mighty smith. Sella wuneð oc lamech wið, ghe bar tubal, a ſellic ſmið; Iron, gold, silver, and brass he well knew how to separate and to mix. Of irin, of golde, ſiluer, and bras To ſundren and mengen wiſ he was; 468 He was skilled in making weapons of war and household tools. Wopen of wigte and tol of grið, wel cuðe [106]egte and ſafgte[106] wið. [Fol. 10.] Lamech ledde long lif til ðan Lamech at last became blind. He had a man to lead him to the woods in search of wild deer. ðat he wurð biſne, and haued a man 472 ðat ledde him ofte wudes ner, To ſcheten after ðe wilde der; Al-so he miſtagte, alſo he ſchet, And caim in ðe wude iſ let; 476 The knave mistook Cain for a deer. His knape wende it were a der, An lamech droge iſ arwe ner, Lamech let fly an arrow, And letet flegen of ðe ſtre_n_g, Caim u_n_warde it under-feng, 480 which struck Cain and killed him. Gruſnede, and ſtrekede, and ſtarf wið-ðan. Lamech wið wreðe iſ knape nam, Lamech beat and slew his servant. Vn-bente iſ boge, and bet, and slog, Til he fel dun on dedeſ ſwog. 484 Thus was he guilty of twi-wiving and twin-slaughter. Twin-wifing ant twin-manſlagt Of his ſoule beð mikel hagt. [106] _read_ fegte and sagte? OF SETH, ENOCH, METHUSELAH, AND NOAH. Of his death we know nothing. Of hiſe endinge ne wot ic nogt, oc of iſ kinde woren brogt 488 His descendants were all destroyed by Noah's flood. On werlde ſeue and ſeuenti ðhuſant men, Or or flum noe ſpredde hiſ fen; Queðer ſo it ðhogte hem iuel or good, Alle he drinkilden i_n_ ðat flood. 492 Of Seth came Enos, who was prayerful and God-fearing. Of ſeth, ðe waſ adam-iſ ſune, cam enos; he gan ali wune Of bedes, and of godefrigtihed, for liues helpe and ſoules red. 496 [Fol. 10b.] Ic wile rigt tellen, if ic can, God took Enoch to Himself, Adam, ſeth, enos, caynan, Malaleel, iareth, enoch, for alied[107] god ſelf him toch 500 fro ma_n_nes mene i_n_ to ðat ſtede ðat adam forles for iuel dede; to dwell with Him in Paradise. get liueð enoch wið-vten ſtrif, In paradiſ in ſwete lif; 504 Enoch shall come before Doomsday to turn the Jews to Christ. Get he ſal cumen or domeſ-day, And wenden iewes, if he may, To ðe witteneſſe of ieſus criſt, And tholen dead vnder a_n_tecrist; 508 Siðen ſal antecriſt ben ſlagen, And man and angeles wurðen fagen. chirches ben wurſiped mor and mor, And fendes dregen ſorge and ſor. 512 Before Enoch went from the world Methuselah was born. Or enoch wente [fro] werldes wune, Matuſale waſ boren iſ ſune, Lamech came of Methuselah. And lamech of matuſale, Lamech begat Noah. And of lamech rigt-wiſe noe. 516 Methodius, holy martyr, knew much of this world's beginning, middle, and ending. Metodius, ali martyr, Adde in his herte ſighe[108] ſir; Alſo he god adde ofte bi-ſogte, Wiſlike was him in herte brogt 520 ðis midelerdes biginni_n_g, And middel-hed, and iſ ending; [107] _read_ halihed [108] _read_ sigðhe OF THE WORLD'S CORRUPTION AND NOAH'S FLOOD. [Fol. 11.] He wrote a book, well known to many. He wrot a boc dat manige witen, Manige tiding ðor-on iſ writen; 524 ðor iſ writen q_u_at agte awold, dat[109] ðiſ werld waſ wat_er_ wold. Fif hundred ger of ðat ðuſent ðat mankin was on werlde ſent, 528 Cain's kind wrought against law. Caymes ſunes wrogten vn-lage, Wið breðere wifes hore-plage; And on ðe ſexte hundred ger Women waxed evil, unchaste, and unnatural. Wimmen welten wereſ meſter, 532 And ſwilc woded wenten[110] on, Golhed hunkinde he gunnen don; And ðe fifte hundred ger, Men began to addict themselves to wretched practices. wapmen bi-gu_n_nen q_u_ad meſter, 536 bi-twen hem-ſeluen hun-wreſte plage, A ðefis kinde, a-genes lage. Two hundred ger after ðo wunes, Seth's sons made marriages contrary to Adam's commands. Mis-wiuen he_m_ gu_n_nen ſeðes ſunes, 540 Agenes ðat adam for-bead, And leten godeſ frigti-hed; They chose wives of Cain's seed, and mixed with the accursed kind. He choſen hem wiwes of caym, And mengten wið waried kin; 544 Of hem woren ðe getenes boren, Of them were giants born who wrought many evils. Migti men, and figti, [and] for-loren; He wrogten manige [sinne] and bale, Of ðat migt [nu] is litel tale; 548 [Fol. 11b.] for ðat he god ne luueden nogt, ðat migt iſ al to ſorge brogt; For their great sin there came wrath and vengeance upon the world. for ſwilc ſinful dedes ſake, ſo cam on werlde wreche and wrake 552 for to bliſſen ſwilc ſinnes ſame, ðat it ne wexe at more hu_n_-frame. A flood drowned man and beast. Ðo wex a flod ðis werlde wid-hin, and [o]uer-flowged men & deres kin, 556 Noah and his family were saved in an ark. wið-vten noe and hise ðre ſunen, Sem, Cam, Iaphet, if we rigt munen, [109] _read_ ðat [110] wentem MS. THE BUILDING OF THE ARK. THE FLOOD. And here foure wifes woren he_m_ wið; ðise .viij. hadden i_n_ ðe arche grið.[111] 560 The ark was a good vessel. Ðat arche was a feteles good, ſet and limed a-gen ðe flood; Three hundred ells was it long, ðhre hundred elne waſ it long, Naild and ſperd, ðig and ſtrong, 564 fifty wide, and thirty high. And .l.^{ti} elne wid, and .xxx.^{ti} heg; ðor buten noe (.) long ſwing he dreg, A hundred winters was Noah in building it. An hundred winter, eu_er_ilc del, welken or it was ended wel; 568 Of alle der ðe on werlde wunen, And foueles weren ðer-inne cume_n_ Clean animals entered the ark by seven and seven, unclean by two and two. Bi ſeuene and ſeuene, or bi two & two, Al-migti_n_ god him bad it ſo, 572 And mete q_u_orbi ðei migte_n_ liuen, ðor q_u_iles he woren on water driuen. [Fol. 12.] Six hundred years old was Noah when he entered the ark. Sexe hundred ger noe was hold Quan he dede him in ðe arche-wold; 576 Two ðhuſant ger, ſex hundred mo, And ſex and fifti forð to ðo, weren of werldes elde numen ðan noe waſ in to ðe arche cumen. 580 The water springs undid their strength. Rain poured down on every place. Ilc wat_er_eſ ſpr_i_nge here ſtrengðe undede, And Reyn gette dun on eu_er_ilk ſtede fowerti daiſ and fowerti nigt, So wex wat_er_ wið magti migt; 584 So wunderlike it wex & get Fifteen ells it overflowed, over every hill and vale. ðat fiftene elne it ouer-flet, Ouer ilk dune, and ou_er_ ilc hil, ðhurge godes migt and godes wil; 588 And oðer fowerti ðore-to, Daiſ and nigtes ſtodet ſo; Then was all flesh destroyed. ðo waſ ilc fleiſ on wer[l]de ſlagen, ðo gu_n_nen ðe wat_er_es hem wið-dragen. 592 [111] _At the end of the line in the margin_ 'Se archa Nœe.' THE ARK STOOD IN ARMENIA. In the seventh month and the twenty-seventh day the ark stood in Armenia. Ðe ſeuend moned[112] waſ in cumen, And ſeuene and .xx.^{ti} dais numen, IN armenie ðat arche ſtod, ðo waſ wið-dragen ðat ilc flod. 596 When the tenth month came the waters withdrew. Ðo ðe tende moned[112] cam in, So wurð dragen ðe watreſ win; Dunes wexen, ðe flod wið-drog, It adde leſted longe a-nog 600 [Fol. 12b.] Forty days after this the ark's window is undone, the raven out flew, and came not again to the ark. Fowerti daiſ after ðiſ, Arches windoge undon it iſ, ðe Rauen ut-fleg, hu ſo it gan ben, Ne cam he nogt to ðe arche a-gen; 604 The dove found no clean place, and came again to the ark. ðe duue fond no clene ſtede, And wente a-gen and wel it dede; After seven days the dove left the ark and returned with an olive bough. ðe ſeuendai eſt ut it tog, And brogt a grene oliues bog; 608 Seue nigt ſiðen eu_er_ilc on Seven nights after all are let out of the ark. He is let ut flegen, crepen, and gon, wið-uten ilc ſeuend clene der ðe he ſacrede on an aucter. 612 Sex hundred ger and on dan[113] olde Noah looked out of the ark and saw that the earth was dry. Noe ſag ut of ðe arche-wolde; ðe firſt moned[112] and te firſt dai, He ſag erðe drie & te wat_er_ awai; 616 get he waſ wiſ and nogt to rad, Yet went he not out till he was bidden by God. Gede he nogt ut, til god hi_m_ bad. Ðe toðer moneð was in cumen, And ſeuene and twenti dais numen, 620 ðo herde Noe wol bliðe bode At God's command he and his family left the ark. Of a ſteuene, ðe cam fro gode; He and hiſe wif wenten ut fre, Hiſe ſunes and here wifes ðre; 624 Noah made an altar and sacrificed thereon. He made an aucter on godeſ name, And ſacrede he ðor-on, for ſowleſ frame, [Fol. 13.] The seventh deer was offered up, Ilc ſeuende der of clene kin, ðe waſ holden in arche wið-hin, 628 [112] _read_ moneð [113] _read_ ðan THE RAINBOW APPEARS IN THE WELKIN. the others were allowed to escape alive. And leten ðe oðre to liue gon, of hem ben tudered manigon. Noah besought God that he would no more send such destruction upon mankind. Often he [bad] wid[114] frigti bede, ðat ſwiulc wreche ſo god ðo dede 632 Ne ſulde more on werlde cumen, Q_u_at wreche ſo ðor wurðe numen. God granted his request, and shewed him the rain-bow as a token of His love. God gat it a token of luuen, Taunede him in ðe wa[l]kene a-buuen 636 The rain-bow is called red and blue. Rein-bowe, men cleped[115] reed and blo; The blue denotes the water that drowned all flesh. ðe blo tokeneð de[116] wat_er_es wo, ðat iſ wið-uten and is gon; The red betokeneth the destruction of the world by fire. ðe rede wid-innen[117] toknet on 640 wreche ðat ſal get wurðen ſent, wan al ðis werld wurðe brent; And al-ſo hege ðe lowe ſal gon, So ðe flod flet de dunes on; 644 fowerti ger or domeſ-dai, ðiſ token no man ne ſen mai. From Noah and his three sons all mankind have come. Of[118] noe ſiðen an iſ ðre ſunen, ben boren alle ðe in werlde wunen, 648 Before his death his family were widely spread. And or he waſ on werlde led, His kinde waſ wel wide ſpred; Al it iſ writen ic tellen mai Of his kin bi hiſ liue dai; 652 [Fol. 13b.] They numbered, excluding women and children, 24,000 stalworth men. vten childre and vten wi_m_men, wel fowre and .xx. ðhuſent men woren ſtalwurði boren bi tale, wið-uten wif-kin and childre ſmale; 656 .ix. hundred ger and fifti told, or or he ſtarf, noe waſ old. Nimrod had dread of water, so he advised his followers to make a tower high and strong. Nembrot gat hiſe feres red, for ðat he hadde of water dred, 660 To maken a tur, wel heg & ſtrong, Of tigel and ter, for water-gong; Seventy-two men were employed about it. Twelwe and ſexti men woren ðor-to, [114] _read_ wið [115] _read_ clepeð [116] _read_ ðe [117] _read_ wið-innen. [118] Oſ MS. CONFUSION OF TONGUES. ORIGIN OF IDOLATRY. Meiſt_er_ men for to maken it ſo. 664 All spoke one speech before. Al waſ on ſpeche ðor bi-foren, Now sundry tongues arose and sorely terrified the workmen. ðor woren ſundri ſpeches boren; ðo wurðen he frigti and a-griſen, for dor[119] waſ ſundri ſpecheſ riſen, 668 Seventy-two land-speeches were then spoken. Sexti lond-ſpeches and .xii. mo, weren delt ðane i_n_ werlde ðo. That tower was called Babel. Babel, ðat tur, bi-lef un-mad, The folk became scattered afar upon the earth. ðat folc iſ wide on lon[de] ſad; 672 Nembrot nam wið ſtrengðhe ðat lond, And helde ðe tur o babel in hiſ hond. Belus was Nimrod's son, and after him reigned Nilus, who set up an image in remembrance of his father. Beluſ king waſ nembrot ſune, Nilus hiſ ſune gan ille wune; 676 Belus wurð dead, and nilus king Made likeneſſe, for muni[gin]g[120] [Fol. 14.] After hiſ fader, and he ſo dede, He it ſetten on an mirie ſtede; 680 Nilus rewarded all that honoured this likeness. Eu_er_ilc man he gaf lif and frið ðat to ðat likeneſſe ſogte grið; for ðat frið ðat hem [gaf] ðe king, He boren ðat likneſſe wurðing, 684 They called it Bel, after Belum. Calden it bel, after belum; After ðis cam ſwilc oðer ſum, Many made likenesses of their friends. Manie man, iſ frend for to munen, Made likneſſe after ðe wunen, 688 Bel was the first, and hence the names Bal or Balim. Bel was ðe firſte, and after him Sum higte beland, ſu_m_ balim, And ſu_m_ bel, and ſu_m_ bal; fendes fleiðing wex wið-al, 692 To wenden men fro godes reed, To newe luue and to newe dred; Thus was idolatry introduced, by which many are destroyed. Ydolatrie ðuſ waſ boren, for q_u_uam mani man iſ for-loren. 696 Of ſem, and of ðe folc ðe of hi_m_ cam, luue and dred under gode nam; Of ðis kinge wil we leden ſong, [119] _read_ ðor [120] see l. 1623 ABRAM LEAVES MESOPOTAMIA. Cristes helpe be us amonge! 700 The family of Shem. Noe, ſem, arfaxath, ſale, Heber, phaleth, ðe ſexte iſ he, Reu, ſaruch, nacor, thare, ðiſ iſ ðe tende fro noe. 704 [Fol. 14b.] Ðis oðer werldes elde iſ ſo, A ðhuſent ger ſeuenti and two. The third age of the world began when Terah begat Abram. ðe ðridde werldeſ elde cam, Quanne thare bi-gat abram; 708 for he bi-gat a ſune aram, Nachor midleſt, laſt ab_ra_m; Haran begat Lot and Sarai and Milcah. Aram bi-gat loth, and ſarray, And melcham, and waſ ſort leui 712 They dwelt in Ur of the Chaldees. In lond caldea, hur hicte ðe tun, Q_u_or deades ſtrenge warp him dun; Much strife was there between father and brother, children and wife. ðor fader, and breðere, and childre, and wif, Him bi-ſtoden wið ſorwes ſtrif; 716 ðo ðogte thare on hiſ mod, Terah did not care to remain long in this town. long bigging iſ here nogt god. Nachor he gaf wif melcam, And trewe ſarray abram. 720 Abram having no children adopted Lot as his son. Q_ua_nne abram wurð wiſ and war ðat ſarray non childre ne bar, He toc him loth on ſunes ſtede; He waſ hiſe neve, wol wel he dede. 724 Terah left Ur and came to Haran in Mesopotamia. Thare let hur, and ðeðen he nam, And wulde to lond canahan, Cam i_n_to a burgt[121] ðat het aram, In londe meſopothaniam. 728 With him he took his sons and daughters. Wið him ledde he nachor, melcam, Sarray, loth, and abram. [Fol. 15.] Tho[122] hundred ger and fifue mo, Terah died when he was two hundred and five years old. Thare waſ old, ſtarf he ðo. 732 Tereſ gliden for herteſ ſor fro loth, and abram, and nachor; He lies buried in Haran. Thare lið biried in aram. [121] _read_ burg [122] _read_ two ABRAM REACHES CANAAN. HE GOES TO EGYPT. God ſeide wurd to abram:— 736 God then commanded Abram to leave Haran. "Abram, ðu fare ut of lond and kin To a lond ic ðe ſal bringen hin." Sex ger and fiftene mo, Adde Abram on iſ elde ðo. 740 He departed, taking with him Lot and Sarai. Abram tok loth wið ſarray, Hiſe agte, and erue he ledde hi_m_ bi, For in to lond cananeam, First he came to Sichem, And i_n_-to ſichem, a burgt, he nam, 744 And ðeðen he nam to mirie dale; fif burgeſ were ðor-inne bi tale, and afterwards to Pentapolis (the five cities of the plain), ðer-fore it higte pentapolis, Of weledeſ[123] fulſum and of bliſ, 748 Nov iſt a water of loðlic ble, where now stands the Dead Sea. Men callið it ðe dede ſe; Ilc ðing deieð ðor-inne iſ driuen; Ne may no fiſ ðor-inne liuen; 752 The cities were destroyed for man's sin. for mannes ſinne ðus it iſ went, brent wið brimfir, ſunken and ſhent. God q_u_ad to abra_m_, "al ðiſ lond ſal cumen i_n_ to iſ kinneſ hond." 756 [Fol. 15b.] ðor god him taunede, made hab_ra_m An alter, and fro ðeðen he nam. Abram raised an altar between Bethel and Ai. An oðer alter abram ſeli Made bi-twen betel and ai. 760 Damascus was the third place where Abram dwelt. At damaſke iſ ðe ðridde ſtede, Quer abram iſ bigging dede, And ðeden for he, for hunger bond, Famine drove him to Egypt. feger ut in to egipte lond; 764 ðor he ſeide ðat ſarrai To save his life he said that Sarai was his sister. waſ hiſ ſiſter, al for-ði for he dredde him to leten iſ lif If he wiſten ghe wore iſ wif; 768 Sarai was fair and Egypt's folk were lecherous. for ghe waſ fai[ge]r witter-like, And ðat folc luuede lecherlike. Quan ab_ra_m was to egipte cumen, [123] werldes? PHARAOH TAKES AWAY SARAI, AND IS PUNISHED BY A PLAGUE. Soon was Sarai taken from Abram, and brought to king Pharaoh. Sone him waſ ſarrai binumen; 772 Sone him waſ ſarray bi-lagt, And [124]pharaon ðe kinge bi-tagt; God plagued the king with sickness. God ſente on him ſekeneſſe & care, And lettede al his lecher-fare. 776 Sarray liuede in clene lif, Pharaoh at last became aware that all this strife was on account of Sarai, And ðe king ðholede ſorges ſtrif Til he wiſte al ðat ſtrif Cam him on for ab_ra_m wif; 780 so he restored her to her husband, ðo ſente he after abram, And bi-tagte he him iſ leman, [Fol. 16.] and gave Abram land and cattle. And gaf him lond, and agte, and fe, And leue, ðor q_u_iles his wille be, 784 To wune egipte folc among, And friðen him wel fro eu_er_ilc wro_n_g, Bad him to god hiſ erdne beren, In Egypt the patriarch abode in security. ðat ywel him ſulde nu_n_mor deren. 788 ðor wunede abra_m_ in welðe and i_n_ frið, Egypt's clerks held him in high honour. Egipte clerkes woren him wið, And hem lerede, witt_er_like, Aſtronomige and arſmetike; 792 He was hem lef, he woren him hold. God greatly increased his riches. God gaf him ðor ſiluer and gold, And hird, and orf, and ſrud, and ſat, Vn-achteled welðe he ðor bi-gat. 796 Out of Egypt Abram went to Canaan, and abode between Bethel and Ai. Vt of egipte, riche man, Wente abram i_n_ to lond canaan; And loth hiſe neue and ſarray bileften bi-twen betel and ay, 800 ðor he q_u_ilum her wiſten wunen, Or he weren to egipte cumen. Strife arose between Abram and Lot's herdsmen. So wex here erue, and ſo gan ðen An twen here hirdeſ ſtriui_n_g gan ben; 804 Lot, by leave of his uncle, chose the plains of the Loth him cheſ, bi leue of abram, ðat herðe hende ðe flu_m_ iurdan; [124] _w_ in MS. But the _w_ is much like _p_. ABRAM DWELLS AT MAMRE. LOT IN SODOM. Jordan for his dwelling-place. In mirie dale hiſe bigginge he ches, ðat he ſiðen twie for-les. 808 [Fol. 16b.] Abram let loth in welðe and wale, Abram dwelt in Mamre-dale, towards Ebron. And ferde a-wei to mambre dale; ðor wunede abram henden ebron, ðat burge an oðer man lið on, 812 This city is called Kirjatharba, _i. e._ four cities. It atteð cariatharbe, On engle ſpeche fowre cite; fowre arbe cariatht arn in, Four lie buried there. for ðat fowre biried ðor ben; 816 There was laid Adam and Eve, Abram and Sarai, Jacob and Leah. ðor waſ leid adam and eua, Abram ſiðen and ſarra; ðor yſaac and rebecca, And iacob and hiſe wif lia. 820 Mamre, Eschol, and Aner were sworn brothers with Abram. MAmbre, wið excol and anel, ðor luueden Abram ful wel; He woren breðere of kinde boren, And abram woren he breðre ſworen. 824 Q_u_or abram wunede, ðor wex bi An ok' ðat waſ of gibi, God promised that Abram's seed should possess the land wherein he was a stranger. ðer het god abre ðat tagte lond Sal cumen al in hiſ kinneſ hond, 828 And eſt and weſt, and ſuð and norð; Al ðat god wile ſal wel gon forð. Then was pride widely spread, and desire of sovereignty. Ðo wurðen waxen ſo wide and ſpred, pride and giſcinge of lou_er_d-hed; 832 Nearly every city had its ruler. Neg ilc burge hadde iſe lou_er_eding, Sum waſ king, and ſum kumeling; [Fol. 17.] Sum waſ wið migte[125] ſo forð gon, ðat hadden he under hem mani on. 836 The five cities of Pentapolis, ruled over by their own kings, Fif burges of pentapoliſ, Adama, bala, Seboyſ, And ſodoma wið gomorra, ðe kinges welten burges ðoa, 840 [125] The MS. has migt; but migte is at the bottom of p. 16 b in the catchwords—"Sū waſ wið migte." THE BATTLE OF FOUR KINGS AGAINST FIVE. were conquered by Chedorlaomer, and paid him tribute. On-kumen was cadalamor, king of elam, wið ferding ſtor; Twelve years they were under his hand. .xij. ger he weren under iſ hond, And gouen him gouel of here lond; 844 In the thirteenth they rebelled, .xiij. ger gan ſo forð gon wulde he giuen him gouel non; Chedorlaomer and other three kings made war upon the cities. ðre kinges haued he wið him brogt, wið here-gonge hiſe gouel ſogt; 848 He ben cumen to mirie dale, An ðere he werken ſckaðe and bale; Much sorrow they wrought. The four kings conquered the five. fowre on-ſeken and fifue weren, Oc ðe fowre ðe fiue deren; 852 wunded ðor waſ gret folc and ſlagen, ðe fifwe flen, ðe fowre ben fagen; The five flee to the hills, and the four to the cities of the plain. ðe fifwe up to ðe dunes flen, ðe fowre in to ðe tuneſ ten; 856 wifwes, and childre, and agte, and ſrud, They led away with them Lot, his goods, children, and wife. He ledden a-wei wið herte prud. Loth and iſ agte, childre and wif, ben led a-wei bunden wið ſtrif; 860 [Fol. 17b.] oc on of hem, ðe flogen a-wei But one escaped and told Abram, who armed 313 servants and pursued the enemy. Told it abram ðat ilke deai. ðre hundred men and .xiij. wigt, Alle ſtalwurði and witt_er_ of figt, 864 wið mambre, and excol, and anel, Abram let him tunde wel; ðat hird he folged[126] alſ to ðan, On heued-welle of flum iordan, 868 ðor he wenden ben ſiker on nigt; Abram he brogte wel newe figt. Abram found them drunk and sleepy. He woren drunken and ſlepi, Abram[127] folc made hem dredi; 872 ſo heg, ſo long, ne ſpared he_m_ nogt, He brought them all to ground. Alle he ben ðor to gronde brogt, wið-ðuten ðo ðe cuden flen; [126] folgel in MS. [127] An _is_ is inserted by a later hand. ABRAM RESCUES LOT. MELCHIZEDEK BLESSES HIM. get ne migten he ſiker ben, 876 He pursued them unto Hoba, near Damascus. for magnie[128] of ðo woren ou_er_-taken, Abram cude hem to ſorwe maken. Henden damaſk, til burgt oba, Abram hem folwede and wrogte woa; 880 Much spoil he took. wifes, and childre, and ſrud, and ſat, He brogte agen and mikel he bat; And tol, and takel, and orf, he dede wenden hom to here ogen ſtede, 884 All this he did for love of Lot. for loteſ luue fel him ðuſ rigt, Borwen he ben wel of dat[129] figt. [Fol. 18.] The king of Sodom went out to meet Abram. Sodomes king in kinge dale, Mette abram wið feres wale, 888 In ðe weie ðe ligið to ſalem, ðe ſiðen iſ cald ieruſalem. Melchizedek brought him bread and wine. Melchiſedech, ſalameſ king, dede ab_ra_m ðor mikel wurðing; 892 He froðer[ed]e him, after iſ ſwinc, wið bredeſ fode and wines drinc; Abram gave him a tenth of the spoil. Habra_m_ gaf him ðe tigðe del Of alle iſ bigete, and dede ðor wel, 896 And bliſcede dor[130] godeſ migt, ðat bargt abram wel of ðat figt; Melchizedek was both priest and king. for he waſ boðen king and preſt, of elde moſt, of wit hegest; 900 None knew from what family he sprung. wiſte no man of werlðe ðo, Quat kinde he waſ kumen fro; Some said that this king of Salem was Shem, Oc ſu_m_me ſeiden ðat it waſ ſem, ðiſ p_re_ſt and [oc] king of ſalem, 904 or or ðe flod waſ long bi-forn of noe bi-geten, of[131] iſ wif born, who lived until the birth of Isaac. And fro ſo longe ðor bi-foren Liuede til yſaac waſ boren. 908 The king of Sodom offered Abram the goods and cattle taken from the enemy. Sodomes king bed dor[132] ab_ra_m Al agte and erf, wið-uten man,[133] Alle heſ hadde wið migte bi-geten, [128] _read_ manige [129] _read_ ðat [130] _read_ ðor [131] MS. oſ. [132] _read_ ðor [133] ? nam ABRAM COMPLAINS FOR WANT OF AN HEIR. wolde he nogt hi_m_ hiſ ſwinc for-geten, 912 [Fol. 18b.] The patriarch would accept of nothing. oc ab_ra_m dede ðor meðelike wel, wid-held he ðor-of neu[_er_]e on del, oc al ðat eu_er_e fel him to, Then first began the custom of keeping the 15th year holy. Sac-les he let hin welden it ſo. 916 Ebruiſ ſeigen, wune hem wex her To algen ilk fiftene ger, for loth waſ fifti winter hold, Quan ab_ra_m him bi-told. 920 Abel first began first-fruit. Abel primiceſ firſt bi-gan, Abram tithes. And decimas first ab_ra_m; Nu iſt ſo boden and ſo bitagt, Quo-ſo hiſ alt him bi agt. 924 After this God spake to Abram, saying, "I am thy safety and thy defence, thy toil shall be requited." After ðiſ ſpac god to abram:— "ðin berg and tin werger ic ham. ðin ſwinc ðe ſal ben gulden wel, wid[134] michel welðe in good[e] ſel." 928 Quoth Abram, "What avails wealth, seeing that I am childless, and that Eliezer's son shall inherit my wealth?" Quad he, "q_u_at ſal me welðes ware, Q_u_ane ic child-leſ of werlde fare; Damak eliezereſ ſune, In al min welðe ſal he wunen?" 932 God said, "Of thyself shall thine heir come." Q_u_at god, "ſo ſal it nogt ben, Of ðe ſelf ſal ðin erward ten." Abram leuede ðiſ hot i_n_ ſped, dat[135] waſ him [told] to rigt-wiſhed. 936 Abram took three deer each three years old and offered them as a sacrifice. ðre der he toc, ilc ðre ger hold, And ſacrede god on an wold; [Fol. 19.] of godeſ bode he nam god kep, An heifer, a goat, and a sheep he took, and divided them in two and set them apart. A net, and a got, and a ſep; 940 Eu_er_ilc of ðeſe he delte on two, And let hem lin on ſunder ſo, Vndelt heſ leide q_u_or-ſo heſ tok; The dove and the turtle he divided not. And ðor a duue and a turtul ok 944 Sat up on-rum til heuene he tok, And of ðo doles kep he nam Greedy fowls fell upon the carcases. Gredi foueles fellen ðor-on, [134] _read_ wið [135] _read_ ðat SARAI BEING BARREN GIVES HAGAR TO ABRAM. ðat ðogte abram wel iwel don, 948 Abram drove them away. Then came on him fear and fright. kagte iſ wei, quan it waſ nigt, ðo cam on him vgging and frigt; A great and bright fire he saw glide down between the pieces. A michel fier he ſag, and an brigt, gliden ðor twen ðo doles rigt. 952 In a dream God showed Abram the future condition of his descendants. God ſeide him ðor a ſoðe drem ðe timinge of iſ beren-tem, And hu he ſulde in pine ben, And uten erdes ſorge ſen; 956 fowre hundred ger ſulden ben gon, Canaan is promised as his inheritance. Hor he ſulden wel cumen a-gon, oc ſiðen ſulde in here hond, bi-cumen ðat hotene lond. 960 Then knew Abram much more of what was to come than he ever knew before. ðo wiſte abram wel michel mor Quat waſ to cumen ðan he wiſte or. Sarai, being barren, gives Hagar to Abram. Siðen bi-fel ðat ſarrai, for ghe waſ longe untuderi, 964 [Fol. 19b.] Ghe bitagte abre maiden agar; Ghe wurð wið childe and hem two bar; forð ſiðen ghe bi ab_ra_m ſlep, Hagar having conceived, despised her mistress. Of hire leuedi nam ghe no kep; 968 And ſarrai wuldet nogt ðolen ðat agar wore ðuſ to-bolen; Sarai afflicts her thrall. Ghe held hire hard in ðralleſ wune, And dede hire ſorge and anger mune; 972 Hagar flees from Sarai into the desert homeless and weary. ðo fleg agar fro ſarray, wimman wið childe, one and ſori, In ðe diſerd, wil and weri, And an angel cam ðor hire bi, 976 wiſte hire drogen ſori for ðriſt, An angel commands her to return and be buxom to her lady. At a welle q_ue_mede hire liſt, And bad hire ſone wenden agen, And to hire leuedi buxum ben; 980 He tells her of her child. And ſeide ghe ſulde ſunen wel And timen, and clepen it ſmael,[136] [136] A metrical licence for "iſmael." ISHMAEL IS BORN. CIRCUMCISION IS INSTITUTED. And he ſulde ben man migti, And of him kumen folc frigti; 984 Hagar returns, and Ishmael is born. Ghe wente agen, and bar ðat child, And abra_m_ wurð wið hire milde. Abram was then fourscore and six years old. lxxx. gere and ſexe mo Hadde ab_ra_m on hiſ elde ðo, 988 And .xiii. ger ðor after told, When Abram was ninety-nine years old God changed his name to Abraham. ix. and nigneti[137] ger he waſ old, [Fol. 20.] Q_u_uanne him cam bode in ſunder run, fro gode of circumcicioun. 992 His name ðo wurð a lettre mor, Hiſ wiueſ leſſe ðan it waſ or, for ðo wurd abram abraham, Sarai's name is also changed to Sarah. And ſarray ſarra bi-cam; 996 And al ðat eu_er_e ðe lou_er_ed bad, dede abraham redi and rad. Circumcision is instituted. He him ſelf wurð ðanne circu_m_ciſ, And yſmael hiſ ſune iwiſ; 1000 And of iſ hird eu_er_ilc wapman wurð circu_m_ciſ, al-so he it bi-gan, Whoso bore not this mark upon him was to be cut off from God's folk. Q_u_uo ne bar ðanne iſ merk him on fro godes folc ſulde he be don. 1004 Afterwards in the dale of Mamre Abraham saw figures three, seemly messengers from God. Siðen, in ðe dale of mambre, ſag abraha_m_ figures ðre, Sondes ſemlike kumen fro gode; Abraha_m_ he broghten wel bliðe bode. 1008 Abraha_m_ he[m] ran wel ſwiðe agon, Abraham entertains the angels. And of ðe ðre he wurðede ðe ton, ðe god him dede in herte ſen, ðe waſ wurði wurðed to ben; 1012 He set before them calves flesh, bread and flour and butter. bred, kalueſ fleiſ, and flures bred, And buttere, hem ðo sondes bed; What he offered with a free heart his guests took in charity, for ðat he bad wið herte fre, He it nomen in charite; 1016 [Fol. 20b.] though it was but as a drop of water in a fire. So malt ðat mete in hem to nogt, So a watreſ drope in a fier brogt. [137] _read_ nigenti ABRAHAM IS PROMISED A SON. Abraham ſtod and q_u_amede hem wel, Hiſ good[e] wil was hem good mel. 1020 Abraham is promised a son. Q_u_uad ðiſ on, "ðiſ time oðer ger, Sal ic me to ðe taunen her; Bi ðan ſal ſarra ſelðe timen, ðat ge ſal of a ſune trimen." 1024 Sarah heard the words of the Lord. ðanne herde ſarra ſwilc tiding, And it hire ðogte a ſelli ðhing, for ghe waſ nigenti winter hold, Abraham on wane of an hundred told; 1028 She did not believe them. Ghe glente and ðhogte, migte it nogt ben, And ghe ðat ſulde her wið childe be ſen; Abraham, however, trowed it full well. And Abraham trewid it ful wel, And it wurð ſoð binnen ſwilc ſel. 1032 Then the three went towards Sodom. Fro mambre dale wente ðo ðre, to-ward ſodome geden he; Q_u_ad ðe lou_er_ed, "wile ic nogt ſtelen, The destruction of Sodom is revealed to Abraham. Ne min dede abraham helen; 1036 Ic cume to ſen ðat ſinne dwale ðat iſ me told of mirieſ dale." He is in great grief on account of Lot. ðo adde abram iſ herte ſor, for loth hiſ newe wunede ðor. 1040 He intercedes for the wicked cities. "Lou_er_d," q_u_ad he, "hu ſaltu don, If ðu ſalt nimen wreche ðor on; [Fol. 21.] Salt ðu nogt ðe rigt-wiſe weren, Or for hem ðe toðere með beren?" 1044 God promises to spare the cities for the sake of five righteous. Q_u_ad god, "find ic ðor ten or mo, Ic ſal meðen ðe ſtede for ðo." Durſte Abraham freinen nu_n_mor, Abraham departs sore at heart. Oc wente agen wið herte ſor; 1048 And god at-wot in-to hiſe ligt, ðo to gon to ſodome rigt. At even two angels came to Sodom. Sunne iſ weſt under erðe numen, Q_u_ua_n_ne he ben to ſodome cumen; 1052 Lot sat at the city's gate, and seeing them, Get ſat loth at ðe burges gate, After ſum geſte ſtod him quake;[138] [138] _read_ quate LOT ENTERTAINS TWO ANGELS. He roſ, and lutte, and ſcroð hi_m_ wel, he invited them to his home to stay with him that night. And bead hem hom to iſ oſtel 1056 To herbergen wið him ðat nigt, ðo ſwete angeles, faier and brigt; And he ſo deden alſ he hem bead, He wiſten him bergen fro ðe dead; 1060 Lot served his guests fair and well. And loth hem ſerued faire and wel, And he him gulden it eu_er_ilc del. Oc al ðat burgt folc ðat helde waſ on, ðe migte lecher crafte don, 1064 The wicked Sodomites beset Lot's house. To lothes huſ he cumen ðat nigt And bi-ſetten it redi to figt; They bade him bring out the strangers. He boden him bringen ut o-non, ðo men ðat woren ðidir in-gon. 1068 [Fol. 21b.] Lot offered them his daughters. Loth hem bead iſ dogtres two, for to friðen hiſe geſte ſwo; Oc he ne wulden hiſ dogtres nogt, The wicked folk sought to harm Lot. for wicke and feble waſ here ðogt. 1072 ðat folc vn-ſeli, ſinne wod, ðo ſori wrecches of yuel blod wulden him ðor gret ſtrengðe don, Til wreche and letting cam hem on. 1076 The angels drew Lot in. ðis angels two drogen loth in, And ſhetten to ðe dure-pin. Blindness came upon the Sodomites, Wil ſiðen cam on eu_er_ilc on, ðo wrecches ðe wið-vten gon, 1080 for al ðat nigt he ſogten ðor and they sought the door in vain. ðe dure, and fundend[139] neu_er_e mor. ðo ſeiden ðiſ angeles to loth wið ſped, Lot is commanded to leave the city with his friends before daybreak. If ðu frend haueſt and wi[l]t don red, 1084 Bid him, or day, redi ben, And ſwiðe ut ðiſ burgeſ flen, elles ſulen he brennen and for-faren, If he ne bi time heðe[n] waren. 1088 Two ðor werren q_u_am hi_m_ ðogte ear To wedden hiſ two dogtres ðear;[140] [139] So in MS. [140] _read_ dear THE DESTRUCTION OF SODOM AND GOMORRAH. Lot warned his sons-in-law in vain. Loth hem warnede, wiſlike and wel, Oc he ne troweden hi_m_ neu_er_e a del. 1092 The angels led Lot and his family out of Sodom, On morgen quan day ca_m_ he_m_ to, Loth and hiſ dogtres two [Fol. 22.] Ledden ðiſ angeles ut in ſel, and bade them turn not back. And boden hem and tagten wel, 1096 ðat here non wente agen, for non ðhing he migte ſen. Lot thought the way to the hills hard and strong. Loth waſ wanſum, and ðugte long vp to ðo dunes ðe weie hard and ſtrong; 1100 He intreated that he might dwell in Segor. "Lou_er_d," q_u_at he, "gunde under dun, mot hic ben borgen in ðat tun!" ðo angeles ſeiden, "we ſulen it ſren,[141] ðor quile ðu wilt ðor-inne ben; 1104 This city was safe while Lot abode there; Ai waſ borgen bala-ſegor ðor q_u_ile ðat loth dwelledde ðor; when he left it, it was destroyed. Oc ſiðen loth wente ut of hine, brende it ðhunder, ſanc it erðe-dine. 1108 Sone ſo loth ut of ſodome cam, Sodom was destroyed by fire, brend-fier-rein ðe burge bi-nam; Hardere wreche ðor waſ cumen ðan ear was vnder flode numen; 1112 for sin and "unkind deeds." for men ðor ſinne un-kinde deden, ſo for-ſanc and brente ðat ſteden; So bitter-like iſ it for-don, Ne mai non dain waſſen ðor-on; 1116 So for-ſanc ðat folc ſinful ðor, ſwilc ſinful ſinne wex ðer nu_n_mor. Lot's wife turned back, and "went into a stone." Ðo lotes wif wente hire a-gon, Sone ghe ſtod, wente i_n_ to a ſton; 1120 [Fol. 22b.] Thus is this merry dale turned into a swarthy lake. So iſt nu forwent mirie dale In to dririhed and in to bale, ðe ſwarte flum, ðe dede ſe, Non fiſ, non fuel ðor-inne mai be. 1124 ðat water iſ ſo deades driuen, Nothing may live therein. Non ðing ne mai ðor-inne liuen; [141] ? fren THE BIRTHS OF AMMON AND MOAB. Men ſeið ðe treen ðat ðor henden ben Trees on its banks produce apples, Waxen i_n_ time, and brimen, and ðen, 1128 Oc q_u_ane here apples ripe ben, which contain ashes only. fier-iſles man mai ðor-i_n_ne ſen; ðat erd iſ oten ſaltes dale, Maniman ðor-of holdet litel tale. 1132 Lot soon left Segor. Loth wuned litel in ſegor, for he dredde him for to forfare ðor; Wið hiſe two dowtres ut he teg, For fear he fled to the hills, and dwelt in a cave. And for dred to ðo dunes he fleg; 1136 And ðor he biggede i_n_ a caue[n], ðe waſ ðor i_n_ roche grauen. Lot's daughters thought _all mankind_ had perished, and that, unless they had children, the world would come to an end. ðo meidenes herden q_u_ilu_m_ ſeien, ðat fier ſulde al ðis werld forſweðen, 1140 And wenden wel ðat it were cumen, And fiereſ wreche on werld numen, And ðat man-kinde wore al for-loren but of hem ðre wore man boren. 1144 They consulted as to what was best to be done. ðis maidenes redden ſone[142] on-on Q_u_at hem two wore beſt to don, [Fol. 23.] Hu he migten vnder-gon They made their father drunk so that he wrought the deed, and each begot a child. Here fader, ðat he ne[143] wore ðor gon; 1148 Wið wineſ drinc he wenten iſ ðhogt, So ðat he haueð ðe dede wrogt, And on eiðer here a knaue bi-geten, ðiſ ne mai nogt ben for-geten. 1152 ðiſ maidenes deden it in god dhogt,[144] ðe fader oc drunken ne wiſte he it nogt. The first bore Moab, the other Ammon. ðe firſte him bar moab ðat ſune, Of him beð folc, [in] moab it wune; 1156 ðe leſſe him bar a ſune amon, Amonit folces fader on. Now turn we to Abraham. NV bi-oueð uſ to wenden a-gen, And of abrah_a_m ſong under-gon. 1160 On the morrow he looked toward Sodom, Abraha_m_ up on morgen ſtod, Wið reuli lote and frigti mod; [142] MS. ſono. [143] MS. hene. [144] _read_ ðogt. ABRAHAM DWELLS IN GERAR. and saw that the city had been destroyed. To-ward ſodome he ſag ðe roke And ðe brinfires ſtinken[145] ſmoke, 1164 For sorrow he left Mamre's dale And wente a-wei fro mambre dale, So ſore him reu of ðat bale. and went and abode in Gerar. Suðen he wente & wunede i_n_ geraris, bi-twen cade and vr, y-wis; 1168 There he said Sarah was his sister. ðor he ſeide eft, for luue of lif, ðat ſiſter wore ſarra his wif. Q_u_ilu_m_ of[146] er [147]pharraon hire toc, Nu takeð abimalech hire oc; 1172 [Fol. 23b.] Abimelech took her to wife. Sene it was ðat ghe waſ fair wif, Quan ghe waſ luued in ſo long lif. Abimalech wurð ſek on-on, Sickness fell on him and on his folk. And oðer wreche iſ folc cam on; 1176 Nogt wif-kinnes non birðe ne nam, ðor q_u_iles he ðor wið-helð ſaram. On dreme him cam tidi_n_g for-q_u_at The cause of this evil was made known to him in a dream. He ðrowede and ðolede un-timing ðat; 1180 Al it waſ for abraham-iſ wif, ðat he hire held ðor wið ſtrif; ðo bi-ðhogte him ful wel, And ſente after abraha_m_ ðat ilc ſel, 1184 He sent back Sarah, And bi-tagte him hiſ wif a-non, And hiſ yuel ſort[148] waſ ouer-gon. his wife and others bore children, and the quinsy no more troubled him. His wif and oðere birðe beren, ða ðe ſwinacie gan him nu_n_mor deren. 1188 Abimalech gaf abraham Gold, and ſiluer, and lond for-ðan; Plates of silver he gave to Sarah. A ðhuſant plates of ſilu_er_ god Gaf he ſarra ðat faire blod, 1192 Bad hire ðor hir wið[149] heuod ben hid, for ſwilc timing was hire bi-tid. Ðo wulde god bi-ſewen ſo of olde abraha_m_ and o ſarra ſo. 1196 Ghe wurd wið child, on elde wac, The birth of Isaac. And trimede and cleped it yſaac. [145] _for_ ſtinkende [146] _read_ aſ? [147] MS. w [148] fort in MS. [149] _read_ ðor wið hir THE BANISHMENT OF HAGAR AND ISHMAEL. [Fol. 24.] ðe egtende dai ðat he waſ boren, He was circumcised on the eighth day, Circu_m_ciſed he waſ, a-buten ſchoren; 1200 ðor-of holden ðe ieuwes lay, Circu_m_ciſed on ðe egtende day. Arabit folc of yſmael, which custom the Jews follow. After him don he it al ſwilk ſel, 1204 Q_u_ane he .xiii. ger ben old; Of yſmael here time iſ told. When Isaac was three years old Abraham made a great feast. Ðre ger woren yſaac on, Q_u_ane he waſ fro teding don; 1208 Michel geſtni_n_ge made abraham Q_u_ane he ðat ſune to borde nam. Wintres forð-wexen on yſaac, Ishmael often mocked Isaac, And yſmael waſ him vn-ſwac; 1212 Of-ten it gan yſaac un-framen, And yſmael pleide hard gamen; which caused Sarah to be very wroth. Sarra waſ ðor-fore often wroð, Hir waſ yſmaeles anger loð; 1216 She complains to Abraham. Ghe bi-mente hire to abraham, And ſumdel ligtlike he it nam Til god him bad iſ wiues tale Liſten, and don a-wei ðat dwale. 1220 Abraham rapede hi_m_ ſone i_n_ ſped for to fulfillen godeſ reed; Abraham banishes Hagar and her son. He flemede agar and yſmael In ſumertid, In egeſt ſel; 1224 [Fol. 24b.] Bred, and a fetles wið water fild, Bar agar wið hire and wið ðe child; By the desert they took their way. Bi ðe deſert a-wei che nam, In ard weie and hete gram; 1228 Wið ſwinc and hete hem wexon ðriſt, They became very thirsty. ðe water ſleckede ðe childeſ liſt; Tid-like hem gan ðat wat_er_ laken, The water in the bottle became spent. ðo gan agareſ ſorwe waken; 1232 Wantede ðit child faierneſſe and migt, Hiſ moder wurð neg dead for frigt. ABIMELECH COVENANTS WITH ABRAHAM, Hagar placed her child under a tree, Ghe leide ðe child under a tre, fer ðeðen ghe gede, ſo it gan be, 1236 ðe child ne mai ghe for ſorge ſen; Bi al-ſo fer ſo a boge mai ten, and sat as far as a bow-shot off. ðor ſat hiſ moder in ſik and ſor, She thought it could not recover. wende ghe it cou_er_en neu_er_e mor. 1240 Goddeſ merci dede hire reed, An angel showed her a well-spring, An angel meðede hire ðat ned, Tagte hire ðor a welle ſpring, ðat waſ hire ðor ſeli timing; 1244 and she gave the lad drink and bread. ðor ghe gan fremen yſmael Wið watreſ drinc and bredeſ mel, Forth they went and dwelt in Paran. filt hire feteleſ, and na_m_ fro ðan forð to ðe deſert of [150]pharan; 1248 Ishmael married an Egyptian woman. ðor wunede yſmael and agar. Ghe cheſ him a wif ðe childre bar; [Fol. 25.] Twelve sons he had, of whom sprang great nations. .xii. ſuneſ he auede bi hiſ wif, Of him cam kinde mikil and rif. 1252 Nabachot waſ hiſ firſt ſune, In Arabia they dwelt. In arabie hiſ kinde wune fro ðe riche flod eufrate, Wid and fer to ðe rede ſe; 1256 Kedar gave name to a kingdom. Of hiſ oðer ſune cedar, A ku[n]griche hiſ name bar; From Dumah came the kingdom of Dirima. And of duma hiſ ſexte ſune, A ku[n]gdom dirima ðu mune; 1260 Hiſ .ix. waſ tema for-ðan, Teman gets its name from Tema. Iſ ðor a ku[n]glond teman; And .xii. of ðe cedima, Het a guglond[151] eſten fro ða. 1264 Flemd waſ agar and yſmael, and yſaac wex and ðehg wol wel. Abimelech makes a covenant with Abraham, Abimalech ſag abraham, Hu welðe him wex and migte cam, 1268 He bad him maken ſiker pligt Of luue and trewðe, in frendeſ rigt, [150] _w_ MS. [151] _read_ kunglond AND GIVES HIM THE WELL OF BEERSHEBA. ðat ne ſulde him nogwer deren, Oc him and hiſe helpen and weren; 1272 and gives him the well of Beersheba. He gaf hi_m_ a welle and a lond fre, Abraham it clepede berſabe; ðor ben he boðen feren pligt ðat here neiðer ſal don oðer un-rigt. 1276 [Fol. 25b.] Abraham gan ðor longe ben, And tillede corn and ſette treen, Abraham left the land much richer than he found it. ðog [it] waſ nogt iſ kinde lond; Richere he it leet ðan he it fond. 1280 Iff ioſephus ne legeð me, ðor q_u_iles he wunede in berſabe, When Isaac was twenty-five years old, ſo waſ yſaaceſ eld told xx. and fiwe winter old; 1284 God's word came to Abraham,— ðo herde abraha_m_ ſteuene fro gode, Newe tiding, and ſelkuð bode:— "Take Isaac thy son, "Tac ðin ſune yſaac in hond, And far wið him to ſiðhingeſ lond, 1288 and offer him on a hill that I shall show thee." And ðor ðu ſalt him offren me On an hil ðor ic ſal taunen ðe." fro berſabe iurneſ two Waſ ðat lond ðat he bed him two;[152] 1292 Moriah that hill was called. And morie, men ſeið, waſ ðat hil, ðat god him tawne[de] i_n_ his wil; Upon this hill was afterwards built Solomon's temple. Men ſeið ðat dune-iſ ſiðen on Was mad temple ſalamon, 1296 And ðe auter mad on ðat ſtede ðor abraha_m_ he[153] offrande dede. Abraham was obedient to God's commands. Abraham waſ buxu_m_ o rigt, Hiſe weie he tok ſone bi nigt; 1300 ðe ðrid[d]e day he ſagt ðe ſtede ðe god him witen in herte dede; [Fol. 26.] He came to the hill and sent his servants away. ðan he cam dun to ðo duneſ fot, Non of hiſ men forðere ne mot, 1304 But yſaac iſ dere childe, Isaac bare the wood, He bar ðe wude wið herte mild, [152] _read_ to [153] _read_ ðe THE OFFERING OF ISAAC. and Abraham the fire and the sword. And abraham ðe fier and ðe ſwerd bar; ðo wurð ðe child witt_er_ and war 1308 ðat ðor ſal offrende ben don, Oc ne wiſte he q_u_uat, ne q_u_or-on; "Where," quoth Isaac, "is the offering that thou wilt make?" "fader," q_u_að he, "q_u_ar ſal ben taken ðe offrende ðat ðu wilt maken?" 1312 Quoth Abraham, "God will provide the offering. Q_u_at abraha_m_, "god ſal bi-ſen Q_u_or-of ðe ofrende ſal ben; In a wonderful manner thou camest into the world, and so shalt thou depart hence. Sellik ðu art on wer[l]de cumen, Sellic ðu ſalt ben heðen numen; 1316 Wið-uten long ðhrowing and figt, God wile ðe taken of werlde nigt, God requires thee as an offering." And of ðe seluen holocaustu_m_ hauen, ðanc it him ðat he it wulde crauen." 1320 Isaac was ready to be sacrificed. Yſaac waſ redi mildelike, Quan ðat he it wiſte witt_er_like. Oc abraham it wulde wel q_u_at-ſo god bad, ðwerted he it neu_er_ a del; 1324 Isaac was placed upon the altar. Yſaac waſ leid ðat auter on, So men ſulden holocauſt don; Abraham drew out his sword to slay his son, but an angel forbad him to harm the child. And abraha_m_ ðat ſwerd ut-drog, And waſ redi to ſlon hi_m_ nuge,[154] 1328 [Fol. 26b.] Oc angel it him for-bed, And barg ðe child fro ðe dead; ðo wurð abraha_m_ frigti fagen, for yſaac bi-leaf un-ſlagen; 1332 Bi-aften bak, aſ he nam kep, A ram is offered instead of Isaac. faſte in ðornes he ſag a ſep, ðat an angel ðor-inne dede; It waſ brent on yſaac ſtede. 1336 Ere Abraham departed God swore to him that his seed should inherit the land. And, or abraham ðeðen for, God hi_m_ ðor bi hi_m_-ſeluen ſwor ðat he ſal michil hiſ kinde maken, And ðat lond he_m_ to honde taken; 1340 Good ſelðhe ſal him cumen on, for he ðiſ dede wulde don. [154] _read_ nog? ELIEZER IS SENT TO MESOPOTAMIA. Abraham went home joyful and glad. He wente bliðe and fagen agen, To berſabe he gunne teen, 1344 Sarra waſ fagen in kindes wune, ðat [hire][155] bilef ðat dere ſune. While at Beersheba he heard good tidings of Nahor. Ðor q_u_iles abraham wunede ðor, Him cam good tiding of nachor, 1348 ðat melca bar him egte ſunen; Huz was Nahor's first-born. Huſ waſ eldeſt, if we rigt munen. Job came of his kin. Rigt-wiſ iob cam of hiſ kin, Hus lond he waſ riche wid-hin;[156] 1352 Of Buz came the Buzites, Eliv and Balaam. Of[157] buz, hiſ broðeres kin, cam Buzites, Eliv, Balaam. [Fol. 27.] Abraham went again to Mamre. Abraham, riche of welðe and wale, wente a-gen in to manbre dale; 1356 Sarah died being 127 years old. Sarra ðo ſtarf, an hundred ger old And ſeuene and .xx. winter told. Abraham sent Eliezer to Mesopotamia, Abraham ſente eliezer to lond meſopotanie fer, 1360 To caram ðor iſ fader lay, (Or he cam ðor waſ manie day) to fetch a wife for Isaac. To fechen yſaac hom a wif, Of hiſ kinde ðe ðor waſ in lif. 1364 Ten camels he took with him. Ten kameles ſemeð[158] forð he nam, Eliezer came to a well without the city. Wið michel ſwinc he ðider cam At a welle wið-uten ðe tun; ðor he leide hiſe ſemes dun, 1368 He there prayed to God to send him good speed. ðor he wulde him reſten and ben, Sum good tiding heren or ſen. "Lou_er_d god," q_u_að he mildelike, "min erdne ðu forðe ſelðhelike, 1372 ðiſ dai me lene hire to ſen, ðat ſal yſaaces leman ben." He offered his prayer in a good time. He bad hiſe bede on good ſel. Rebecca, bi-geten of batuel, 1376 [155] MS. hire is written over in the later hand. [156] _read_ wið-hin [157] MS. "Ob." [158] _read_ ſemede? ELIEZER MEETS WITH REBEKAH. Rebekah came to that well, Of nachor bi-geten, of melca boren, Cam to ðat welle ðor him bi-foren, and she gave him and his camel water to drink. And hi_m_ and ilc-on his kamel Wið watres drinc ghe q_ue_mede wel. 1380 [Fol. 27b.] Oðere maidenes wið hire cumen, Ne wor nogt ſo forð ðeuwe numen. Eliezer learned that she was of the family of Nahor. Eliezer lerede ðor ðat batuel cam of nachor; 1384 Of batuel ðis maiden cam ghe waſ forð nifte of abraha_m_; Thought he, this maiden will I have as a wife for Isaac. ðogte he, ðiſ maiden wile ic hauen And to min lou_er_des bofte bi-crauen;[159] 1388 for kindes luue he waſ hire hold, He gave her ear-rings and bracelets of gold. Wið beges and ringes boðen of gold, Aſkede here if ghe migte taken Herberge for hire frendes ſake[n]. 1392 Maiden rebecca ðanne ran, And kiddit to hire broðer laban, Laban came to the well, invited him home, and entertained him well. And laban cam to ðat welle ner, faiger welcumede he ðer eliezer, 1396 And[160] fond good grið and good hostel, Him, and hiſe men, and hiſe kamel. Eliezer would not eat till he had told his errand; Eliezer, or he wulde eten, Wulde he nogt hiſe erdene for-geten; 1400 Al he tolde hem fro q_ue_ðen he cam, And for q_u_at erdene he ðider nam; Tolde hem tiding of abraham, Quilc ſelðe and welðhe him wel bi-cam, 1404 how he had been sent by Abraham to seek a wife for Isaac. Sent he waſ ðider, for kinde wune, After a wif to yſaac hiſ ſune. [Fol. 28.] ſeide he, "rebecca wile ic hauen, To yſac-iſ bi-ofte wile ic crauen. 1408 Laban and the mother were well pleased with the messenger. Laban and hiſ moder wið-ðan fagneden wel ðiſ ſondere man; [159] _read_ bi-ofte crauen? _v._ l. 1408. [160] Anð MS. ISAAC TAKES REBEKAH TO WIFE. (Quan god haueð it ſo bi-ſen, Alſe he ſendet, alſ it ſal ben.) 1412 With gold and silver and raiment Eliezer made the maiden proud. Wið gold, and ſilu_er_, and wið ſrud, ðiſ ſonde made ðe mayden prud; Gifts also he gave to the brother and mother. ðe broðer and de[161] moder oc Riche gifteſ eliezer ðe[162] toc. 1416 Sone o-morwen he gan hi_m_ garen, No longer than one night would he delay his errand. And crauede hiſ erdene, and wolde ho_m_ faren, for ſcrið, ne mede, ne wold he ðor Ou_er_ on nigt drechen nu_n_mor; 1420 And ðo gan ðat moder and laban Rebekah's consent was first asked and obtained. Rebecca freinen ðor for-ðan, And ghe it grantede mildelike, And he hire bi-tagten bliðelike. 1424 For this reason men ask the woman's will before she is given in marriage. Siðen men hauen holden ſkil, firſt to freinen ðe wi_m_maneſ wil, Or or men hire to lou_er_d giue, for wedding or for morgen-giwe. 1428 Eliezer takes his departure, wishing all a good day. Eliezer iſ went hiſ wei And haueð hem boden godun dai. Or he wel homward cumen was, Yſaac waſ cume to geraſis, 1432 [Fol. 28b.] Isaac mourned for the death of his mother. And wunede ðor in ðogt and care, for moderes dead and ſondes fare. In a weie an time he cam, And to a welle, ſigande, he nam, 1436 ðohgteful he waſ on felde gon; Eliezer him cam a-gon, Eliezer brought him a wife by whom he was comforted. Eððede hiſ ſorge, brogt him a wif Of faiger waspene,[163] of clene lif. 1440 He fagnede hire wið milde mod, Here ſameni[n]g was clene and god; Isaac loved Rebekah well, and she never contradicted him. He luuede hire on-like and wel, And ſge ne bi-ſpac him neu_er_e a del. 1444 [161] _read_ ðe [162] _read_ ðo? [163] An error for wasteme. THE BIRTH OF ESAU AND JACOB. Men say that Abraham called Hagar Keturah. Get men seyn[164] ðat abraham, ſiðen calde agar ceturam, She bore him seven sons. And ſge bar him ſiðen ſex ſunen; Abraham dede hem ſiðen ſundri wunen; 1448 fer eſt fro cratonidé, Weren he ſpred to ðe rede se. Yſaac he let al hiſ god, for he waſ bi-geten of kinde blod. 1452 Abraham died at the age of 175. An hundred ger hold and ſeuenti And .v. he waſ leid ſarram bi. boðen yſaac and yſmael Him bi-ſtoden wurlike and wel. 1456 Ishmael was 137 years old when he died. On hundred ger and .xxxvij. Liuede yſmael and waſ ðor bi. [Fol. 29.] Isaac was forty years old when he took Rebekah to wife. Yſaac waſ hold .xl. ger Quanne rebecca cam him ner; 1460 Longe it waſ or ghe him child bar, Isaac intreated the Lord for his wife, who was barren. And he bad god, qua_n_ne he it wurð war, ðat he ſulde fillen ðat quede ðat he[165] abraham q_u_ilum dede. 1464 ðo wurð rebecca childre bere, Rebekah conceived. ðat ghe felte ful time i_n_ gere; At on burdene ghe under-stod two ðe weren hire ſibbe blod; 1468 Alſe ðhute hire day and nigt, The children struggled together within her. Alſe he wrogten and[166] figt, Queðer here ſulde birðen bi-foren. Esau was the first born, and Jacob was born soon after. Oc eſau waſ firmeſt boren, 1472 And iacob ſone after, ic wot, for ðat he heldim bi ðe fot. Sixty years was Isaac at this time. Sexti ger yſaac waſ old, Quan ðiſ tidi[n]g him waſ told; 1476 Ghe[167] was abraham liues her, After ðiſ, fiftene ger. [164] _seyn_ is at the side in a later hand. [165] In a later hand at the side. [166] _read_ an? [167] _read_ get THE PRIVILEGES OF THE FIRST BORN. Isaac's sons grew up and had different occupations. Wexen boden yſaac ſunes, And ðhogen, and adden ſundri wunes; 1480 Esau was a hunter, and Jacob a husbandman. Eſau wilde man huntere, And Iacob tame man tiliere. Isaac loved Esau for that he was the eldest. ðe fader luuede eſau wel, for firme birðe & ſwete mel; 1484 [Fol. 29b.] Rebekah loved Jacob because of his peaceful disposition. ðe moder, iacob for tamehed, And for ðe ali gaſteſ red. Iacob An time him ſeð a mete Jacob sod pottage. ðat man callen lentil gete, 1488 Esau came from the field hungry. And eſau fro felde cam, Sag ðis pulment, hunger hi_m_ nam. "Brother," said he, "give me of this warm meat, for I am weary." "Broðer iacob," q_u_at eſau, "Of ðiſ warme mete ðu gif me nu, 1492 for ic ham mattilike weri." Iacob wurð war he waſ gredi; Jacob said, "Sell me thy birthright, and I will fill thee with meat." "Broðer," q_u_ad he, "ſel me ðo wunes, ðe q_ue_ðen ben ðe firme ſunes, 1496 ðat ic ðin firme birðehe gete, If ic ðe fille wið ðiſ mete." Esau consented full blithely. Q_u_ad eſau, "ful bliðelike," And gafe it him wel ſikerlike. 1500 The eldest son was highly honoured. firme birðe waſ wurði wune ðe fader dede ðe firme ſune; ðe firme ſune at offrende ſel Waſ wune ben ſcrid ſemelike and wel, 1504 At his father's death he had the blessing. And ſulde auen ðe bliſcing Or or ðe fader dede hiſ endi_n_g; And at heg tide and at geſtni_n_g, ðe gungere[168] ſune geuen ðe bliſcing, 1508 At meat he had a double portion. And hauen mete ðan at iſ mel, More or ðe gungere twinne del; [Fol. 30.] His inheritance was twice as much as the younger's share. And q_u_anne ðe fader were grauen, two doles of ereward riche auen. 1512 [168] An error for eldere. JACOB DEFRAUDS ESAU OF THE BLESSING. A famine banished Isaac to Gerar. An time dede hunger yſaac flen, And he wulde to egipte then,[169] Oc god him ſente reed in wis ðat he bi-lef in geraſis; 1516 For his father's sake he was highly esteemed. ðor he was for hiſ fadreſ luue[n] Holden wurðelike a wel a-buuen. An hundred ſo mikel wex hiſ tile, So may god friðe ðor he wile. 1520 The folk of Gerar envied Isaac, so he left them and went to Beersheba. Niðede ðat folk him fel wel And deden him flitten hiſe oſtel. At berſabe he wunede beſt, And ðor wurð wið him trewðe feſt 1524 Abimelech made a covenant with Isaac. Abimalech, and luue ſworen, So he waſ or iſ fader bi-foren. And helde gede on yſaac, Isaac became old and sightless. Wurðede ſighteleſ and elde ſwac;[170] 1528 He bad eſau, hiſ firme ſune, He sends Esau for venison, fechin him fode, aſ he waſ wune; If he toke him ðat he wulde eten, and promises him his blessing. Hiſ ſeli bliſcing ſulde he bi-geten. 1532 Ðor q_u_iles eſau ſogte and ran, Rebekah instructs Jacob how to obtain the blessing. Rebecca iacob reden gan; Two kides he fette and brogtes hire, And ghe knew wel ðe faderes kire,[171] 1536 [Fol. 30b.] And made ſwiðe on ſele ðat mete, ſwilc ghe wiſte he wulde eten; She made him rough like Esau. Sridde ghe iacob and made him ru ðor he was bare(.) nu lik eſau; 1540 And he ſeruede hiſ fader wel Jacob obtained the blessing from his father. Wið wines drinc and ſeles mel. Yſaac wende it were eſau, for he grapte him and fond hi_m_ ru; 1544 ðanne he wiſte him on gode ſel, He him bliſcede holdelike and wel; [169] _read_ ten? [170] _read_ eldes wac [171] Glossed _wune_ in later hand. ESAU THREATENS TO KILL JACOB. The dew of heaven, the fatness of the earth, plenty of corn and wine, and the lordship over his brethren. "Heuene dew, and erðeſ fetthed, Of win and olie fulſum-hed," 1548 And bad him of hiſ kindes lou_er_d ben, In welðe and migt wurðinge ðen. Wel bliðe and fagen was iacob ðo, for bliſced he wente hiſ fader fro. 1552 When Isaac understood that Esau came too late he was seized with great fear. Quan yſaac it under-nam ðat eſau to late cam, And ðat iſ broðer, af-ter boren, Waſ kumen and hadde iſ bliſcing bi-foren, 1556 Wel ſelkuðlike he wurð for-dred; In his dread he saw how God would that it should so be. And in ðat dred hiſ ðogt waſ led In to ligtneſſe for to ſen Quow god wulde it ſulde ben. 1560 To Esau thus he spoke: ðo ſeide yſaac to eſau, "Thy brother was here just now, and has taken thy blessing, and he shall be blessed." "ðin broðer iacob waſ her nu, [Fol. 31.] And toc ðin bliſcing liðer-like, And he wurð bliſced witterlike." 1564 Quad eſau, "rigt iſ hiſ name hoten iacob, to min un-frame; Esau intreats for one blessing. Or he min firme birðe toc, Nu haued[172] he ſtolen min bliſcing oc; 1568 ðog, fader dere, bidde ic ðe, ðat ſum bliſcing gif ðu me." Isaac promises him that his dwelling shall be of the fatness of the earth and of the dew of heaven. ðo gan eſau ðengen[173] and ſen Quilc iſ bliſcing migte ben; 1572 In heuene deu, and erðes ſmere, Gatte him bliſcing ðat him waſ gere; Idumea became Esau's inheritance. for ydumea, ðat fulſum lond, Of lewſe god, was in hiſe hond. 1576 Esau threatens Jacob. Q_u_ad eſau, "grot ſal bi-cumen, And wreche of iacob ſal binumen." Oc rebecca wiſte ðat ðhogt, ðat hate waſ in hiſe herte brogt, 1580 Rebekah warns Jacob of his brother's intentions. for-ði ghe iacob warnen gan, And ſente him to hiſ broðer laban; [172] _read_ haueð [173] _read_ ðenken JACOB IS SENT TO PADAN-ARAM. "be ðu ðer," q_u_at ghe, "til eſau Eðe moðed [be], ðe wreðed nu, 1584 And ðu ſalt ðe betre ſped, Rebekah complains to Isaac of Esau's marriage and connection with the Canaanites. If it beð bi ðin faderes red." Q_u_ad rebecca to hire were, "Eſau wifuede uſ to dere 1588 [Fol. 31b.] Quan he iuſted & beð ſo mat, Toc of kin ðe canaan bi-gat, For-ði he maked him ſtið & ſtrong, For he beð mengt ðat kin among; 1592 If iacob toke her alſo a wif, Ne bode ic no lengere werldeſ lif. Isaac blesses Jacob, Yſaac bad iacob hi_m_ garen, and sends him to Padan-aram. And forð ſwiðe to laban faren; 1596 Iacob liſtenede ðo frendes red, Fro berſabe he ferde wið ſped; Jacob went a long way about, Long weie he gan to-ward aram, bi cananeam forð he nam, 1600 in order to avoid the houses of the Canaanites. And wulde nogt ðat folc bi-twen Herberged in here huſes ben. At Luz he tarried all night. He lay bi luzan ut on nigt, A ſton under hiſe heued rigt, 1604 In a dream he saw a ladder reaching from earth to heaven, And ſlep and ſag, an ſoðe drem, fro ðe erðe up til heuene bem, A leddre ſtonden, and ðor-on angels ascending and descending, and the Lord stood above it. Angeles dun-cumen and up-gon, 1608 And ðe lou_er_d ðor uppe a-buuen Lened[174] ðor-on; and [Jacob] wurð ut-ſuuen, "I am," He said, "the God of Abraham and of Isaac; Herde ðat he q_u_ad, "god ic am ðe luued yſaac and abraham; 1612 this land will I give thee, and in thy seed shall all mankind be blessed." And ðis lond ic ſal giuen ðin ſed, And in ðis weige don ðe red; [Fol. 32.] And i ſal bringen ðe a-gen, And of ðin kinde bliſced ðu ſalt ben." 1616 [174] _read_ leued = remained? FROM LUZ HE JOURNEYS TO HARAN. Jacob awoke. "Surely," he said, "here is God's house. Iacob abraid, & ſeide frigtilike:— "God in ðis ſtede iſ wittirlike, Her, dredful ſtede, her, godeſ hus, Her, heuenegate amonguſ[175] us; 1620 If I may come again to my father's house, Lou_er_d, if ic mote a-gen cumen, Of ðis ſtede ic ſal i_n_ herte munen;" (Sette he up ðat ſton for muniging, And get on olige for tok-ning) 1624 the lord shall be my God, "He ſal eu_er_e min lou_er_d ben, ðat dede me her ðis ſigt[e] ſen, here I shall brake offerings, and yield tithes." Her ic ſal offrendes here don And tigðes wel gelden her-up-on; 1628 And wel ſal luz wurðed ben, for ic gan her ðis ſigðhe ſen." Jacob called the place Bethel. Iacob calde ðat ſtede betel; Q_u_or-fore he it dede, he wiſte wel. 1632 Longe weie he ſiðen ou_er_-cam, Jacob pursues his journey. And longe time or he ſag tharam. Q_u_ane he cam ner, fond he ðor-on He finds a well at Haran; three flocks of sheep were lying by it. A welle wel helid under a ſton, 1636 And ðre flockes of ſep dor-bi,[176] The cattle did not go to water one by one, but were all collected together at one time. ðat ðor abiden al for-ði; ðor waſ nogt wune on & on, ðat orf ðor to water gon, 1640 [Fol. 32b.] Oc at ſet time he ſulden ſamen, ðor hem-ſelf & here orf framen. Jacob asks the herdsmen the way to Laban's house. Iacob ðes hirdes freinen gan, Hu fer iſt heðen to laban; 1644 Wel he ſeiden and ſwiðe wel, They answered, "Here is Rachel his daughter." She came to bring the sheep to the well. "loc! her hiſ dogter rachel." Sep he driuen ðiſ welle ner, for ghe hem wulde wattre ðer. 1648 Jacob rolled the stone from the well's mouth. Iacob wið hire wente ðat ſton, And let hire ſep to wat_er_ gon; He made known his relationship to Rachel. And kidde he was hire mouies ſune, And kiſte hire aftre kindes wune; 1652 [175] So in MS. [176] _read_ ðor-bi JACOB COVENANTS FOR RACHEL. Rachel was bliðe and forð ghe nam, And kiddit to hire fader laban. Laban welcomes his nephew and brings him to his house. Laban fagnede hi_m_ in frendes wune, feren ſwunken yſaaces ſunen. 1656 Iacob tolde him for q_u_at he ſwanc So fer, and laban herte ranc; He cuðe him ðer-of wel gret ðhanc, He entertains him well. And dede him eten and to him dranc, 1660 And ſeide to him, "bi min blod, ðin come iſ me leflike and good." Jacob abode with Laban for one month, Laban bi-tagte him, ſiðen to ſen, Hiſ hirdeneſſe ðat it wel ben. 1664 after which time Laban said to him, And q_u_anne a moneð was ou_er_-meten, "Iacob," wað he, "q_u_at wiltu bi-geten? [Fol. 33.] "Tell me what shall thy wages be." Quat-ſo [177][ðu] wilt for hire crauen, Aſke it wið ſkil and ðu ſalt hauen." 1668 Jacob covenanted for Rachel. Q_u_at iacob, "ic ſal, for rachel, Seruen ðe ſeuene winter wel." Luue wel michil it agte a wold, Swilc ſeruiſe and ſo longe told. 1672 Seven years passed away and Laban made a feast. forð geden ſeuene ger bi tale, And laban made him hiſ bridale; When even came Jacob was deceived with Leah. Iacob wurð drunken, and euen cam, Laban bi nigt tog him liam; 1676 And a maiden waſ hire bi-tagt, Zelfa bi name, ðat ilke nagt. Iacob gan hire under-fon, Laban says that it was not the custom to marry the younger before the first-born. O morgen ðugte it hi_m_ miſ-don. 1680 Q_u_at laban, "long wune iſ her driuen, firmeſt on elde, firſt ben giuen: And loð me waſ ſenden rachel So fer, for ic luuede her wel; 1684 Jacob agrees to serve other seven years for Rachel. Oc ſerf me ſeuene oðer ger, If ðu ſalt rachel ſeruen her; [177] At bottom of Fol. 32b is the catchword—"q_u_at ſo ðu wilt." JACOB MARRIES RACHEL. Seue nigt ſiðen forð ben numen Or rachel beð to iacob cumen, 1688 And laban made a feſte oc Jacob marries Rachel. Qua_n_ne iacob wid[178] rachel toc; And for ghe ðanne cam hi_m_ ner, ſeruede he hi_m_ ſiðen ſeuene ger. 1692 [Fol. 33b.] Rachel adde, after londes kire,[179] maiden balaam to ſeruen hire. Leah was the mother of four sons. LIa moder of fowre was, Ruben, ſymeon, leui, iudas; 1696 Rachel was barren. for rachel non birðe ne nam, Sge[180] bi-tagte iacob balaam; Bilhah, her handmaid, bare Dan and Naphtali. bala two childre bar bi him, Rachel cald es[181] dan(.) neptalim; 1700 Zilpah bare Gad and Asher. And zelfa two ſunes him ber, Lia calde iſ(.) Gad(.) and aſſer; Leah afterwards bare Zebulun, Issachar, and Dinah. Lia ſiðen two ſunes bar, Zabulon(.) laſt(.) or yſakar; 1704 Lia bar laſt dowter dinam, Sichem, ſiðen, hire ille bi-nam. At last Joseph was born of Rachel. Last of rachel iosep was boren, Beſt of alle ðe oðere bi-foren. 1708 Longe haued[182] nu iacob ben her, wið laban fulle .xiii. ger; Jacob desires leave of Laban to depart. Leue aſkede hem hom to faren, Wið wiues and childre ðeðen charen, 1712 Laban would not let him depart. But-if laban him ðelde bet Hiſe ſeruiſe, and wið-holde hi_m_ get; ſerue he ſcriðed ðat .vij. ger, ðat he bi-leue and ſerue hi_m_ her; 1716 He promises him to give him for hire whatever he shall ask. Wel he ſeið him ðat he ſal hauen for hire, quat-ſo he wile crauen. [Fol. 34.] forward iſ mad of alle ſep, Of oneſ bles[183] iacob nim kep, 1720 Jacob is to have all the speckled And if of ðo ſpotted cumen, [178] wið? [179] Glossed _wune_ in a later hand. [180] she? [181] caldes MS. [182] haueð? [183] fles MS. JACOB LEAVES LABAN SECRETLY. and spotted cattle for his hire. ðo ſulen him ben for hire numen; Sep or got, haſwed, arled, or grei, Ben don fro iacob fer a-wei; 1724 The flocks produced many speckled and spotted. ðog him boren ðes oneſ bles Vn-like manige and likeles. Laban was greatly displeased. ðo ſag laban ðat iacob bi-gat Michil, and him miſlikede ðat; 1728 He changed Jacob's hire. bi-tagte him ðo ðe ſunder bles, And it him boren ones bles. Ten times within six years he shifted the cattle. Ten ſiðes ðus binnen .vi. ger, Shiftede iacob hirdeneſſe her, 1732 And ai was labaneſ herte ſor, for hiſ agte wex mor & mor. Jacob saw that Laban was unfriendly towards him, Ðo ſag iacob laban wurð wroð, Vnder him ben leng iſ hi_m_ loð, 1736 so he determined to leave Padanaram. And wið iſ wiues he takeð red, And greiðet him deðenward[184] wið ſped. Laban had left Haran to shear his sheep. Laban ferde to nimen kep, In clipping time to hiſe ſep, 1740 fro caram in-to vten ſtede, ðor q_u_iles iacob ðiſ dede dede; Wið wiues, and childre, & orf he nam, Jacob came to mount Gilead, And to ðe munt galaad he bi-cam; 1744 [Fol. 34b.] ðanne fleg he to meſopotaniam, and drew towards Canaan. And drog to-ward cananeam. And Rachel adde hid and for-olen Rachel had stolen her father's gods. Hire faderes godes of gold, & ſtolen. 1748 Laban it wiſte on ðe ðridde dai Laban, hearing of Jacob's flight, pursues him. ðat iacob waſ ðus flogen a-wei; He toc, and wente, and folwede on, And ðhogt in mod iacob to ſlon, 1752 God, in a dream, forbids Laban to harm Jacob. Oc god in ſweuene ſpac him to, ðat he ſulde iacob non yuel do. Laban overtakes Jacob on the seventh day. vij. nigt forð-geden and dais oc, Or laban iacob ouer-toc; 1756 [184] ðeðenward? THE COVENANT BETWEEN JACOB AND LABAN. So waſ he frig[t]ed ear in drem, ðus meðelike ſpac ðiſ em: He complains of the wrong done to him. "Q_u_i wore ðu fro me for-holen, And q_u_i aſ ðu min godes ſtolen? 1760 Min mog, min neue, and felage, Me ne agtes ðu don ſwilc [vn-]lage." "[I]c was for-dred ðe migte timen, fro me ðine doutres bi-nimen, 1764 Jacob denies that he has been guilty of theft. fro here childre ðhogt hem ſor, mor for me bi-leuen ðor; ſtalðe ic for-ſake, ðat iſ min red, wið q_u_am ðu iſ findes, ðat he be dead." 1768 Laban searched for his idols, but found them not. Of al ðat laban haued[185] iſ ſogt, So woren it hid, ne fond he is nogt. [Fol. 35.] Then said Jacob, "What is my sin that thou ransackest me as a thief?" Ðo [q]wað iacob, "yuel iſt bi-togen, Min ſwinc a-buten ðin holðe drogen; 1772 ðu me ranſakes alſ an ðef, And me was ðin wurðing lef." Quoth Laban, "Friends will we be and plight troth between us." ðo q_u_at laban, "frend ſule wit ben, And trewðe pligt[186] nu unc bi-twen, 1776 And make we it her an hil of ſton, Name of witneſſe be ðer-on;" ðor-on he eten bliðe and glað,[187] This covenant was made at Gilead. ðat hil iſ hoten galaað; 1780 Laban hem bliſcede, & on nigt Laban departed before daylight. wente a-gen-ward, or it waſ ligt; And iacob waſ of weie rad, Raðe he was fer fro laban ſad. 1784 As Jacob drew near to Canaan, he was met by the angels of God. Alſ he cam ner cananeam, Engel wirð a-gen him cam, Als it were wopnede here, Redi to ſilden him fro were; 1788 That place he called Mahanaim. ðat ſtede he calde manaim, ðor ðis wird of engeles metten hi_m_. ðor he bi-lef, and ſente ðeden[188] Jacob sends messengers to Esau. Sondere men to freinen and q_ue_ðen 1792 [185] haueð? [186] wligt MS. [187] glad? [188] ðeðen? THE MEETING OF ESAU AND JACOB. If eſau wulde him ogt deren, Word came to him that Esau was on his way to meet him. ðog wiſte wel god ſulde hi_m_ weren; ðor him cam bode him for to ſen, ðat eſau him cam a-gen; 1796 [Fol. 35b.] Jacob sends a rich present to Esau. And iacob ſente fer bi-foren hi_m_ riche loac, and ſundri boren, And iordan he dede ouer waden, Orf & men, wið welðe laden; 1800 And he bi-lef ðor on ðe nigt to bidden helpe of godeſ migt. He wrestled with an angel, And ðor wreſtelede an engel wið, Senwe ſpru_n_gen fro ðe lið; 1804 and the sinew shrank from the thigh. (wulde he non ſenwe ſiðen eten, Self his kinde nile ðat wune forgeten.) Jacob would not let the angel go, Get held he wið ðis angel faſt, Til ðe daning up eſten it braſt; 1808 ðo ſeide ðe engel, "let me get ben, ðe daining her nu men mai sen." until he had blessed him. Q_u_ad iacob, "ðe ne leate ic nogt, Til ðin bliſcing on me beð wrogt." 1812 Jacob prevailed, and his name was called Israel. Ðo q_u_ad ðe angel, "ſal tu nu_m_mor ben cald iacob, ſo ðu wore or, Oc ðu ſal ben hoten iſr_ae_l, for ðu ðe weries ſwiðe wel; 1816 Q_u_an ðe ðe migt wið angel weren, Hu ſal ani man ðe mugen deren? Ear iacob and nu iſrael." This place was called Penuel. ðat ſte[de] was cald phanuel, 1820 for he nam ou_er_ phanuel; And it wurð ligt and he ſag wel [Fol. 36.] The meeting of Jacob and Esau. Q_u_or eſau a-gen him cam, And bi-foren a-gen him na_m_; 1824 And ſeue ſiðes he fell hi_m_ bi-foren, And wurðe him ſo firmeſt boren; The brothers become reconciled to each other. And eſau ðo ran him to, And kiſſede, and wept, ðo rew hi_m_ ſo. 1828 JACOB DWELLS AT SUCCOTH. DINAH'S FOLLY. Esau welcomes Jacob, "Broðer," q_u_ad he, "ðu and ðin trume ben here i_n_ ðiſ place to me welcume; Haue and bruc wel al ðin p_re_ſent, ðat ðu to me bringeſt and haueſt ſent." 1832 Iacob was wo ðat he iſ for-ſoc, accepts his present, And ſcroð hi_m_ ſo(.) ðat ſu_m_ he ðor tok. Here luue ðo wurð hol and ſchir, and departs unto Seir. And eſau ferde forð ðeden[189] to ſeyr; 1836 ðat newe burg waſ him to frame, Mad and cald of iſ owen name. From thence Jacob went to Succoth, Iacob fro ðeðen wente, ic wot, tgelt on a ſtede, and cald it[190] ſochot; 1840 fro ſochot ſiðen to ſichem, and afterwards to Shalem, And wune ðor-inne ſalem, where he bought a piece of land from Hamor. ðor him ſolde an lond kinge emor, And he drog ðider and wunede ðor; 1844 wið newe alter wurðed he wel ðe ſtrong god of yſrael. Here his daughter Dinah "mis-did." Hiſ dowter dina ðor miſ-dede, ghe nam leueles fro ðat ſtede, 1848 [Fol. 36b.] She went out to see the world. To ſen de werld ðhugte hire god, ðat made hire ſiðen ſeri-mod, for-liſtede hire owen red; Shechem took her maidenhead. Sichem tok hire maiden-hed; 1852 Emor his fader, ſiðen for-ði, And hiſ burge-folc fellen in wi; Simeon and Levi slew the Shechemites and spoiled the city. Symeon and leui it bi-ſpeken, And hauen here ſiſter ðor i-wreken; 1856 folc of ſalem ðor-fore waſ ſlagen, wiwes, and childre, and agte up-dragen; Oc iacob ne wiſte it nogt, Jacob reproved Simeon and Levi for their cruelty. Til ðat wreche to bale was wrogt, 1860 Oc michil he frigtede for-ði, boðen ſymeon and leui. They durst not dwell longer at Shechem, but went to Bethel. Henden ſichem ne durſten he wunen, ðat folkes kin god bad hi_m_ ſunen, 1864 [189] ðeðen? [190] caldit MS. BENJAMIN IS BORN. RACHEL DIES. And ðeden[191] faren to betel, And he folgede iſ red on ſel; Their unclean goods they bore not with them. Agte unclene ne wulde he beren, for he dredde hi_m_ it ſulde hi_m_ deren; 1868 Godes ðat rachel hadde ſtolen, And ay til ðan wið hi_m_ for-holen, Their idols and gold rings they buried under an oak. And oðre ydeles brogt fro ſichem, Gol prenes and ringeſ wið hem, 1872 Diep he iſ dalf under an ooc, Made him no_n_ giſcing i_n_ herte wooc. [Fol. 37.] Long they remained buried, until Solomon found them and decked his temple with them. Longe it weren ðor for-hid; Men ſeið for-ði waſ ſo bi-tid, 1876 for ſalamon findin iſ ſal, And hiſ temple ſriðen wið-al. Iacob wente fro ðeden[192] i_n_ ſped, God sent a fear upon the folk round about, so they did no hurt to the sons of Jacob. God ſente on ðat erdfolc ſwilc dred, 1880 ðan[193] here non iacob ſcaðe ne dede; Q_u_ane he wente a-wei fro ðat ſtede, Jacob makes an altar at Bethel. He made an alter at betel, Alſ he god bi-het, ðor he geld wel. 1884 Benjamin is born. Siðen ðo beniamin was boren, Rachel dies. Rachel adde ðe life for-loren; Iacob dalf hire and merke dede, ðat iſ get ſene on ðat ſtede. 1888 At Edar Reuben "misdid" and lay with his father's concubine. Ðor q_u_iles he wunede at tur ader, Ruben miſdede wid[194] bala ðer. Jacob arrives at Hebron, and finds his mother gone from this world. Siðen cam iacob to ebron, And fond his moder of werlde gon; 1892 Starf yſaac q_u_an he waſ hold Isaac dies at the age of nine score years. .ix. ſcore ger and fiue told, And was doluen on ðat ſtede, ðor man adam and eue dede. 1896 So riche were growen hiſe ſunen, ðat he ne migte to-gider wunen; Esau dwells in Edom, Oc eſau, ſeyr [and] edon Lond ydumeam wunede on; 1900 [191] ðeðen? [192] ðeðen? [193] ðat? [194] wið? JOSEPH IS HATED BY HIS BRETHREN. [Fol. 37b.] Of edon ſo it higte ða, which was before called Bozra. for it was hoten ear bozra. Hear haued[195] moyſes ou_er_-gon, ðor-fore he wended eft a-gon. 1904 xii. ger or yſaac waſ dead Jacob's sons did wickedly. Iacobes ſunes deden un-red; Joseph was sixteen when sold into Egypt. FOr ſextene ger ioſeph was old, Q_u_ane he was in-to egipte ſold; 1908 He was iacobes gunkeſte ſune, Joseph informed his father of his brethren's misdeeds. Bricteſt of waſpene,[196] and of witt_er_ wune, If he ſag hiſe breðere miſ-faren, Hiſ fader he it gan vn-hillen & baren; 1912 He wulde ðat he ſulde hem ten ðat he wel-ðewed ſulde ben; His brethren envied him on account of his dreams. for-ði wexem[197] wið gret nið And hate, for it in ille [herte] lið. 1916 ðo wex her hertes niðful & bold Q_u_anne he hem adde iſ dremeſ told, ðat hiſ handful ſtod rigt up ſoren, The vision of the sun, moon, and eleven stars. And here it leigen alle he_m_ bi-foren; 1920 And ſunne, & mone, & ſterres .xi^e.[198] wurðeden hi_m_ wið frigti luue; ðo ſeide hiſ fader, "hu mai ðis ſen ðat ðu ſalt ðuſ wurðed ben, 1924 Jacob reproached his son, yet he believed it should be so. ðat ðine breðere, and ic, and ſhe ðat ðe bar, ſulen luten ðe?" [Fol. 38.] ðuſ he chidden hem bi-twen, ðoge ðhogte iacob ſiðe it ſulde ben. 1928 The sons of Jacob kept flocks at Shechem. Hiſe breðere kepten at ſichem Hirdneſſe, & iacob to ſen hem Joseph was sent to see how they fared. ſente ioſeph to dalen ebron; And he was redi his wil to don. 1932 In ſichem feld ne fonde he_m_ nogt, His brethren knew him from afar, In dotayin he fond he_m_ ſogt; He knewen hi_m_ fro feren kumen, [195] haueð? [196] wasteme? [197] So in MS. [198] For endluue? JOSEPH IS SOLD TO CHAPMEN, Hate hem on ros, i_n_ herte numen; 1936 Swilc nið & hate roſ hem on, and took counsel to slay him. He redden alle him for to ſlon. "Nai," q_u_ad ruben, "ſlo we hi_m_ nogt, Reuben advised them to throw Joseph into an old and deep pit. Oðer ſinne may ben wrogt, 1940 Q_u_at-ſo him drempte ðor q_u_iles he ſlep, In ðiſ ðiſterneſſe,[199] old and dep, Get wurðe[200] worpen naked and cold, Q_u_at-ſo hiſ dremeſ owen a-wold." 1944 ðiſ dede waſ don wid[201] herte ſor, Reuben left his brethren to seek better pasture for his cattle. Ne wulde ruben nogt drechen ðor; He gede and ſogte an oðer ſtede, Hiſ erue i_n_ bettre lewſe he dede; 1948 Judah gave them bad advice, Vdas dor[202] q_u_iles gaf hem red, ðat was fulfilt of derne ſped; fro galaad men wið chafare Sag he ðor kumen wid ſpices ware; 1952 [Fol. 38b.] To-warde egipte he gunne ten. Iudas tagte hu it ſulde ben, and Joseph was sold for thirty pieces of silver. Ioseph ſolde ðe breðere ten, for .xxx. plates to ðe chapmen; 1956 Get waſt bettre he ðuſ waſ ſold, dan[203] he ðor ſtorue i_n_ here wold. Reuben came thither again and found Joseph gone. Ðan r_u_ben cam ðider a-gen, to ðat ciſt_er_neſſe[204] he ran to ſen; 1960 He miſſed Ioseph and ðhogte ſwem, Great was his outcry, which did not cease until he was assured that Joseph lived. wende him ſlagen, ſet up an rem; Nile he blinnen, ſwilc ſorwe he cliued, Til him he ſweren ðat he liued. 1964 ðo nomen he ðe childes ſrud, ðe iacob hadde mad im[205] i_n_ prud; Joseph's coat was dipt in kid's blood, In kides blod he wenten it, ðo waſ ðor-on an rewli lit. 1968 Sondere men he it leiden on, [199] cisterneſſe? [200] _he_ is inserted in the later hand. [201] wið? [202] ðor? [203] ðan? [204] MS. cift_er_neſſe. [205] madim in MS. WHO SELL HIM TO POTIPHAR, AN EGYPTIAN. and sent to Jacob at Hebron. And ſenten it iacob i_n_-to ebron, And ſhewed it hi_m_, and boden hi_m_ ſen If hiſ childes wede it migte ben; 1972 Senten him bode he funden it. ðo iacob ſag dat[206] ſori writ, "Evil beasts," said Jacob, "have swallowed my son." He gret, and ſeide ðat "wilde der Hauen min ſune ſwolgen her." 1976 Long was his lamentation and sorrow. Hiſ cloðes rent, in haigre ſrid, Long grot and ſorge is hi_m_ bi-tid. [Fol. 39.] His ſunes comen him to ſen, And hertedin him if it migte ben; 1980 Jacob would not be comforted for the loss of Joseph. "Nai! nai!" q_u_at he, "helped it nogt, Mai non herti_n_g on me ben wrogt; ic ſal ligten til helle dale, And groten ðor min ſunes bale." 1984 In hell was a separate abode where the righteous rested, (ðor was in helle a ſundri ſtede, wor ðe ſeli folc reſte dede; ðor he ſtunden til helpe cam, till Christ took them from thence. Til ih_es_u crist fro ðeden[207] he nam.) 1988 ðe chapmen ſkiuden here fare, The merchants took their ware to Egypt. In-to egipte ledden ðat ware; wið putifar ðe kinges ſtiward, He maden ſwiðe bigetel forward, 1992 So michel fe ðor iſ hem told, He hauen him bogt, he hauen ſold. Potiphar bought Joseph. Putifar waſ wol riche man, And he bogte ioſeph al forðan 1996 He entertained impure desires towards him, He wulde don iſ lechur-hed wið ioseph, for hiſe faire-hed, Oc he wurð ðo ſo kinde cold, To don ſwilc dede adde he no wold; 2000 but Joseph was strengthened from above. ſwilc ſelðe cam him fro a-buuen, God dede it al for ioſeph luue[n]. Biſſop in eliopoli[208] Men ſeið he was ſiðen for-ði, 2004 [206] ðat? [207] ðeðen? [208] In [H]Eliopolis; the words are run together. JOSEPH IS CAST INTO PRISON. [Fol. 39b.] ðog had he ðo wif(.) and bi-foren Childre of him bi-geten and of hire boren, Oc after ðis it ſo bi-cam, Ioseph iſ dowter to wiue nam. 2008 Potiphar loved Joseph well. Putifar luuede ioſeph wel, bi-tagte him hiſ huſ eu_er_ilc del, And he wurðede riche man an heg, His wealth prospered under Joseph's care. vnder ioſeph hiſ welðe ðeg. 2012 Hiſ wif wurð wilde, and nam i_n_ ðogt His wife sought to lead Joseph astray. vn-rigt-wiſ luue, and ſwanc for nogt, One and ſtille ðogt hire gamen wið ioſeph ſpeken and plaigen ſamen; 2016 For gold nor for wealth of any kind would he "forget his chastity." Ghe bed him gold, and agte, and fe, To maken him riche man and fre, wið-ðhan ðat he wið here wile; Oc hi_m_ mislikede ðat ghe wile; 2020 for ſcrið, ne ðret, ne mai ghe bi-geten for to don hi_m_ chaſthed for-geten; Neither threats nor intreaties prevailed. Often ghe ðrette, often ghe ſcroð, Oc al it was him o-like loð. 2024 An time he was at hire tgeld, ðo ghe him his mentel for-held; Wherefore she sought to be revenged upon Joseph. for he wið hire ne wulde ſpeken, Ghe ðhenkeð on hi_m_ for to ben wreken; 2028 Sone ghe mai hire lou_er_d[209] ſen, Ghe god him bitt_er_like a-gen, [Fol. 40.] She accused him falsely to Potiphar, And ſeið ioſeph hire wulde don, ðat ghe ne migte hi_m_ bringen on; 2032 "ðiſ mentel ic wið-held for-ði, To tawnen [ðe] ðe ſoðe her-bi." ðe wite iſ hiſe(.) ðe right iſ hire, God al-migtin ðe ſoðe ſhire. 2036 who, believing his wife's tale, Pvtifar trewið hiſe wiwes tale, And haued[210] dempt ioſep to bale; He bad [him] ben ſperd faſt dun, threw Joseph into prison. And holden harde i_n_ priſun. 2040 [209] MS. loru_er_d. [210] ? haueð. HE INTERPRETS THE PRISONERS' DREAMS. An litel ſtund, q_u_ile he waſ ðer, The gaoler loved Joseph. So gan him luuen ðe p_ri_ſuner, And hi_m_ de[211] chartre haueð bi-tagt, In this prison, either for misdeed or bad words, wið ðo p_ri_ſunes to liuen i_n_ hagt. 2044 Or for miſdede, or for on-ſagen, ðor woren to ðat p_ri_ſun dragen, were placed the chief butler and baker. On ðat ðe kingeſ kuppe bed, And on ðe made ðe kingeſ bred; 2048 Both dreamt dreams in one night, Hem drempte dremes boðen onigt, And he wurðen ſwiðe ſore o-frigt; Ioſeph hem ſeruede ðor on ſel, At here drink and at here mel, 2052 which caused them to become very sorrowful. He herde hem m_ur_nen(.) he hem freinde for-q_u_at; Harde dremes ogen awold ðat. Joseph inquired the reason of their grief. ðo ſeide he to ðe butuler, "Tel me ðin drem, mi broðer her. 2056 [Fol. 40b.] Q_u_eðer-ſo it wurðe ſofte or ſtrong, ðe reching wurð on god bi-long." The butler's dream. "Me drempte, ic ſtod at a win-tre, A vine with three branches ðat adde waxen buges ðre, 2060 Oreſt it blomede, and ſiðen bar bore grapes; ðe beries ripe wurð ic war; ðe kinges [kuppe] ic hadde on hond, the juice the butler squeezed into Pharaoh's cup, and gave him to drink as he was wont. ðe beries ðor-inne me ðhugte ic wrong, 2064 And bar it drinken to pharaon, Me drempte, alſ ic waſ wune to don." "Good it is," said Joseph, "to dream of wine. "Good is," q_u_að Ioſeph, "to dremen of win, heilneſſe an bliſſe iſ ðer-in; 2068 In three days thou shalt be restored to thy office, ðre daies ben get for to cumen, ðu ſalt ben ut of p_ri_ſun numen, And on ðin offiz ſet agen; then think of me and bear my errand to Pharaoh, Of me ðu ðhenke ðan it ſal ben, 2072 Bed min herdne to pharaon, ða[t] ic ut of p_ri_sun wurðe don, for I am here wrongfully held in prison." for ic am ſtolen of kinde lond, and her wrigteleſlike holden i_n_ bond." 2076 [211] ðe? KING PHARAOH DREAMS A DREAM, The "breadwright's" dream. Quað ðis bred-wrigte, "liðeð nu me, me drempte ic bar bread-lepes ðre, And ðor-in bread and oðer meten, Q_u_ilke ben wune ðe kinges to eten; 2080 Fowls seized on the baskets of bread intended for the king, And fugeles hauen ðor-on lagt, ðor-fore ic am i_n_ ſorge and hagt, [Fol. 41.] for ic ne migte me nogt weren, and he could not keep the meat from them. Ne ðat mete fro hem beren." 2084 "Me wore leuere," q_u_ad Ioſeph, "Of eddi dremes rechen ſwep; "In three days," said Joseph, "thou shalt be hanged, and fowls shall tear thy flesh in pieces." ðu ſalt, after ðe ðridde dei, ben do on rode, weila-wei! 2088 And fugeles ſulen ði fleis to-teren, ðat ſal non agte mugen ðe weren." Soð wurð ſo ioſeph ſeide ðat, The butler soon forgat Joseph. ðis buteler Ioſeph ſone for-gat. 2092 After two years, Two ger ſiðen was Ioſeph ſperd ðor in p_ri_ſun wið-uten erd; Pharaoh dreamt a dream. Ðo drempte pharaon king a drem, He stood by the river, and there came seven "neat" fat and great, and seven lean after, ðat he ſtod bi ðe flodes ſtrem, 2096 And ðeden[212] ut-comen .vii. neet, Eu_er_ilc wel ſwiðe fet and gret, And .vii. lene after ðo, ðe deden ðe .vii. fette wo, 2100 which ate up the fat ones. ðe lene hauen ðe fette freten; ðiſ drem ne mai ðe king for-geten. An oðer drem cam hi_m_ bi-foren, Seven full ears of corn sprang up "on a rank bush," and then came seven withered ears, .vii. eares wexen fette of coren, 2104 On an busk ranc and wel tidi, And .vii. lene rigt ðor-bi, welkede, and ſmale, and drugte numen, ðe ranc he hauen ðo ou_er_-cumen, 2108 [Fol. 41b.] which smote the others to the ground. To-ſamen it ſmiten and, on a ſtund, ðe fette ðriſt hem to ðo grund. ðe king abraid and woc in ðhogt, ðeſ dremes ſwep ne wot he nogt, 2112 [212] ðeðen? WHICH IS INTERPRETED BY JOSEPH. None were found able to interpret the dreams. Ne was non ſo wis man i_n_ al hiſ lond, ðe kude vn-don ðis dremes bond; The butler bethought him of Joseph. ðo him bi-ðhogte ðat buteler Of ðat him drempte in p_ri_ſun ðer, 2116 And of ioſeph in ðe priſun, And he it tolde ðe king pharaun. Joseph is taken from prison, Ioſeph waſ ſone i_n_ priſun ðo hogt, And ſhauen, & clad, & to hi_m_ brogt; 2120 and brought before Pharaoh, ðe king hi_m_ bad ben hardi & bold, If he can rechen ðis dremeſ wold; who related to him his dreams. He told him q_u_at him drempte o nigt, And ioſep rechede his drem wel rigt. 2124 "The two dreams," answered Joseph, "are one." "ðis two dremes boðen ben on, God wile ðe tawnen, king pharaon; ðo .vij. ger ben get to cumen, "Seven years of plenty In al fulſum-hed ſulen it ben numen, 2128 And .vij. oðere ſulen after ben, shall be followed by seven years of famine. Sori and nedful men ſulen iſ ſen; Al ðat ðiſe firſt .vii. maken, Sulen ðiſ oðere .vii. roſpen & raken; 2132 I advise thee to make barns and store up corn, that thy folk perish not." Ic rede ðe king, nu her bi-foren, To maken laðes and gadere_n_ coren, [Fol. 42.] ðat ðin folc ne wurð vnder-numen, Q_u_an ðo hungri gere ben forð-cumen." 2136 King pharaon liſtnede hiſe red, ðat wurð him ſiðen ſeli ſped. Pharaoh gave Joseph his ring, He bi-tagte ioſep hiſ ring, And his bege of gold for wurðing, 2140 and bad him rule the whole land. And bad him al hiſ lond bi-ſen, And under him hegeſt for to ben, And bad him welden in hiſ hond His folc, and agte, & al his lond; 2144 Then were Potiphar and his wife under him. ðo waſ vnder him ðanne putifar, And hiſ wif ðat hem ſo to-bar. Ioſep to wiue his dowter nam, Oðer is nu q_u_an ear bi-cam; 2148 THE FAMINE IN EGYPT AND CANAAN. Before the famine came two sons were born to Joseph. And ghe ðer him two childer bar, Or men wurð of ðat hunger war, first manaſſen and effraym; He luueden god, he geld it hem. 2152 The years of plenty pass away. ðe .vii. fulſu_m_ geres faren, Ioſep cuðe him bi-foren waren; ðan coren wantede in oðer lond, ðo ynug [was] vnder his hond. 2156 The famine was felt in Canaan. Hvnger wex in lond chanaan, And his .x. ſunes iacob for-ðan Jacob sent his ten sons to Egypt to buy corn. Sente in-to egipt to bringen coren; He bilef at hom ðe was gungeſt boren. 2160 [Fol. 42b.] ðe .x. comen, for nede ſogt, To Ioſep, and he ne knewen hi_m_ nogt, Though they honoured Joseph, And ðog he lutten him frigtilike, Anð ſeiden to him mildelike, 2164 "We ben ſondes for nede driuen To bigen coren ðor-bi to liuen." yet he pretended not to know them. (Ioſep hem knew al in his ðhogt, Alſ he let he knew hem nogt.) 2168 "It ſemet wel ðat ge ſpies ben, He accused them of being spies. And in-to ðiſ lond cumen to ſen, And cume ge for non oðer ðing, but for to ſpien ur lord ðe king." 2172 "Nai," he ſeiden eu_er_ilc on, They declared that they were true men, the sons of one father. "Spies were we neu_er_ non, Oc alle we ben on faderes ſunen, For hunger doð es[213] hider cumen." 2176 "Oc nu ic wot ge ſpieſ ben, for bi gure bering men mai it ſen; "Only kings," said Joseph, "had so many sons." Hu ſulde oni man[214] poure for-geten, ſwilke and ſo manige ſunes bigeten? 2180 for ſeldu_m_ bi-tid ſelf ani king ſwilc men to ſen of hiſe ofſpring." [213] doðes MS. [214] MS. Hu suld sulde oninan. JOSEPH'S HARSHNESS TO HIS BRETHREN. "One," the brethren said, "is at home with his father." "A lou_er_d, merci! get iſ ðor on migt he nogt fro his fader gon; 2184 He iſ gungeſt, hoten beniamin, for we ben alle of ebriſſe kin." [Fol. 43.] Quoth Joseph, "Ye shall not all go hence, until ye bring me Benjamin." "Nu, bi ðe feið ic og to king pharaon, ſule ge nogt alle eðen gon, 2188 Til ge me bringen beniamin, ða gungeſte broðer of pore[215] kin." For ðo waſ Ioſep ſore for-dred ðat he wore oc ðhurg hem for-red; 2192 He dede hem binden, and leden dun, He kept them in prison, and on the third day let them all go except Simeon. And ſperen faſte in his priſun; ðe ðridde dai he let hem gon, Al but ðe ton broðer ſymeon; 2196 ðiſ ſymeon bi-lef ðor in bond, To wedde under Ioſepes hond. ðes oðere breðere, ſone on-on, Token leue and wenten hom; 2200 The others bemoaned their ill-luck. And ſone he weren ðeden[216] went, Wel ſore he hauen hem bi-ment, And ſeiden hem ðan ðor bi-twen, They thought of their sin towards Joseph. "Wrigtful we in ſorwe ben, 2204 for we ſinigeden q_u_ilu_m_ or On hure broðer michil mor, for we werneden him merci, Nu drege we ſorge al for-ði." 2208 Wende here non it on hiſ mod, Oc Ioſep al it under-ſtod. Joseph's men did, meanwhile, as they were commanded, Ioſepes men ðor q_u_iles deden Al-ſo Ioſep hem adde beden; 2212 [Fol. 43b.] and filled the brothers' sacks, and placed in them the money paid for the corn. ðo breðere ſeckes hauen he filt, And in eu_er_ilc ðe ſilu_er_ pilt ðat ðor was paid for ðe coren, And bunden ðe muðes ðor bi-foren; 2216 Oc ðe breðere ne wiſte_n_ it nogt Hu ðis dede wurðe wrogt; [215] gure? [216] ðeðen? BENJAMIN IS TAKEN TO EGYPT. Unopened they brought them to Jacob and told him how they had sped. Oc alle he weren ou_er_-ðogt, And hauen it ſo to iacob brogt, 2220 And tolden him ſo of here ſped, And al he it liſtnede i_n_ frigtihed; Great was their fear when they saw the money in the sack's mouth. And q_u_an men ðo ſeckes ðor un-bond, And in ðe coren ðo agtes fond, 2224 Alle he woren ðanne[217] ſori ofrigt. Iacob ðus him bi-meneð o-rigt, "Much sorrow," says Jacob, "is come upon me, "Wel michel ſorge is me bi-cumen, ðat min two childre aren me for-nume_n_; 2228 since my two children are taken from me. Of Ioſep wot ic ending non, And bondes ben leid on ſymeon; If ge beniamin fro me don, Dead and ſorge me ſegeð on; 2232 Benjamin shall remain with me." Ai ſal beniamin wið me bi-lewen ðor q_u_iles ic ſal on werlde liuen." ðo q_u_að iudas, "us ſal ben hard, If we no[218] holden him non forward." 2236 The corn is soon consumed, and Jacob bids them go to Egypt for more. Wex derke,[219] ðis coren iſ gon, Iacob eſt[220] bit hem faren agon, [Fol. 44.] Oc he ne duren ðe weie cumen in, "but ge wið uſ ſenden beniamin;" 2240 Jacob is persuaded to send Benjamin. ðo q_u_að he, "q_u_an it iſ ned, And ne can no bettre red, He sends back the silver, Bereð dat[221] ſilu_er_ hol agon, ðat hem ðor-of ne wante non, 2244 and other corn-money, And oðer ſiluer ðor bi-foren, for to bigen wið oðer coren; together with a present of fruit and spices for Joseph. fruit and ſpices of dere priſ, Bereð ðat man ðat iſ ſo wiſ; 2248 God hunne him eði-modes ben, And ſende me min childre agen." The brethren come again to Egypt. ðo nomen he forð weie rigt, Til he ben cumen i_n_-to egypte ligt; 2252 Joseph treats them kindly, And q_u_anne Ioſep hem alle ſag, Kinde ðogt i_n_ his herte was [ðag]. [217] MS. ðanno [218] ne? [219] derðe? [220] eft? [221] ðat? JOSEPH'S INTERVIEW WITH HIS BRETHREN. and bids his steward prepare a feast for them. He bad hiſ ſtiward gerken iſ meten, He ſeide he ſulden wið him alle eten; 2256 He ledde hem alle to Ioſepes biri, Her non hadden ðo loten miri. "Lou_er_d," he ſeiden ðo eu_er_ilc on, They tell Joseph that they have brought back the silver which they found in their sacks. "Gur ſilu_er_ iſ gu brogt a-gon, 2260 It was in ure ſeckes don, Ne wiſte ur non gilt ðor-on." "Beð nu ſtille," q_u_ad ſtiward, "for ic nu haue min forward." 2264 [Fol. 44b.] Simeon was brought out unto them. ðor cam ðat broðer ſymeon And kiſte iſ breðere on and on; Wel fagen he was of here come, for he was numen ðor to nome. 2268 Joseph came home about noon, It was vndren time or more, Om cam ðat riche lou_er_d ðore; And al ðo briðere, of frigti mod, and the brethren offered him their present. fellen bi-forn ðat lou_er_d-iſ fot, 2272 And bedden him riche p_re_ſent ðat here fader hi[m] adde ſent; And he leuelike it under-ſtod, for alle he weren of kinde blod. 2276 He inquires after his father. "LIueð," q_u_ad he, "ðat fader get, ðat ðus manige ſunes bi-gat?" They answer that Jacob is well, "lou_er_d," he ſeiden, "get he liueð, Wot ic ðor non ðat he ne biueð; 2280 and that Benjamin stands before him. And ðiſ iſ gunge beniamin, Hider brogt after bode-word ðin." ðo Iosep ſag him ðor bi-foren, Bi fader & moder broðer boren, 2284 Joseph was overcome. Him ou_er_-wente his herte on-on, Kinde luue gan hi_m_ ou_er_-gon; He went out and wept secretly. Sone he gede ut and ſtille he gret, ðat al his wlite wurð teres wet. 2288 After a while he returned to them and bade them eat. After ðat grot, he weiſ iſ wliten, And cam ðan in and bad he_m_ eten THE BRETHREN ARE ACCUSED OF THEFT. [Fol. 45.] He made his brethren sit before him according to their age. He dede hem waſſen and him bi-foren, And ſette hem aſ he weren boren; 2292 Get he ðhogte of hiſ faderes wunes Hu he ſette at ðe mete hiſe ſunes; Of meat and wine, the best he gave to Benjamin. Of eu_er_ilc ſonde, of eu_er_ilc win, moſt and beſt he gaf beniamin. 2296 In fulſu_m_-hed he wurðen glaðe,[222] Ioſep ne ðoht ðor-of no ſcaðe, Oc it him likede ſwiðe wel, Joseph gave them good counsel, And hem lerede and tagte wel, 2300 And hu he ſulden hem beſt leden, Q_u_ene he comen in vnkinde ðeden; and advised them to act truthfully. "And al ðe bettre ſule ge ſpeden, If ge wilen gu wið treweiðe leden." 2304 On the morrow they depart. Eft on morwen q_u_an it waſ dai, Or or ðe breðere ferden a-wei, Here ſeckes woren alle filt wið coren, And ðe ſilu_er_ ðor-in bi-foren; 2308 Joseph's cup is hid in Benjamin's sack. And ðe ſeck ðat agte beniamin Ioſepes cuppe hid was ðor-in; And q_u_uan he weren ut tune went, Ioſep haueð hem after ſent. 2312 Joseph's messenger overtakes them, ðis ſonde hem ou_er_takeð raðe, And bi-calleð of harme and ſcaðe; and accuses them of theft. "Vn-ſeli men, q_u_at haue ge don? Gret vn-ſelðehe iſ gu cumen on, 2316 [Fol. 45b.] for iſ it nogt min lord for-holen, ða[t] gure on haueð iſ cuppe ſtolen." ð[o] ſeiden ðe breðere ſikerlike, The brethren assert their innocence. "Vp q_u_am ðu it findes witterlike, 2320 He ſlagen and we agen driuen In-to ðraldom, eu_er_mor to liuen." They are ransacked one by one, He gan hem ranſaken on and on, And fond it ðor ſone a-non, 2324 And nam ðo breðere eu_er_ilk on, And ledde hem ſorful a-gon, [222] = glade. JOSEPH MAKES HIMSELF KNOWN TO HIS BRETHREN. and brought before Joseph, And brogte hem bi-for ioſep Wid reweli lote, and ſorwe, and wep. 2328 ðo q_u_at ioſep, "ne wiſte ge nogt who reproaches them for their crime. ðat ic am o wol witter ðogt? Mai nogt longe me ben for-holen Q_u_at-ſo-eu_er_e on londe wurð ſtolen." 2332 Judah tells Joseph of his promise to his father. "Lou_er_d!" q_u_ad Iudas, "do wið me Q_u_at-ſo ði wille on werlde be, Wið-ðan-ðat ðu friðe beniamin; ic ledde [him] ut on trewthe min, 2336 ðat he ſulde ef[223] cumen a-gen to hiſe fader, and wið him ben." Joseph commands all, except his brethren, to leave him, and makes himself known to them. ðo cam ioſep ſwilc rewðe up-on, he dede halle ut ðe toðere gon, 2340 And ſpac un-eðes, ſo e gret, ðat alle hiſe wlite wurð tereſ wet. [Fol. 46.] "Ic am ioſep, dredeð gu nogt, for gure helðe or hider brogt; 2344 Two ger ben nu ðat derke[224] iſ cumen, Get ſulen .v. fulle ben numen, ðat men ne ſulen ſowen ne ſheren, So ſal drugte ðe feldes deren. 2348 Tells them to hasten to his father, Rapeð gu to min fader a-gen, And ſeið him q_u_ilke min bliſſes ben, And doð him to me cumen hider, and return with their cattle to Egypt. And ge and gure orf al to-gider; 2352 Of lewſe god in lond gerſen ſulen ge ſundri riche ben." Eu_er_ilc he kiſte, on ilc he gret, Ilc here was of iſ teres wet. 2356 Soon did Pharaoh learn the new tidings. Sone it was king pharaon kid Hu ðis newe tiding wurð bi-tid; And he was bliðe, in herte fagen, ðat Ioſep wulde him ðider dragen, 2360 for luue of Ioſep migte he timen. He bad them take carts and He bad cartes and waines nimen, [223] eft? [224] derðe? JACOB AND HIS FAMILY GO INTO EGYPT. wains and fetch their wives and children. And fechen wiues, and childre, and men, And gaf hem ðor al lond gerſen, 2364 And het hem ðat he ſulden hauen More and bet ðan he kude crauen. Joseph gave them changes of raiment. Ioſep gaf ilc here twinne ſrud, Beniamin moſt he[225] made prud; 2368 [Fol. 46b.] fif weden beſt bar beniamin, ðre hundred plates of ſilu_er_ fin, Al-ſo fele oðre ðor-til, He bad them take presents for Jacob, He bad ben in is faderes wil, 2372 And .x. aſſes wið ſemes feſt; Of alle egiptes welðhe beſt Gaf he iſ breðere, wið herte bliðe, and hasten homeward. And bad hem rapen hem homward ſwiðe; 2376 And he ſo deden wið herte fagen. Toward here fader he gunen dragen, When they came home, Jacob scarcely recognized them. And q_u_ane he comen him bi-foren, Ne wiſte he nogt q_u_at he woren. 2380 "Lord Israel," they said, "Joseph liveth and greeteth thee well." "Lou_er_d," he ſeiden, "iſrael, Ioſep ðin ſune greteð ðe wel, And ſendeð ðe bode ðat he liueð, Al egipte in hiſ wil cliueð." 2384 Jacob believed not till he saw the presents. Iacob a-braid, and trewed it nogt, Til he ſag al ðat welðe brogt. "Wel me," quað he, "wel iſ me wel, ðat ic aue abiden ðuſ ſwil[c] ſel! 2388 Then he said, "I shall go to my son ere I turn from the world." And ic ſal to min ſune fare And ſen, or ic of werlde chare." Jacob and his family left Canaan. [I]Acob wente ut of lond chanaan, And of iſ kinde wel manie a man; 2392 Ioſep wel faire him vnder-ſtod, And pharaon ðogte it ful good; [Fol. 47.] for ðat he weren hirde-men, Pharaoh gives them the land of Goshen to live in. Jacob is brought before Pharaoh, He bad hem ben in lond gerſen. 2396 Iacob waſ brogt bi-foren ðe king for to geuen him hiſ bliſcing. [225] MS. be. THEY DWELL IN THE LAND OF GOSHEN. "fader derer," q_u_að pharaon, "hu fele ger be ðe on?" 2400 and tells him of his age, "An hundred ger and .xxx. mo Haue ic her drogen i_n_ werlde wo, ðog ðinkeð me ðor-offen fo, of his many sorrows, ðog ic iſ haue drogen i_n_ wo, 2404 ſiðen ic gan on werlde ben, Her vten erd, man-kin bi-twen; So ðinked[226] eu_er_ilc wiſ man, and how all suffer for the sin of Adam. ðe wot q_u_or-of man-kin bi-gan, 2408 And ðe of adames gilte muneð, ðat he her uten herdes wuneð." Pharaoh bad him rest in peace. Pharaon bad him wurðen wel in ſofte reſte and ſeli mel; 2412 He and hiſe ſunes in reſte dede In lond gerſen, on ſundri ſtede; Siðen ðor waſ mad on ſcité, ðe waſ y-oten Rameſé. 2416 Jacob lived one hundred and forty-four years. Iacob on liue wunede ðor In reſte fulle .xiiij. ger; God showed him the time of his death. And god him let bi-foren ſen Q_u_ilc time hiſe ending ſulde ben; 2420 [Fol. 47b.] Jacob bad Joseph promise He bad ioſep hiſe leue ſune, On ðhing ðat[227] offe wel mune, ðat q_u_an it wurð mid him don, to bury him in Hebron, He ſulde him birien in ebron; 2424 And witterlike he it aueð hi_m_ ſeid, where Abraham was laid, ðe ſtede ðor abraham was leid; So was him lif[228] to wurðen leid, Q_u_uor ali gast ſtille hadde ſeid 2428 and his elders before him. Him and hiſe eldere(.) fer ear bi-foren, Q_u_uor ieſu criſt wulde ben boren, And q_u_uor ben dead, and q_u_uor ben grauen; He ðogt wið hem reſte to hauen. 2432 Joseph swore to do as his father wished. Ioſep ſwor him al-ſo he bad, And he ðor-of wurð bliðe & glad. [226] ðinkeð? [227] ðar? [228] lef? THE DEATH OF JACOB. Before he died Jacob called his sons before him, and "said what of them should be." Or ðan he wiſte off werlde faren, He bade hiſe kinde to him charen, 2436 And ſeide q_u_at of hem ſulde ben, Hali gaſt dede it him ſeen; In clene ending and ali lif, So he for-let ðis werldes ſtrif. 2440 Joseph caused his father's body to be embalmed. [I]Oſep dede hiſe lich faire geren, Waſſen, and riche-like ſmeren, And ſpice-like ſwete ſmaken; Egypt's folk "bewaked" Jacob for forty nights and forty days. And egipte folc him bi-waken 2444 xl. nigtes and .xl. daiges, ſwilc woren egipte lages. [Fol. 48.] The first nine nights they bathe, anoint, etc., the body. first .ix. nigt ðe liches beðen, And ſmeren, and winden, and bi-q_ue_ðen, 2448 And waken iſ ſiðen .xl. nigt; ðo men ſo deden ðe adden migt. The Hebrews had a different custom; And ebriſſe folc adden an kire, Nogt ſone deluen it wið yre, 2452 they wash the body, Oc waſſen it and kepen it rigt, and keep it unanointed for seven nights. Wið-vten ſmerles, ſeuene nigt, And ſiden[229] ſmered .xxx. daiges. Criſtene folc haueð oðer laiges, 2456 He ben ſmered ðor q_u_iles he liuen, Christian folks are anointed with chrism and oil in their life-time. Wið criſme and olie, in trewðe geuen; for trewðe and gode dedes mide, ðon[230] ben ðan al ðat wech-dede; 2460 Su_m_ .on. ſum .ðre. su_m_ .vii. nigt, Su_m_ .xxx., ſum .xii. moneð rigt; And ſum eu_er_ilc wurðen ger, ðor q_u_iles ðat he wunen her, 2464 For the dead they perform alms-gift and mass-song. don for ðe dede chirche-gong, elmeſſe-gifte, and meſſe-ſong, And ðat iſ on ðe weches ſtede; Wel him mai ben dat[231] wel it dede! 2468 Jacob's sons kept a "wake" of thirty days. Egipte folc aueð him waked xl. nigt, and feſte maked, [229] ſiðen? [230] don? [231] ðat? HE IS BURIED IN HEBRON. And hiſe ſunes .xxx. daiges, In clene lif and ali daiges;[232] 2472 [Fol. 48b.] So ten weeks passed away and Jacob had no burial. So woren forð .x. wukes gon, get adde Iacob birigeles non. And pharaon king cam bode bi-foren, Pharaoh heard of Joseph's oath to his father, ðat Ioſep haueð his fader ſworen; 2476 And he it hi_m_ gatte ðor he wel dede, and gave him leave to bury his father, and to take with him "weaponed" men. And bad hi_m_ nimen hi_m_ feres mide, Wel wopnede men and wiſ of here[n], dat[233] noman hem bi weie deren; 2480 ðat bere iſ led, ðiſ folc iſ rad, he foren a-buten bi adad; ful ſeuene nigt he ðer abiden, And bi-meni_n_g for iacob deden; 2484 So longe he hauen ðeðen numen, They crossed the Jordan, and laid the body in a tomb, and Joseph returned to Egypt. To flu_m_ iurdon ðat he ben cumen, And ou_er_ pharan til ebron; ðor iſ ðat liche in biriele don, 2488 And Ioſep in-to egipte went, Wid[234] al iſ folc ut wið him ſent. His brethren came to him to seek forgiveness, Hiſe breðere comen hi_m_ ðanne to, And gunnen him bi-ſeken alle ſo; 2492 "Vre fader," he ſeiden, "or he was dead, Vs he ðiſ bodewurd ſeigen bead, Hure ſinne ðu hi_m_ for-giue, Wið-ðanne-ðat we vnder ðe liuen." 2496 and fell down there before his feet, and he forgave and loved them kindly. Alle he fellen him ðor to fot, To beðen meðe and bedden oc; [Fol. 49.] And he it for-gaf[235] hem mildelike, And luuede hem alle kinde-like. 2500 Joseph waxed old; [I]Oſep an hundred ger waſ hold, And hiſ kin wexen manige-fold; he bad his relations come before him ere he died, He bad ſibbe cumen him bi-foren, Or he waſ ut of werlde boren; 2504 [232] laiges? [233] ðat? [234] wið? [235] At the bottom of fol. 48b is the catchword—"And he it for-gaff." THE DEATH OF JOSEPH. "It ſal," q_u_að he, "ben ſoð, bi-foren and told them of God's promise to their elders. ðat god hað ure eldere ſworen; He ſal gu leden i_n_ hiſ hond Heðen to ðat hotene lond; 2508 for godeſ luue get bid ic gu, Leſted it ðanne, hoteð it nu, He asks them to bear his bones with them, when they leave Egypt. ðat mine bene ne be for-loren, wið gu ben mine bones boren." 2512 He it him gatten and wurð he dead, God do ðe ſoule ſeli red! The death of Joseph. Hiſe liche waſ ſpice-like maked, And longe egipte-like waked, 2516 And ðo biried hem bi-foren, And ſiðen late of londe boren. Hiſe oðre breðere, on and on, Woren ybiried at ebron. 2520 Here endeth the book called Genesis, written by Moses, through God's counsel. An her endede to ful, in wiſ, ðe boc ðe iſ hoten geneſis, ðe moyſes, ðurg godes red, Wrot for lefful ſoules ned. 2524 [Fol. 49b.] God shield his soul from hell-bale, who translated it into English! God ſchilde hiſe ſowle fro helle bale, ðe made it ðus on engel tale! And he ðat ðiſe lettres wrot, May God help and protect him from hell-pain, cold and hot! God him helpe weli mot, 2528 And berge iſ ſowle fro ſorge & grot Of helle pine, cold & hot! And alle men, ðe it heren wilen,[236] And all men who will hear it, God grant that they may dwell in bliss among angels for ever! God leue hem i_n_ hiſ bliſſe ſpilen 2532 Among engeles & ſeli men, Wiðuten ende in reſte ben, And luue & pais uſ bi-twen, And god ſo graunte, amen, ameN! 2536 [236] MS. welin. THE OPPRESSION OF THE ISRAELITES. GOdes bliſcing be wið vs, Here beginneth Exodus. Her nu bi-ginned[237] exodus. Under Pharaoh, and the seven kings who succeeded him, Pharao kinges rigte name Vephres, be dede ðe ebriſ frame; 2540 And bi oðere ſeuene kinges ſel, the Israelites increased and prospered. Wexen he ðore & ðogen wel. The eighth king treated them harshly, ðe egtenede king amonaphis, Agenes ðis folc hatel is; 2544 and the Egyptians became jealous of them. And egipte folc adden nið, for ebriſ adden ſeli ſið. Q_u_uað ðis ging[238] wið hem ſtille i_n_ red, "ðis ebris waxen michil ſped, 2548 [Fol. 50.] Bute if we eraflike[239] hem for-don, Ne ſulen he non eige ſen uſ on." They made slaves of them, and set them to build walls. Ðo ſette ſundri hem to waken His tigel and lim, and walles maken, 2552 burges feten; a_n_d rameſen ðurge here ſwinc it walled ben; Some they made to do foul work, Su_m_me he deden in vn-ðewed ſwinc, for it was fugel and ful o ſtinc, 2556 to carry "muck and fen out of the city," Muc and fen ut of burgeſ beren, ðuſ bitterlike he gun he_m_ deren; ðe ðridde ſwinc was eui and ſtron[g], and to creep along dikes. He deden hem crepen dikes long, 2560 And wide a-buten burges gon, The comb of the dike serves them as protection against their enemies. And cumen ðer ear waſ non; And if ðat folc hem wulde deren, ðe dikeſ comb he_m_ ſulde weren. 2564 for al ðat ſwinc heui & ſor, For all that labour, the folk increased and spread. Ay wex ðat kinde, mor & mor, And ðhogen, & ſpredden i_n_ londe ðor, ðat made ðe kinges herte ful ſor. 2568 Then bad Pharaoh, Ðo bad monophis pharaun wimmen ben ſet i_n_ eu_er_ilc tun, that every Hebrew male child should be put to death as soon as it was born. And ðat he weren redi bi-foren, Q_u_an ebru child ſuld be boren, 2572 [237] bi-ginneð? [238] king? [239] craftlike? THE BIRTH AND PRESERVATION OF MOSES. And ðe knapes to deade giuen, And leten ðe mayden childre liuen. [Fol. 50b.] The midwives saved the children's lives, Oc he it leten fro godeſ dred; Get ðo childre wexen in ſped, 2576 And q_u_ane he komen to ðe king, and lied to the king, saying, He wereden hem wið leſing; He ſeiden ðe childre weren boren that the children were born ere they arrived. Or he migten ben hem bi-foren. 2580 God it geald ðeſe wifes wel, On hom, on hagte, eddi ſel! Pharaoh then bad that every "knave child" should be drowned. Ðo bad ðis king al opelike, In alle burges modilike, 2584 Eu_er_ilc knape child of ðat kin ben a-non don ðe flod wið-in. By that time was Moses born. BI ðat time waſ moyſes boren, So het abrah_a_m dor[240] bi-foren; 2588 And his moder het Iacabeð, Ghe was for him dreful and bleð, His mother hid him for three months. wel is hire of bird[241] bi-tid. ðre moneð haueð ghe him hid, 2592 durſte ghe non lengere him for-helen, Ne ghe ne cuðe ðe wateres ſtelen; Then she made an ark, In an fetles, of rigeſſes wrogt, Terred, ðat water dered it nogt, 2596 placed the child in it, ðiſ child wunden ghe wulde don, and set it on the water. And ſetten it ſo ðe water on; Miriam was sent to watch what became of it. Ghe adde or hire dowter ſent, [Fol. 51.] To loken q_u_ider it ſulde ben went; 2600 Maria dowter ful feren ſtod, And ghe nam kep to-ward ðiſ flod. The king's daughter came and saw the child on the water. Teremuth kinkes[242] dowter ðor cam, ðor ðis child on ðe water nam; 2604 Ghe bad it ben to hire brogt, And ſag ðis child wol fair[e] wrogt, She wist it was of Hebrew kin, Ghe wiſte it was of ebrius kin, And ðog cam hire rewde[243] wið-in; 2608 [240] ðor? [241] birð? [242] kinges? [243] rewðe? TEREMUTH ADOPTS HIM AS HER SON. God haued[244] ſwilc fair-hed hi_m_ geuen, but let it live for its beauty. ðat ſelf ðe fon it leten liuen. Egyptians wanted her to destroy the child. Egipte wimmen comen ner, And boden ðe childe letten ðer, 2612 Oc he wente it awei wið rem, Of here bode nam he no gem. Miriam, at Teremuth's bidding, ÐO q_u_ad maria to teremuth, "wilt ðu, leuedi, ic go fear out, 2616 And take ſu_m_ wimman of ðat kin ðor he waſ bi-gote & foſtred in?" fetches a "foster woman" for the child. Teremuth ſo bad, & ſche forð-ran, And brogt hire a foſtre wimman, 2620 On waſ tette he ſone aueð lagt, Teremuth consigned Moses to Jochabed, who returned home blithely. And teremuth haueð hire hi_m_ bi-tagt. Iakabeð wente bliðe agen, ðat ghe ðe gildesſ[245] foſtre muſte ben; 2624 Ghe kepte it wel i_n_ foſtre wune, Ghe knew it for hire owen ſune; [Fol. 51b.] When old enough, the child was adopted by Teremuth, who called it Moses. And q_u_ane it ſulde ſundred ben, Ghe bar it teremuth for to ſen; 2628 Teremuth toc it on ſunes ſtede, And fedde it wel and cloðen dede; And ghe it clepit moyſen, Ghe wiſte of water it boren ben. 2632 She brought him before Pharaoh, who placed the royal crown on his head. An time after ðat ðiſ was don, Ghe brogte him bi-foren pharaon, And ðiſ king wurð hi_m_ in herte mild, So ſwide[246] faiger was ðiſ child; 2636 And he toc him on ſunes ſtede, And hiſ corune on his heued he dede, And let it ſtonden ayne ſtund; The child soon threw it to the ground. ðe child it warp dun to de grund. 2640 Hamon's likeness was thereon. Hamonel[247] likeneſ was ðor-on; ðis crune is broken, ðiſ iſ miſdon. The Bishop of Heliopolis saw this, and said, Biſſop Eliopoleos ſag ðiſ timing, & up he roſ; 2644 [244] haueð? [245] cildeſ? [246] ſwiðe? [247] Hamoneſ? THE ETHIOPIANS INVADE EGYPT, "If this child be allowed to thrive, he shall become Egypt's bale." "If ðiſ child," q_u_ad he, "mote ðen, He ſal egyptes bale ben." If ðor ne wore helpe twen lopen, ðiſ child adde ðan ſone be dropen; 2648 ðe king wið-ſtod & an wiſ man, He ſeide, "ðe child doð alſ he can; We ſulen nu witen for it dede ðiſ witterlike, or in child-hede;" 2652 [Fol. 52.] The king offered the child two burning coals (to eat), and he put them in his mouth, and burnt the end of his tongue therewith, and spake indistinctly. He bad ðis child brennen to colen And he toc is hu migt he it ðolen, And in hiſe muth ſo depe he iſ dede Hiſe tunges ende iſ brent ðor-mide; 2656 ðor-fore ſeide de[248] ebru witt_er_like, ðat he ſpac ſiðen miſerlike; So fair was he to look upon, that none might be angry with him. Oc ſo faiger he waſ on to ſen, ðat migte no_n_ man modi ben. 2660 ðor q_u_iles he ſeweden him up-on, Mani dede b[i]leph un-don In ðat burg folc bi-twen, So waſ hem lef on hi_m_ to ſen. 2664 By the time that he became renowned for beauty and strength, the Ethiopians invaded Egypt, and burnt and slew as far as the Red Sea. Bi dat[249] time ðat he was guð, Wið faigered and ſtrengthe kuð, folc ethiopienes on egipte cam, And brende, & ſlug, & wreche nam, 2668 Al to memphin dat[250] riche cite, And a-non to ðe reade ſe; The Egyptians ask counsel of their gods, who tell them that a Hebrew shall deliver them. ðo was egipte folc in dred, And aſkeden here godes red; 2672 And hem ſeiden wið anſweren, ðat on ebru cude he_m_ wel weren; Teremuth un-eðes migte timen Moses is permitted by Teremuth ðat moyſes ſal wið hire forð-nimen, 2676 Or haue he hire pligt & ſworen, ðat him ſal feið wurðful ben boren. [Fol. 52b.] Moyſes was lou_er_ed of ðat here, ðor he wurð ðane egyptes were; 2680 [248] ðe? [249] ðat? [250] ðat? AND ARE DEFEATED BY MOSES. to lead the Egyptians against their enemies. Bi a lond weige he wente rigt, And brogte vn-warnede on he_m_ figt; He hadden don egipte wrong, He smote and slew them. He bi-loc hem & ſmette a-mong, 2684 Many fled to Sheba. And ſlug ðor manige; oc ſu_m_me flen, Into ſaba to borgen ben. Moyſes bi-ſette al ðat burg, Oc it was riche & ſtrong ut-ðhurg; 2688 The king of Ethiopia's daughter, for love, Ethiopienes kinges dowt_er_ tarbis, Riche maiden of michel priſ, gave this rich city to Moses, Gaf ðiſ riche burg moyſi; Luue-bonde hire ghe it dede for-ði. 2692 ðor iſe fon he leide i_n_ bonde, who waxed mighty in the land. And he wurð al-migt-ful in ðat lond; He bi-lef ðor(.) tarbis him ſcroð, His sojourn there was distasteful to him, ðog was him ðat ſurgerun ful loð; 2696 Mai he no leue at hire taken but by craft he brought it to an end. but-if he it mai wið crafte maken: He waſ of an ſtrong migt wiſ, He carved upon two gems two likenesses; He carf i_n_ two gummes of priſ 2700 Two likeneſſes, ſo grauen & meten, the one caused remembrance, the other forgetfulness. ðiſ doð ðenken, & ðoð[251] forgeten; He feſt is i_n_ two ringes of gold, Moses gave her the one which caused her to forget her love, Gaf hire ðe ton, he was hire hold; 2704 [Fol. 53.] Ghe it bered[252] and ðiſ luue iſ for-geten, Moyſes ðus haued[253] him leue bi-geten; Sone it migte wið leue ben, and so he came again to Egypt. Into egypte e[254] wente a-gen. 2708 On a time he went to Goshen, and found a "moody steward" beating a Hebrew. AN time he for to lond gerſen, to ſpeken wið hiſe kinnes men; And ſone he cam in-to ðat lond, A modi ſtiward he ðor fond, 2712 Betende a man wid[255] hiſe wond; ðat ðhugte moyſes michel ſond, He seized the churl, slew him, and buried him in the sand. And hente ðe cherl wið hiſe wond, And he fel dun in dedes bond; 2716 [251] ðoðer? [252] bereð? [253] haueð? [254] MS. ewente. [255] wið? MOSES SLAYS AN EGYPTIAN, And moyſes drug him to ðe ſtrond, And ſtille[256] he dalf hi_m_ [in] ðe ſond; He thought that none had wist it. wende he ðat non egipcien ðat hadde it wiſt, ne ſulde a ſen; 2720 On the second day he saw two men chiding, and reproved them. Til after ðiſ on oðer day, He ſag chiden in ðe wey two egypcienis, modi & ſtrong, ðiſ on wulde don ðe toðer wrong; 2724 And moyſes nam ðer-of kep, And to hemward ſwide[257] he lep, And vndernam hi_m_ ðat it agte awold. The wrong-doer thus answered him, And he him anſwerede modi & bold; 2728 "Moses, who made thee master? "Meiſter(.) moyſes, q_u_o haueð ðe mad? ðu art of dede and o word to rad. [Fol. 53b.] We know well how yesterday one was slain and hid. we witen wel q_u_at iſ bi-tid, Q_u_uow giſter-dai waſ ſlagen and hid; 2732 ðe bode iſ cumen to pharaun,[258] Soon shall thy pride fall down." Get ſal ðin pride fallen dun." Then Moses fled Ðo bi-thowte him moyſes, And his weige ðeðen ches; 2736 ðurg ðe deſerd a-wei he nam, and came to Midian, And to burge madian he cam, And ſette hi[m] ðor vten ðe town, where dwelt Jethro, Bi a welle ðo ſprong ðor dun. 2740 Raguel Ietro ðat riche man, Was wuniende in madian, who had seven daughters. He hadde ſeuene dowtreſ bi-geten; ðor he comen water to feten, 2744 These maidens took care of cattle. And for to wattren here ſep; (Wimmen ðo nomen of here erf kep, Pride was not so great then as now. Pride ne cuðe bi ðat dai Nogt ſo michel ſo it nu mai). 2748 Hirdes wulden ðe maidenes deren, Moses helped the maidens to water the flocks. Oc moyſes ðor hem gan weren, And wattrede here erue eu_er_ilc on, And dede hem tidelike to tune gon; 2752 [256] MS. ſtalle, _corrected to_ ſtille. [257] ſwiðe? [258] MS. pharaum. AND FLEES INTO MIDIAN. And ben ſone hom numen; They told their father And b[i]foren here fader cumen, And gunen him ðore tellen, [Fol. 54.] how a young man at the well had protected them. Hu a gunge man, at te welle[n], 2756 ðewe and wurſipe hem dede; Jethro sent after him and kept him in his house, And ietro geld it him i_n_ eſtdede, Sente after him, freinede hiſ kin, Helde him wurðelike iſ huſ wið-in; 2760 Of ali kinde he wiſte him boren, And bad him ðor wunen him bi-foren, and gave him his daughter to wife, who bore him two sons. Gaf him iſ dowter ſephoram; To wife in lage he hire nam, 2764 And bi-gat two ſunes on hire ðer, firſt gerlon, ſiðen eliezer. Egipte king to late waſ dead, ðe ðe childre ſo drinkelen bead. 2768 On a time Moses went into the desert with his flocks, for rich men then kept such ware. And moyſes waſ numen an ſel In ðe deſerd depe ſumdel, for te loken hirdneſſe fare; Riche men ðo kepten ſwilc ware. 2772 By Mount Sinai he sees a wondrous sight, ðo ſag moyſes, at munt ſynay, An ſwiðe ferli ſigt ðor-bi, fier brennen on ðe grene leaf, a bush burning, and nevertheless green and whole. And ðog grene and hol bi-leaf; 2776 forð he nam to ſen witterlike, Hu ðat fier brende milde-like; Out of that bush God's voice was heard, clear and high, Vt of ðat buſk, ðe brende and ðheg, God ſente an ſteuene, brigt and heg; 2780 'Moses, Moses, take off thy shoes, for thou standest on holy ground. "Moyſes, moyſes, do of ðin ſon, ðu ſtondes ſeli ſtede up-on; [Fol. 54b.] I am the God of Jacob, Isaac, and Abraham. Hic am god ðe in min gemi_n_g nam Iacob, yſaac, and abraham; 2784 I have seen the affliction of my people, ic haue min folkes pine ſogen, ðat he nu longe hauen drogen; and have come down to deliver them, Nu am ic ligt to fren hem ðeðen, And milche and hunige lond he_m_ q_ue_ðen; 2788 GOD APPEARS TO MOSES AT SINAI. and to bring them into the land of seven kingdoms. An .vii. kinge-riches lond Ic ſal hem bringen al on hond. Come, thou shalt be my messenger, Cum, ðu ſalt ben min ſondere man, Ic ſal ðe techen wel to ðan; 2792 and bid Pharaoh release my people. ðu ſalt min folc bringen a-gen, And her ðu ſalt min migte ſen; And ðu ſalt ſeien to faraon, ðat he lete min folc ut-gon; 2796 If he refuse, I shall work great marvels, If he it werne and be ðor-gen, Ic ſal ðe techen hu it ſal ben; for ic ſal werken ferlike ſtrong, and cause my people to go out freely. And maken min folc frelike ut-gong; 2800 Ge ſulen cumen wið feteles & ſrud, As a sign, throw down thy wand." The wand then became an ugly snake. And reuen egipte ðat iſ nu prud. Werp nu to token dun ðat wond." And it warp vt of hiſe hond, 2804 And wurð ſone an uglike ſnake, And moyſes fleg for dredes ſake; God bade Moses take it by the tail, and anon it became a wand. God him bad, bi ðe tail he it nam, And it a-non a wond it bi-cam, 2808 [Fol. 55.] He put his hand into his bosom and it became leprous. And in hiſe boſum he dede his hond, Q_u_it and al unfer he it fond; He put it in again and it became whole and sound. And ſone he dede it eft agen, Al hol and fer he wiſte it ſen. 2812 "If they believe not these tokens, pour out the water of the flood on the earth, and it shall become blood." "If he for ðiſe tokenes two Ne liſteðe ne troweð to, Go, get ðe water of de[259] flod On ðe erðe, and it ſal wurðen blod." 2816 "Lord! I am not eloquent, and cannot speak well," said Moses. "Lou_er_d, ic am wanmol, vn-reken Of wurdes, and may ic Iuel ſpeken. Nu iſ forð gon ðe ðridde dai, Sende an oðer; bettre he mai." 2820 Quoth God, "Who made the dumb, the speaking, the blind, and the seeing?" "Q_u_o made do_m_me, and q_u_o ſpecande? Q_u_o made bisne, and q_u_o lockende? Q_u_o but ic, ðat haue al wrogt? Of me ſal fultu_m_ ben ðe brogt." 2824 [259] ðe? MOSES AND AARON ARE SENT TO EGYPT. "Lou_er_d, ſent him ðat iſ to cumen, Vgging and dred me haueð[260] numen." "Aaron, thy brother can speak well, thou shalt meet him, and make known to him my words." "Aaron ðin broðer can wel ſpeken, ðu ſalt him meten and vnſteken 2828 Him bodeword min, and ic ſal red Gunc boðen bringen read and ſped." Moses asks leave of Jethro to visit his brethren. Moyſes, frigti, ðo funden gan to ſpeken wið ietro ðat riche man, 2832 And aſkede him leue to faren and ſen, If hiſe breðere of liues ben; [Fol. 55b.] Moses delayed until God's message again came to him. ðog drechede he til god ef[t] bad, And brogte him bode ðe made him glad, 2836 ðat pharaun, ðe wulde him ſ[l]en, Waſ dead and hadde iſ werkes len. Then he departed with his wife and children. MOyſes and hiſe wif ſephoram, And hiſe childre wið him nam; 2840 And ðat on waſ vncircu_m_ciſ. One child was uncircumcised, and the angel in the way sought to slay him. He nam ſo forð, ſoð it is; An angel, wið an dragen ſwerd, In ðe weie made him offerd, 2844 for ðat he ledden feren ſwike, ðe ſulden him deren witt_er_like; Zipporah circumcised her son. Sephora toc ðiſ gunge knaue, And dede circu_m_ciſe haue, 2848 And gret, and wente frigti a-gen, Moses pursued his way alone. And let moyſes forð one ten. He bar hiſe gerde forð in iſ hond, And nam a weie[261] bi deſerd lond; 2852 At Mount Sinai he meets with Aaron. To mount ſynai forð he nam, Aaron hiſe broðer a-gen him cam; Eyðer [h]ere was of oðer fagen; Moyſes him haueð iſ herte[262] vt-dragen, 2856 They come into Egypt. And he ben in-to egypte numen, And a-mong folc ebriſſe ben cumen; Moyſes tolde hem ðat bliðe bode, The people believe them. And let hem ſen tockenes fro gode; 2860 [260] MS. haued. [261] MS. aweie. [262] MS. herðe. GREATER LABOURS ARE LAID UPON THE ISRAELITES. [Fol. 56.] He redden ſamen he ſulden gon wið[263] wiſe men to pharaon. Moses and Aaron come before Pharaoh, "God," he ſeiden, "of iſr_ae_l ðe bode ſente, and greteð wel, 2864 and deliver their message. ðat, bi ði leue, hiſe folc vt-fare, ðre daiges gon and ben ðor gare, In ðe deſerd an ſtede up-on, Hiſ leue ſacrifiſe to don." 2868 Q_u_ad pharaun, "knowe ic[264] hi_m_ nogt, Bi q_u_aſe read haue ge ðiſ ſowt?" Moses says that he is well known to the Egyptians, Seide moyſes, "ic am ſonder man, Egipte folc me knowen can, 2872 for ic am ðat ilc moyſes, having delivered them from the Ethiopians, ðe egypte folc of ſorge les, ðan ethiops woren her cumen; ic warc al ðat ðu was binumen, 2876 And ſwanc and michel ſorwe dreg, and that he brings God's message from Mount Sinai. Get iſt vnſene hu ic it bi-teg? Ic haue ben ſiðen at munt ſyna, Godes bode-wurd bringe ic ðor-fra." 2880 Pharaoh chides Moses, Qvað pharaun, "ðu art min ðral, ðat hidel-like min lond vt-ſtal; Sum ſwike-dom doð it nu ben, ðat ðu beſt cumen nu eft agen; 2884 and declares that the Israelites shall suffer still greater woe. ðiſ folc, ðat ðu wilt me leden fro, ſal ben luken i_n_ more wo." [Fol. 56b.] Ðe king it bad, and [it] wurð don; More labour is laid upon the Israelites. More ſwinc ðo was hem leid on. 2888 Hem-ſeluen he fetchden ðe chaf ðe men ðor hem to gode gaf, And ðog holden ðe tigeles tale, And elten and eilden,[265] grete & ſmale. 2892 Moses complains to God. Ðo fleg ðiſ folc wið moyſen, And [he] to god made hiſe bimen. "Lou_er_ed, q_u_i waſ ic hider ſent? ðin folc iſ more in ſorwe went." 2896 [263] MS. wid. [264] MS. ic hic. [265] ? eldren and children? MOSES AND AARON PERFORM MIRACLES BEFORE PHARAOH. God renews his promise by his name Adonai, God q_u_að, "ic ſal hem leſen fro, And here fon weren wið wo; Abraham, yſac, and hiſe ſunen Woren to min ðhun_er_g wunen, 2900 ðog ne tagte ic hem nogt for-ði Min mig[t]ful name adonay; which was unknown to Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob. Min milche witt_er_ name eley He knewen wel, and ely; 2904 ðat ic ðe haue hoten wel, Ic it ſal leſten eu_er_ilc del." Moses told the Hebrews these tidings, and yet were they in great anguish. Moyſes told hem ðiſ tidding; ðog woren he get in ſtrong murni[n]g. 2908 Siðen ſpac god to moyſen, and tagte him hu it ſulde ben. Moses was now fourscore years old. fowre ſcore ger he waſ hold, And aaron ðre more told,[266] 2912 [Fol. 57.] Q_u_anne he ðat[267] bodewurd ſpoken, And deden ðe firme token. Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh. AAron ðor warp vt of hiſ hond Moyſeses migtful wond, 2916 And it wurð bi-foren pharaon It became an ugly snake. An Iglic ſnake ſone on-on; ðe king ſente after wiches kire, The sorcerers, by the devil's help, did the like. Wapmen ðe weren in ſowles lire, 2920 ðe ferden al bi fendes red, fendeſ hem gouen ſinful ſped; And worpen he ðor wondes dun, Each of their rods became a dragon. fro euerilc ðor crep a dragun; 2924 Oc moyſes wirm hem alle ſmot, Moses's serpent bit off their heads. And here aldre heuedes he of bot; ðog deden wicheſ ðo men to ſen On oðere wiſe or ſoðe ben; 2928 for ðo fendes or he[m] bi-foren Hadden ðo neddres ðider boren; [266] At the bottom of this page is the catchword—"Qua_n_ne he ðat bodewurd." [267] MS. dat; see the catchword. THE WATERS ARE TURNED INTO BLOOD. Pharaoh would not let the Israelites go. And pharaon ſtirte up a-non, And for-bed ðiſ folc to gon. 2932 ÐO ſeide moyſes to araon, "Q_u_at redeſ tu, broder, ſule wit don? ðiſ king him his[268] wel wiðer-ward Agen ðis folc, and herte hard; 2936 Moses and Aaron again came before Pharaoh. Go we and ſpeken wið hem get, And fonden wið ðiſ token bet." [Fol. 57b.] And ſo deden [he] ſone a-non, And comen bi-foren pharaon, 2940 Quad aaron, "nu ſaltu ſen Q_u_ilc godes migtful ſtrengðes ben." Aaron smote on the flood with his wand; He ſmot on ðat flod wið ðat wond, soon anon it became blood, Sone anon blod men al it fond; 2944 and the fish in it died. And ðe fiſſes, in al ðat blod read, floten a-buuen and wurðeden dead; In every well and pool blood was found, In eu_er_ilc welle, in eu_er_ilc trike, men funden blod al witterlike, 2948 except in Goshen. But-if it were in ðe lond gerſen, ðor-inne woree[269] ðe ebriſſe men. ðis wreche, in al egypte rigt, This plague lasted seven nights. Leſtede fulle ſeuene nigt; 2952 ðo waſ ðiſ king ſumdel for-dred, Pharaoh then promised that the Hebrews should depart. And het he_m_ he ſulden vt ben led; And moyſes ðiſ pine vn-dede, And water wurð on blodeſ ſtede. 2956 When the plague was removed he would not release them. ðan pharaon wurð war ðis bot, ðiſ folc of londe funde_n_ ne mot; Iannes and mambres, wicheſ wod, Him ðhugte he maden water blod; 2960 Mad sorcerers misled the king. It waſ on fendes wiſe wrogt, for to bi-tou_r_nen[270] ðe kingeſ ðogt. Moyſes lerede god, ſpac hi_m_ mide, Al ðat iſ broðer aaron dede. 2964 [Fol. 58.] Eft he comen to pharaon, And he wernede ðiſ folc ut-gon. [268] _read_ is. [269] woren? [270] MS. bitou_er_en. THE PLAGUES OF FROGS AND GNATS. Aaron held up his hand towards the water, and up came a host of frogs. And aaron held up his hond, to ðe water and ðe more lond; 2968 ðo cam ðor up ſwilc froſkes here ðe dede[271] al folc egipte dere; Some were wild and some tame. Su_m_me woren wilde, and ſu_m_me tame, And ðo hem deden ðe[272] moſte ſame; 2972 Some crept into houses, drink, meat, and bed. In huſe, in drinc, in metes, in bed, It cropen and maden hem for-dred; Some died and stank. Su_m_me ſtoruen and gouen ſtinc, And vn-hileden mete and drinc; 2976 Tadpoles, frogs, and toads afflicted Egypt's folk. Polheuedes, and froſkes, & podes ſpile Bond harde egipte folc [273]in ſile. ðiſ king bad moyſes and aaron, ðat he ſulden god bone don; 2980 The frogs died, And ſone ſo moyſes bad iſ bede, ðiſ wirmes ſtoruen in ðe ſtede; but the king forbad the departure of the Hebrews. And q_u_ane ðe king wurð war ðis dead, Anon ðis folc fore he for-bead. 2984 Ðe ðridde wreche dede aaron Bi-foren ðe king pharaon; The third plague of gnats, small to look at, but sharp in biting. He ſmot wið ðat gerde on ðe lond, And gnattes hird ðor ðicke up-wond, 2988 ſmale to ſen, and ſarp on bite, In al egypte fleg ðiſ ſmite. [Fol. 58b.] And ðo dede men and herf wo, Anger and tene, ſorge and wo. 2992 The sorcerers said, "This is token of God's ghost," Q_u_oðen ðo wiches clerkes(.) "ðiſ fortoken godeſ gaſtes is." for they lacked might to do this. Her hem wantede migt and ſped, to ſwilc ðing cuðen he non red; 2996 ðiſ toknes dede aaron. Pharaoh remained obstinate, God ſente ſiðen hem oðere on, for euere eld ðiſ king on-on, And wernede ðiſ folc vt to gon. 3000 Ðo ſeide god to moyſen, "Go ðu gund pharaon agen; [271] MS. ðede. [272] MS. de. [273] ? un-sile. PLAGUES OF FLIES, BOILS, AND BLAINS, Sei him, if min folc ne mote gon, and was punished by a plague of flies. fleges kin ſal hin ou_er_-gon, 3004 And al hiſ lond to ſorge ten; Oc lond gerſen ne ſal non ben." Then gave he them leave to depart, And ðuſ[274] it was, and al ðiſ ſor Sag pharaun, and dredde hi_m_ ðor. 3008 He gaf hem leue ðo vt to faren wið-ðanne-ðat he to londe ef[t] charen; And moyſes bad meðe here on, and the flight of flies was removed. And ðiſ fleges fligt vt iſ don; 3012 And pharaon wroð[275] herte on hard, And vn-dede hem ðat[276] forward. Moyſes ſpac ſiðen wið gode, Message comes to Pharaoh of a great plague. And he brogte pharaun ðiſ bode; 3016 [Fol. 59.] "To-morgen, bute he mugen vt-pharen, Egyptes erf ſal al for-faren." The murrain among the cattle. He wið-held[277] hem and, al-ſo he it b[e]ad, Al ðe erf of egipt wurð dead; 3020 And get ne migte ðiſ folc vt-gon, ſwilc har[d]neſſe iſ on pharaon. After ðiſ time, it ſo bi-cam, ðat moyſes aſkes up-nam, 3024 The plague of boils and blains. And warpes vt til heuene-ward; ðo wex vn-ſelðe on hem wel hard, dolc, ſor, and blein on erue and man; The sorcerers hid themselves, and would not come before Pharaoh, ðe wicches hidden hem for-ðan, 3028 Bi-foren pharaun nolden he ben, so loathsome were they to look upon. So woren he lodelike on to ſen; At laſt, q_u_an it waſ ou_er_-gon, Hadde moyſes ðo leue non. 3032 Siðen ſente ðe lou_er_d gode, God's message to Pharaoh. bi moyſes, to ðiſ king bode; "for-ði lete ic ðe king her ben, Men ſal, ðurg ðe, mi_n_ migte ſen, 3036 And knowen ſal ben, ðe to un-frame, In eu_er_ilc lond min migte name. [274] MS. duſ. [275] worð? [276] MS. dat. [277] MS. wid-held. HAIL-STORM, AND GRASSHOPPERS. He threatens the king with hail-storm. ſwilc hail was her or neuere nomen So ſal ðiſ ſel to-morgen cumen; 3040 Do men and erue in huſe ben, If ðu wilt more hem liues ſen." [Fol. 59b.] ðo men, ðe weren in eige and dred, ben borwen, and erue, ðurg ðiſ red. 3044 On the morrow came thunder, hail, and lightning. O morgen, al ſwilc time al ſir, ðhunder, and hail, and leuenes fir, Cam wel vnghere; al ðat it fond It slew many men, broke down trees, grass, and corn. Bergles, it ſloge i_n_ ðat lond; 3048 Treeſ it for-brac, and greſ, and corn, ðat waſ up-ſprungen ðor bi-foren; Oc ðe ebrius in lond gerſen ne derede it, coren, ne erf, ne men; 3052 ðo ſeide ðe folc to pharaon, The Egyptians beseech Moses to remove this plague. "Nu ic wot we haue miſ-don; Moyſes, do ðiſ weder charen, And gu ſal [ic] leten ut-faren." 3056 Moyſes gede vt, helde up iſ hond, And al ðiſ vnweder ðor atwond, The storm ceased, And wurð ðiſ weder ſone al ſtille, And al after ðe kinges wille. 3060 but though the weather was soft, the king's heart was hard. ðiſ weder iſ ſofte, And ðiſ king hard, And brekeð hi_m_ eft ðat forward. MOyſes ſiðen, and aaron, Then said Moses, Seiden bi-foren pharaon, 3064 "To-morrow shall the grasshoppers come into the land." "To-morgen ſulen greſſeoppes cumen, And ðat ail ða bileaf ſal al ben numen; So ſal ðin hardneſſe ben wreken, ðat men ſulen longe ðor-after ſpeken." 3068 [Fol. 60.] "Goð vt," q_u_að he, "red ic ſal taken, And gu ſiðen i ſal anſwer maken." The Egyptians advise the king to let the Israelites go. Qvað ðiſ folc, "bet_er_ iſt laten he_m_ vt-pharen, Al ſal egipte elles for-faren." 3072 Pharaoh is at first inclined to let them go, He calde hem in; q_u_ad pharaon, "Q_u_ilc ben ðo ðe ſulen vt-gon?" PLAGUES OF LOCUSTS AND DARKNESS. Q_u_að moyſes, "but alle wapmen, wið erf, and childre, and wimmen." 3076 but would only grant permission to the men. "Hu! haue ge wrong," q_u_ad pharaon, "Gu wapmen giue Ic leue to gon; Of erf and wimmen leue ic nogt, Ear one of wapmen waſ bi-ſogt." 3080 Ef[t] ðiſ andſwere, ben vt-gon moyſes forð and aaron; Moses held up his hand, and a southern wind uprose, MOyſes held up hiſ hond, A ſuðen wind iſ flig[t] up-wond, 3084 And blew ðat day and al ðat nigt And brogte egipte an newe figt; which brought the locusts. ðiſ wind hem brogte ðe ſkipperes, He deden on greſ and coren deres. 3088 Then was the king full of woe, ðat lond was ful, and ðiſ king wo, He ſente after ðe breðere ðo. Q_u_ad pharaon, "ic haue miſ-numen, and besought Moses to turn from them the evil. Wreche iſ on vs wið rigte cumen; 3092 Bi-ſek get god, ðis one ſiðe, ðat he vs of ðiſ pine friðe." [Fol. 60b.] A western wind took away the locusts. And ſo [he] dede, and on wind cam fro weſten, and ðo opperes nam, 3096 And warpes ou_er_ in-to ðe ſe; ðo pharaun ſag iſ lond al fre, Pharaoh broke his covenant. Hiſ herte ðo wurð ðwert and hard, And al he brac hem [ðat] forward. 3100 MOyſes ſiðen held up iſ hond, The plague of thick darkness. And ðhikke ðherkneſſe ca_m_ on ðat lond, ðat migte non egipcien Abuten hi_m_ for mirkneſſe ſen; 3104 Manige ðor ſorge on liue bead, Many died from fear. And manige weren rewlike dead; Q_u_or-ſo ðe folc waſ of yſrael, The Israelites had light. He adden ligt and ſowen wel. 3108 ðo q_u_ad pharaon to moyſen, The king tells them to go, and "Led vt al ðat iſ boren of man, THE INSTITUTION OF THE PASSOVER. to leave their flocks and herds behind. And let her hen boden er[f] & ſep, ic wile ðor-on[278] nimen kep." 3112 Q_u_ad moyſes, "la! god it wot, Moses will not consent to this arrangement. ſal ðe[r]-of bi-leuen non fot, Al we ſulen iſ wið vs hauen; 'Wold,' q_u_ad god, 'wile ðor-of crauen.'" 3116 Q_u_að pharaon to moyſen, Moses and Aaron are driven out from the presence of Pharaoh. "Nu ic rede ðat ge flen; for ſe ic gu more-ou_er_ nu, dead ſal be[279] wreken ou_er_ gu." 3120 [Fol. 61.] MOyſes fleg to lond gerſen, ðor wuneden hiſ kinnes men. God tells Moses of his final vengeance upon the Egyptians. Quað god, "get ic ſal pharaon, Or ge gon vt, don an wreche on, 3124 (Nu ſal ic in-to egipte gon,) Swilc wreche waſ ear neu_er_e non; Each first-born shall be destroyed. Deigen ðor ſal ilc firme bigeten Of men and erf, non forgeten; 3128 Oc among gu, dredeð gu nogt, to gu ne ſal non iuel ben ſogt, Ne ſal ic gu nog[t] loten Of ðat ic haue gu bi-hoten." 3132 The year shall begin, Siðen q_u_að god to moyſen, "ðiſ ſal gure firmeſt moneð[280] ben, ðoo gune men ðe mone ſen when in April the new moon is seen. In april Reke-fille ben." 3136 ðanne he lereden he_m_ newe wunen; The institution of the Passover. "Eu_er_ilc ger, more to munen, Eu_er_ilc huſ-folc ðe mai it ðauen A lamb or kid of the first year is to be taken and slain by each household on the fourteenth day of the month, On ger ſep oðer on kide hauen; 3140 ðe tende dai it ſulde ben lagt, And ho[l]den in ðe tende nagt, And [slagen] on ðe fowrtende dai; So mikil hird ſo it noten mai, 3144 Ben at euen folc ſum to ſamen, and to be roasted whole. And ilc folc iſ to fode framen, [278] MS. dor-on. [279] MS. me. [280] MS. moned. THE DESTRUCTION OF THE FIRST-BORN. [Fol. 61b.] And eten it bred, and non bon breken, None of it is to be taken out of the house. And nogt ðor-of vt huſe wreken, 3148 Oc ſod and girt, ſtondende, and ſtaf on hond, It is to be roasted whole, Ilc man after his owen fond, and eaten with bitter herbs, and unleavened bread. Heued and fet, and in rew mete[n], leſen fro ðe bones and eten, 3152 Wið[281] wriðel and vn-lif bread;" The remainder is to be burnt, and the blood is to be sprinkled upon the door-posts. ðe bi-leuen brennen he bead. "ðe dure-tren and ðe uu_er_ſlagen, wið yſope ðe blod ben dragen; 3156 ðat nigt ſal ben feſt paſche," forð-for, on engle tunge, it be. Vengeance came upon the Egyptians. ON midel ſel, ðat[282] ilc nigt, So cam wreche on egipte rigt; 3160 The first-born of man and beast were slain. Ilc firme bigeten, of erf and man, was ſtoruen on morwen and dead forðan; ðo waſ non biging of al egipte lich-leſ, ſo manige dead ðor kipte.[283] 3164 Pharaoh consented to let Israel go. ðo wurð phara[o]n nede driuen And haueð[284] hem ðane leue giuen; And egipte folc bad hem faren, And ſwiðe a-weiward hem garen. 3168 The Egyptians gave the Hebrews whatever they asked. Q_u_at-ſo he boden, ſrud[285] or ſat, Egipte folc hem lenen ðat; Waſ hem nogt werned ðat he crauen, for here ſwinc-hire he nu hauen; 3172 [Fol. 62.] Gold and ſilu_er_ he hauen vt-brogt, The Israelites numbered 600,000 men. ðe tabernacle ðor[286]-wið wurð[287] wrogt; He woren ſexe hundred ðhuſent men, wið-vten childre and wimmen; 3176 Al erf-kin hauen he ut-led, Egipte folc hem hauen ut-ſped. Moses thought of the oath sworn to Joseph. Almost redi waſ here fare, moyſes bi-ðogt him ful gare 3180 Of ðat ðe iſ kin haueð ſworen, Joseph's grave could not be found. Ioſepes bones ſulen ben boren; [281] MS. wid. [282] MS. dat. [283] caught. [284] MS. haued. [285] MS. ſruð. [286] MS. dor. [287] MS. wurd. THE ISRAELITES LEAVE EGYPT. Oc ðe ail haueð[288] ſo wide ſpiled, ðat hiſ graue iſ ðor vnder hiled, 3184 A golden rod with the name of God upon it was laid upon the flood. On an gold gad ðe name god Iſ grauen, and leid up-on ðe flod; Moses followed its course, and thus discovered the grave. Moyſes it folwede ðider it flet, And ſtod ðor ðe graue under let; 3188 ðor he doluen, and hauen ſogt, And funden, and hauen up-brogt ðe bones ut of ðe erðe wroken, Some of the bones were whole and some broken. Su_m_me hole, & ſu_m_me broken; 3192 He dede iſ binden & faire loken Alle ðe bones ðe he ðor token. When Israel left Egypt there was an earthquake. Q_u_ane he geden egipte fro, It wurð erðe-dine, and fellen ðo 3196 Many temples fell down. fele chirches and ideles mide, Miracle it was ðat god ðor dede. [Fol. 62b.] Seven score years were gone since Joseph was buried. Gon woren .vii. ſcore ger Siðen[289] ioſep waſ doluen ðer;[290] 3200 And .xxiii. ſcore fro ðan ðat god it ſpac wið[291] abrah_ra_m. The Israelites journey from Rameses to Succoth. fro Rameſe to ſokoht ſtede Non man on hem letting dede, 3204 For ſwinc and m_ur_ning hem was on, fro ðe liches in-to ðe erðe don; And manige of ðo grete_n_ forði ðat he adden ben hard hem bi. 3208 From Succoth they go to Etham, and thence to Pihahiroth. To burg ethan fer fro ſokoth, And ðeðen he ten to pharaoth;[292] ðor he ſtunden for to ſen q_u_ilc pharaon wið he_m_ ſal ben. 3212 Pharaoh called out his army. Pharaon bannede vt hiſ here, Iſrael he ðhogte to don dere; Six hundred chariots he brought out of Egypt, fifty thousand horsemen, and ten score thousand men of foot. Sex hundred carte-hird i-wrogt[293] vt of egipte he haueð[294] brogt; 3216 On horſe fifiti ðhusent men, x ſcore ðhusent of fote ren; [288] MS. haued. [289] MS. Siden. [290] MS. der. [291] MS. wid. [292] MS. pharaofh. [293] MS. hirdi wrogt. [294] MS. haued. THE ISRAELITES CROSS THE RED SEA. Alle he ledde hem vt forði ðat folc ebru to werchen wi. 3220 When the Israelites saw the Egyptian host they became sore afraid. Ðiſ godes folc waſ und_er_-numen, Q_ua_n he ſegen ðiſ hird al cumen, Sore he gunen for-dredde ben, for ne cuðen ne[295] gate flen, 3224 [Fol. 63.] And if he ðore ben bi-ſet, for they were without weapons. Ille he ſulen ben hung_er_ gret; He ne mogen figten a-gen, They chided Moses. for [he] wið-vten wopen ben; 3228 ðanne he ðuſ woren alle in dred, On moyſen he ſetten a gred. "Beð nu ſtille," q_u_að moyſes, Moses promises them God's assistance. "ðor god wile(.) iſ non helpeles; 3232 Ge ſulen ſen ðiſ ilke dai Q_u_at godes migt for gu mai." He bad ðiſ folc dregen wið ſkil, And he bi-ſogte godes wil. 3236 God instructs Moses to stretch out his rod over the sea. Qvað god, "q_u_or-at calles ðu me? Hold up ðin gerde to ðe ſe And del it ſo on ſundri del, ðat gu ben garknede weigeſ wel." 3240 Moses did so. ðo moyſes helde up hiſ hond, A wind blew the sea from the sand, A wind blew ðe ſe fro ðe ſond; On twel[fe] doles delt iſt ðe ſe, and twelve thoroughfares were made for the people. xii. weiges ðer-in ben faiger and fre, 3244 ðat eu_er_ilc kinde of iſrael Mai ðor hiſ weige finden wel. The water stood up as a wall on both sides. ðe water up-ſtod, ðurg godes migt, On twinne half, alſo a wal up-rigt; 3248 Moyſes bad hem, alſo he ben boren, ðe eldeſt kindes gon bi-foren; [Fol. 63b.] Moses went first, and then the men of Judah. Oc moyſes gede in bi-foren, And ðo ðe kinde of iuda boren; 3252 On and on kin, alſ herte he_m_ cam, ðat folc ilc in his weige nam; [295] ? he no-gate THE EGYPTIAN HOSTS ARE DROWNED. A cloud went before them. Bi-foren he_m_ fleg an ſkige brigt ðat nigt he_m_ made ðe weige ligt; 3256 Egiptes folc gunnen ðiſ ſen, Pharaoh pursued the Israelites, And wenden ðat he wode ben. Ðis bode herde king pharaon And him ðuhte ſellic ðer-on, 3260 Garkede his hird & after nam, and to the Red Sea he came. And to ðe ſe bi nigte he cam; In went this host after the king. In ferde ðiſ hird after ðiſ king, And ðo ſprong ðe daieni_n_g. 3264 ðhunder, and leuene, and rein ðor-mong God ſente on ðat hird, ſtið and ſtrong; Some were for going back. ðo quoðen he, "wende we a-gen, An[d] iſrael folc lete we ben." 3268 ðor-q_u_iles ben ðo kinges[296] cumen The Israelites reached the land, Ou_er_, and hauen ðe londes numen; Egipcienes woren i_n_ twired wen q_u_eðer he ſulden folgen or flen; 3272 And moyſes ſtod up-on ðe ſond, and God bade Moses stretch his rod over the sea. God him bad helden up hiſ hond to-ward ðiſ water, in a morgen q_u_ile ðe ſe luked, ſo god it wile,[297] 3276 [Fol. 64.] The sea covered the Egyptians, And on and on, ſwiðe litel ſtund, Egypcienes fellen to ðe grund;[298] and not one remained undrowned in that salt spot. Of hem alle bi-leaf non fot Vn-drincled i_n_ ðat ſalte ſpot.[299] 3280 Ðvs iſ iſrael of hem wreken, And here welðe iſ to londe weken, Wepen, and ſrud, ſiluer, and gold; wel hem mai ben ðe god beð hold! 3284 Moses made a new song, and taught it to the people. Moyſes ðor made a newe ſong, And tag[t]e it al ðat folc a-mong; Each day for a week it was sung over. And ilke dai ðat ſeuen nigt, Ones he ðor it ſungen rigt; 3288 [296] kindes? [297] At the bottom of this page is the catchword—"And on and on." [298] MS. grunð. [299] MS. ſwot. THE SOJOURN AT SHUR, ELIM, AND SIN. In memory of which are we wont to come seven times to the font at Eastertide. ðor-of in eſterne be we wunen Seuene ſiðes to funt cumen. Ðor q_u_iles he weren in ðe deſert, God tagte hem weie, wis and pert; 3292 A fair piler ſon hem on o nigt, And a ſkie[300] eu_er_e on daiges ligt. The fifth sojourn was in the wilderness of Shur; Ðe fifte ſuriuren ðat he deden, In ðe deſert ſur, on drie ſtede; 3296 three days the people were without water. ðre dages weren he ðider gon, ðat he ne funden water non; At Marah the waters were bitter, but A welle he funde at marath,[301] ðe water was bit_er_ and al wlath;[302] 3300 A funden trew ðor-inne dede a tree rendered them sweet. Moyſes, and it wurð ſwet on ðe ſtede. [Fol. 64b.] The sixth sojourn was at Elim, Ðe ſexte ſuriuren at elim, xij welle-ſpringes weren on him, 3304 An[d] then[303] and ſexti palme tren bi ðo welles men migte ſen; He maden ſiðen, fro elim, and from thence to Sin. Mani ſuriuren in ðe deſert ſin. 3308 Bi-twen elim and ſinay, Bread fails them. bred wantede, hem was wo forði; ðat was on ðe ðrittiðe[304] dai, ðat here wei fro egypte lay, 3312 ðor he woren hungur for-dred; They murmur against Moses. "Ille," he ſeiden, "haue we ſped, Bet uſ were in egipte ben, Bred and fles ðer[305] we muwen ſen." 3316 Moyſes wurð war ðe folc was wroð, And here gruching ðo god was loð. "ſtille," q_u_að he, "and on-dreg, Godeſ fulſum-hed iſ gu ful neg." 3320 God sends them a flight of fowls, At euen cam a fugel-fligt, fro-ward arabie to hem rigt; ðor migte eu_er_ilc man fugeles taken, So fele so he wulden raken; 3324 [300] MS. aſkie. [301] _read_ marach. [302] _read_ wlach. [303] ten? [304] MS. ðrittide. [305] MS. der. THE MIRACULOUS FALL OF MANNA. and on the morrow a dew, On morgen fel hem a dew a-gein. firſt he wenden it were a rein, knewen he nogt ðiſ dewes coſt; like rime frost; It lai ðor, q_u_it als a rim[306] froſt, 3328 "Man-hu," said they, wherefore they called it Manna. He ðe it ſogen,[307] ſeiden, "man hu," Manna for-ði men clepeð it nu. [Fol. 65.] Q_u_ad moyſes, "loc! her nu [iſ] bread, Ille gruching iſ[308] gu for-bead." 3332 A met ðor was, it het Gomor, Each man gathered an omer of it before the sun shone, Ilc man iſ he bead, and nu_n_mor, Hi_m_ gaderen or ðe ſunne-ſine, Elles he ſulden miſſen hine. 3336 for it melted at the sunshine. for it malt at ðe ſunne-ſine, Oc oðer fir for-hadede hine. When ground and made into bread, it tasted like wafers made with honey. To duſt he it grunden and maden bread, ðat huni and olies ðef he bead; 3340 Q_u_o-ſo nome up forbone mor, it wirmede, bredde, and rotede ðor. Moses filled an omer of the manna, Moyſen dede ful ðe gomor, In a gold pot, for muning ðor. 3344 Held it ſundri in clene ſtede, and placed it in the tabernacle. And in ðe tabernacle he it dede. Wið ðiſ mete weren he fed, fowerti winter vten leð,[309] 3348 Til he to lond canaan Comen(.) ðat god hem giuen gan. Forth came this folk, and came to Rephidim, Forð nam ðiſ folc, ſo god tagte him, to ðe deſert of rafadim;[310] 3352 where they murmured for thirst, and did chide with Moses. Tidlike hem waſ ðat wat_er_ wane, ðor he grucheden for ðriſt hane;[311] [Fol. 65b.] Harde he bi-haluen ðer moyſes, And to god he made is bi-men. 3356 "Lou_er_ed," q_u_ad he, "q_u_at ſal ic don? He ſulen me werpen ſtones on." God sent him for water to a rock in Horeb. Q_u_að god, "go ðu to erebiſ ſton, And ſmit wið ðin gerde ðor-on." 3360 [306] MS. rin. [307] MS. logen. [308] ? ic. [309] led? [310] MS. rafaclim. [311] MS. haue. THE ISRAELITES OVERCOME THE AMALEKITES. It was a ſtede henden ðor-bi, Moses smote the rock, On a ſyde of munt ſynay; And he ſmot wið his wond ðor-on, And water gan ðor-vten gon; 3364 and the people had enough to drink without toiling for it. Anog adden he ðanne drinc, Redi funden wið litel ſwinc; This place was called Temptation. ðat ſtede waſ cald temptatio, for he ðo god fondeden so. 3368 Amalek comes to war against Israel. Amalec, yſmaeles ſune, Was ðor hende rafadim[312] wune, He welte ðor ſtone and iaboch, ðat herdes folc him lou_er_d toch; 3372 Wopened he ben a-gen iſrael. Moses sends Joshua with the army to fight with Amalek. Moyſes ear it wiſte wel, And ſente agen hem king ih_esu_m, w_i_ð folc iſrael wopened ſum; 3376 He let bi-aften ðe[313] more del, Moses, accompanied by Aaron and Hur, goes up to the top of a hill, and prays for the folk of Israel. To kepen here ðing al wel. He, and aaron, and hur ben gon, Heg up to a dune ſone o-non; 3380 [Fol. 66.] Moyſes bad [for] folc yſrael, And hiſe benes hem holpen wel; Ai q_u_iles he up iſ hondes bead, Amalek is overcome by the holding up of Moses' hands. Amalechkes folc fledde for agte of dead, 3384 And q_u_ane he let[314] iſ hondes niðer, Amalech folc fagt hard and wiðer; Q_u_ane it wurð war, vr[315] and aaron He iſ under-leiden wið an ſton, 3388 Til ſunne him ſeilede in ðe weſt; Thus Moses fought best of all. ðus fagt Moyſes ðor alðer-beſt. Amalech fleg, and iſrael Hadde hegere hond, and timede wel. 3392 ðo ſente god to moyſen, wið ðis timing to muning ben, The future destruction of Amalek. "Get ſal ðe kinde of amalech Ben al fled dun in deades wrech." 3396 [312] MS. rafaclim. [313] MS. de. [314] MS. leth. [315] MS. ut. JETHRO VISITS MOSES. Moses raises an altar. Moyſes made ðor alter on, "Min bliſ" iſ name ðor-one don. Jethro visits Moses, ÐO cam ietro to moysen, To ſpeken him and ðo kinnes-men, 3400 bringing with him Zipporah and her two sons. And ſephora, moyſes wif, And hire two ſunes of faiger lif; Ietro liſtnede moyſes tale, Moses relates to him the destruction of Pharaoh. Of him and pharaon ðe dwale, 3404 And ðhankede[316] it almigten wel, ðat waſ bi-tid for iſrael; [Fol. 66b.] And at wið moyſen feſtelike, Jethro counsels Moses to appoint rulers of the people, And tagte him ſiðen witt_er_like 3408 Vnder him helpes oðere don, ðat folc ſtering to ſtreng[t]hen on. rulers of thousands, Al bi ðhuſenz ðiſ folc was told, Ilc ðhuſent adde a meiſter wold; 3412 And vnder ðiſ tgen[317] ſteres ben, rulers of hundreds, Ilc here on hundred to bi-ſen; Vnder ðis ilc two ſteres wunen, rulers of fifties, And vnder hem fif oðere numen; 3416 and rulers of tens. Ilc of ðe .v. ſteres-men Vnder hem welden in ſtere tgen.[317] An appeal to be made from the ruler of ten, If ymong .x. wurð ogt miſ-don, Here ſtere rigten [ſulde] ðor-on, 3420 And if he ne mai it rigten wel, to the ruler of hundreds, Taunet iſ meiſter eu_er_ilc del; And if he rigten it ne can, and thence to the superior ruler. He taune it al hiſ ouer-man, 3424 Ai ſo forð fro man to man, Til he it here, ðe rigten can; The final appeal to be made to Moses. If it ne mai or rigted ben, ſo ſal it cumen to moysen. 3428 These rulers were to be able men, god-fearing, lovers of truth, and haters of covetousness. He bad him cheſen ſtereſ-men Migti, ðe gode-frigti ben, ðe ſoð-faſtneſſe lef ben, And ðe niðing [and] giſcing flen. 3432 [316] MS. ðahankede. [317] ten? THE PEOPLE COME TO SINAI. [Fol. 67.] Moses accepts the counsel. ðiſ red ðhugte moyſes ful god, And leuelike it under-ſtod. Ietro wente in-to his lond a-gen; Al[ſ] he redde, al-ſo gan it ben. 3436 In the third month of the year Exodus, and in the forty-seventh day after they left Egypt, Ðe ðridde moneð in iſ cumen, To ſynay ðiſ folc iſ numen; ðe ſeuene and forwerti dai ðat he nomen fro egipte awei, 3440 the people come to the desert of Sinai. Vnder ðiſ munt he funden ſteden, And here teldes ðor he deden. On oðer daiges morgen q_u_ile, God tauned[318] moyſi q_u_at he wile. 3444 "Sei ðiſ folc ðat nu ðolen, God's message by Moses unto the people out of the mount. for iſ here ðhogt nogt me for-holen; 'If ye liſten lefful to me, Ic wile min folc owen be.'" 3448 And moyſes tolde ðiſ iſrael, And him heten eu_er_ilc del, ðat hem bideð, ſulen he don. God dede moyſes ðiſ bodeword on, 3452 The people are to be prepared against the third day. "Clenſe ðiſ folc wel ðiſ to daiges, And bidde hem leden clene la[i]ges; Abute ðiſ munt ðu merke make,[319] If erf or man ðor-one take, 3456 The mountain must not be touched. It dead ðolen, wið ſtones ſlagen, Or to dead wið goren dragen; [Fol. 67b.] ðiſ frig[t]ful [folc] ðus a-biden, Q_u_iles ðiſ daiges for[ð] ben gliden." 3460 On the third day there were thunders and lightning and a thick cloud upon the mount. Ðe ðridde daiges morge q_u_ile, ðunder and leuene made ſpile, On ðiſ munt ſtod, and ſkies caſt, And dinede an migtful hornes blast; 3464 Smoke up reeked and the mount quaked. Smoke up-rekeð and munt q_u_akeð, Slep ðor non ðe[320] ðane up-wakeð; Ai was moſes one in ðis dine, ðiſ folc wende haue_n_ for-loren hine;[321] 3468 [318] ? tauneð. [319] MS. made. [320] MS. de. [321] MS. hi_m_ine. MOSES RECEIVES THE TEN COMMANDMENTS. Oc he cam faiger and fer him to, Moses addresses the people. And gan wið hem ſpeken ſo; "Ilc gure wel in herte mune, Ne iſt nogt moyſes, amrame ſune, 3472 He reminds them of their deliverance from the Egyptians, ðe ge ſulen to dai here ſpeken; Oc he ðe ſlog, gu for to wreken, Egypte, an weige made in ðe se, And let adam fonden ðe tre 3476 ðe noe barg, and abraham and of God's kindness to their ancestors, to Abraham, to Isaac, and Joseph. Ledde vt in-to lond canaan; Of olde abraham and of ſarra bigeten Dede yſaac, of olde teten; 3480 ðe gaf yſaac so manige ſunen, ðe Ioſep dede ſo riche wunen; His word gu wurðe digere[322] al-ſo lif, Digere[322] or eiðer child or wif. 3484 [Fol. 68.] Cumeð her forð, and beð alle reken, And lereð wel q_u_at he ſal ſpeken." Moses leadeth the people to the foot of the mount. He ledde hem to ðe muntes fot, Non but non[323] forðere ne mot, 3488 And on iſ broðer aaron; God bad hem ðat merke ou_er_-gon; ðo ſo ſpac god ſo brigt-like, ðat alle he it herden witt_er_like. 3492 The Ten Commandments. First Commandment. LOke ðat ð_u_ god oðer ne make, Ne oðer ðan me ðat ðu ne take. for ic am god, gelus and ſtrong, Min wreche iſ hard, min ðole iſ long. 3496 Third Commandment. Tac ðu nogt i_n_ idel min name[n], Ne ſwer it les to fele in gamen, Ne let ðu nogt min wurðfulhed for-faren in ðe fendes red. 3500 Fourth Commandment. Min hali dai ðu halge wel, An do ðin dede on oðer ſel. Fifth Commandment. Wurð ðin fader and moder ſo, ðat ðu hem drede and helpe do. 3504 [322] = dgere = diere = dere. [323] ? Nun. THE PEOPLE ARE AFRAID. Sixth Commandment. Ne ſlo ðu nogt wið hond ne wil, Ne rend, ne beat nogt wið vn-ſkil; Help de nedful, ðat he ne be dead for truke of ðin helpe an[d] read. 3508 Seventh Commandment. Oc horedom ðat ðu ne do, Ne wend no lecherie to. [Fol. 68b.] Eighth Commandment. Loke ðe wel ðat ðu ne ſtele, Ne reflac, ne ðefte, for-hele.[324] 3512 Ninth Commandment. Falſe witneſſe ðat[325] ðu ne bere, Ne wið ðe leſe non ma[_n_][326] ne dere. Tenth Commandment. Ne giſce ðu nog[t] ðin neſtes ðing, Huſ, ne agte, ne wif, in ðin giſcing; 3516 For if ðu it gernes and giſſe, ðu tines vn-ended bliſce." The Israelites at the foot of the mount are in great dread and fear. Ðiſ for-frigted folc figeren ſtod, dredful, and bleð, and ſori mod; 3520 Herden ðat dredful beames blaſt, Sogen ðat figer, dred held he_m_ faſt. ðo ſeiden he to moyſen, They intreat Moses to stand between them and God. "Be ðu nu god and us bi-twen, 3524 Her nu q_u_at god ſal more q_ue_ðen, And tellet uſ ſiðen her bi-neðen." And moyſes ſteg up a-non, God gave to Moses many commandments and laws, God hem bad bodes manige on 3528 And lages; and hu he ſulen maken ðe tabernacle, and wor-of taken instructed him concerning the making of the Tabernacle, ðe gold, and ſilu_er_, and ðe bras, ðe ſyðen don ðor-on[327] was, 3532 And nemeld it beſeel, and gave him two tables of stone upon which were written the Ten Commandments. And two oðere to maken it wel; And gaf to[328] tabeles of ſton, And .x. bodeword writen ðor-on. 3536 [Fol. 69.] Ðor q_u_iles moyſes was up wið gode, And liſtenede al ðat leue bode, [324] MS. for for hele. [325] MS. dat. [326] MS. ma. [327] MS. dor-on. [328] two? THEY WORSHIP A GOLDEN CALF. The people, in the absence of Moses, said unto Aaron, Swilc wod-hed ðiſ folc[329] cam on, ðat he ſeiden to aaraon, 3540 "Make us gods to go before us," "Mac vs godes foren us to gon, of moyſes haue we helpe non." Aaron and vr ſtoden a-gen, And boden hem ſwilc ðhowtes leten; 3544 ðat wod folc ðor ur of dage and compelled him to make a molten calf, Brogten, and deden aaron i_n_ age; Here faigere ringes he boden taken, And don in fier, and geten, and maken 3548 An calf of gold, and [an] alter Made ðat folc, and lutten it ðer, which they worshipped. And ðat calf ofrendes deden, And made gret feſt in ðat ſtede[n]. 3552 Ðo ſeide god to moyſen, God is angered thereby. "Go ðu nu dun ðin folc to ſen, He hauen ſineged and miſdon, Let me taken wreche ðer-on." 3556 Moses intreateth for them. "LOru_er_d,[330] merci!" q_u_ad moyſes, "get ne let hem nogt helpe-les; If he nu her w_u_rðen ſlagen, Egipte folc ſal ðor-of ben fagen, 3560 And ſeyen ðat he ben bi-ſwiken, In ðe deſert wel liðerlike;[331] [Fol. 69b.] And ðenk, lou_er_d,[330] q_u_at ben bi-foren Abram, and yſaac, and iacob ſworen." 3564 God listeneth to Moses, and is appeased. God liſtnede wel[332] al ðis anſwere; ðat he ðis folc al ðer[333] ne dere. And moyſes gan neðer-ten, Moses came down with the tables, And Ioſu cam him a-gen, 3568 Alſ he was ilc dai wune to don, q_u_il moyſes ðat munt was on. Q_u_at Ioſue to moyſi, "Ic wene he figten dun her-bi," 3572 [329] MS. has "ðiſ folc" twice over. [330] MS. lou_er_ð. [331] MS. liderlike. [332] MS. wel and wel. [333] MS. alðer. THE IDOLATERS ARE SLAIN. "Nai, for gode," q_u_ad moyſes, "It iſ a ſong wikke and redles." and seeing the idolatry of the people, he brake them in pieces. Moyſes cam ner and ſag ðiſ plages,[334] And ðiſ calf, and ðiſ ille lages; 3576 So wurð he wroð, o mode ſarp, Hiſ tables broken dun he iſ warp, The calf he burnt and ground to powder, and mixed it with the water they drank. And dede ðat calf melten i_n_ fir, And ſtired it al to duſt ſir, 3580 And mengde in wat_er_ and forð it of, And gaf ðat folc drinken ðat drof. ðo wiſte he wel q_u_ilc hauen it don, Sene it was here berdes on. 3584 ðo gredde he lude, "goð me to, Alle ðe god luuen so." Moses caused the idolaters to be put to death. Frend ne broðer ne ſpared he nogt On of hem ðat haued ðiſ wunder wrogt; 3588 [Fol. 70.] Of ðo ðe weren to ðiſ red, The number slain were about 3000. .xxx. hundred to ðe dead woren ðane don ſone a-non, ðurg ſtrengðe of moyſes and aaron; 3592 On oðer ſtede men writen ſen, xxiii. ðhusent ðat ðor ben; On the morrow, Moses reminded the people of their sin. Ðo woren on liue ſumdel les. On oðer dai q_u_ad moyſes, 3596 "Michel ſinne haue ðe[335] don,[336] Ic ſal gon ſeken bote her on." He returned to Mount Sinai to seek God's mercy. Eft he ſteg up to munt ſynay, for to bi-ſeken god merci. 3600 "Lou_er_d," q_u_ad he, "ðin meðe iſ god, Merci get for ðin milde mod![337] Or ðu ðiſ folc wið milche mod,[338] Or do min name ut of ðin boc." 3604 God promises to send his angel before the people. God anſwerede, "of ſal ic don Hem, ðe arn nogt to ben ðor-on; Go, led ðiſ folc, min engel on [334] MS. wlages. [335] ge? [336] MS. Michel ſinne q_u_að haue ðe don. [337] ? milde-hod. [338] MS. moð. THE TABLES ARE RENEWED. Sal ic don ðe bi-foren gon." 3608 Ebrus ſeigen it waſ michael Engel ðe ſiðen ledde hem wel. Moyſes faſtede ſiðen to pligt xl. daiges and xl. nigt; 3612 Moses received other tables. Oðere tables he brogte eft(.) writen, And ſunne-bem brigt ſon iſ wliten [Fol. 70b.] ðat folc on him ne migte ſen But a veil wore hem bi-twen. 3616 The Israelites offer Moses gold and silver for the tabernacle. Ðo waſ ðiſ folc frigti and rad To don al ðat moyſes he_m_ bad; Offreden him ſiluer and golde, And oðer metal ſwilc he wolde; 3620 Bezaleel and Aholiab are appointed for the work of the tabernacle. He it bi-tagte beſſeleel, And eliab, he maden wel ðe tabernacle alſ he_m_ was tagt, Goten and grauen wið witt_er_ dragt; 3624 Seven months they were about it. .vii. moneð ðor-buten he ben, And here ſwinc wel he bi-ten; for ſwilc huſ was ear neu_er_e wrogt, Ne ſwilc ſafte her on werlde brogt; 3628 God taught Moses the fashion of it. God it tagte al ear moyſen Wiſlike hu it wrogt ſulde ben, Q_u_ilc ſrud, q_u_at offrende, q_u_ilc[339] lage, And q_u_at for luue, and q_u_at for age. 3632 Aaron and others of his kin were appointed to serve in the tabernacle. Aaron biſſop, oðere of ðat kin, Sette he he_m_ for to ſeruen ðor-in. Bokes he wrot of lore wal, Hu ðiſ folc hem rigt leden ſal, 3636 Bette_n_ miſ-dedes, and clene lif Leden, wið-uten [h]ate and ſtrif. Twelve months passed ere the people departed from Sinai. Twelf moneð forð ben alle cumen, Or he fro ſynay ben forð numen; 3640 [Fol. 71.] On the twentieth day of the second month (in the second year), On ðat oðer twentiðe[340] dai, of ðe oðe[r] moneð[341] tagte he wei; ðat brigte ſkie bi-foren hem fleg,[342] [339] MS. q_u_il. [340] MS. twentide. [341] MS. moned. [342] MS. flegt. THE BURNING AT TABERAH. the Israelites departed from Sinai, And ðiſ folc ðor after teg. 3644 ðre dages and nigtes faren it gan and came into the wilderness of Paran. And wið-ſtod i_n_ ðe deſerd pharan; ðiſ folc iſ after ſofte togen, For their complaining, And hauen ſwinc in weige drogen; 3648 for ðat ſwinc he grucheden ðor, ðor-fore hem cam on more ſor. the fire of the Lord consumed them, fier iſ on hem bi-ſiden ligt, fele it brende and made o-frigt, 3652 but is quenched by the prayers of Moses. Moyſes it bleſſ[ed]e wið his bede, And brenni_n_ge he calde ðat ſtede. Here hine-folc ðe waſ hem mide, And ſu_m_me of hem ðor ille dede, 3656 The people lust for flesh and loathe manna. He gerneden after oðer mete[n], Of manna he ben for-hirked to eten; He greten up-on moyſen, And he to god made his bi-men. 3660 Moses complains of his charge. "Loru_er_d!" q_u_ad he, "ðiſ folc iſ ðin, And al ðis ſorge nu iſ min; But ic haue an oðer[343] read, Ðu ſalt me raðe don[344] ðolen dead." 3664 God commands him to choose seventy wise men to help him in the government of the people. Q_u_að god, "ches ðe nu her ſeuenti Wiſe men to ſtonden ðe bi, [Fol. 71b.] And ic ſal hem geuen witt_er_-hed, And he ðe ſulen don helpe at ned; 3668 And ðin folc ſal to-morgen bi-geten ynog fles(.) into a moneð[345] for to eten." Moyſes was bliðe an glad[346] of ðis, The appointment of seventy elders. And ches ðo men [ðe] god made wiſ; 3672 waſ here non of herte dim, p_ro_phetis he weren and holpen him. Fro lond ortigie cam a wind, Quails are sent in wrath at Kibroth-Hattaavah. And brogte turles michel mind; 3676 It flogen longe, and ðikke, and wel Abuten ðe folc of yſrael; For two days the fowls came. Two daiges hem ben fugeles cumen, [343] MS. oder. [344] MS. ðon. [345] MS. moned. [346] MS. glað. MIRIAM IS SMITTEN WITH LEPROSY. So fele he wilen, he [h]auen numen, 3680 And dried and holden to eten; Oc god ne wile[347] it nogt for-geten; The Lord smote the people with a plague because of their murmuring. ðat gruching hauen he der_re_ bogt, fier haueð[348] on hem ðe wreche wrogt, 3684 Brend and doluen waſ ðat folc ſoth; ðat ſtede beð cald ðor-fore cabroth. The people come to Hazaroth. FOrð he nomen to aſſaroth, Miriam speaks against Moses, ðor wurð maria ſumdel ſoth,[349] 3688 for ſche ðor haueð wið moyſes fliten; and is smitten with leprosy. ðor wurð ghe ðanne wið lepre ſmiten, And vten ſundred .vii. nigt, In grot and i_n_ ſrifte, ſore offrigt;[350] 3692 [Fol. 72.] Moyſes bi-ſogte, and ſche wurð fer And frend, and cam ðat[351] broðer ner. The people remove from Hazaroth and come to Paran. FOrð nam ðiſ folc ſiðen fro ðan fele iurnes in-to pharan; 3696 Forð waſ gon al ðeſe oðer ger, ðo he woren at ſyon-gaber; Men are sent to search the Land of Promise. Fro ðeðen[352] he ſente forð to ſen, Q_u_ilc ðo riche londes ben, 3700 ðat god hem ſulde bringen in; One is sent from each tribe. On man he ſente of ilc kin. xii. ſondere men ðor vte faren, ðiſ hoten lond ðurg-vt he charen, 3704 The spies having been away forty days, xl. daigeſ faren ben; Bi ðanne q_u_anne he wenten a-gen, In-to cades ðe folc was ſogt. ðeſ .xii. ðider hem hauen brogt 3708 return bringing with them of the plenty of the land. Of ðe plenteð ðe god ðor gaf, An win-grape on an cuuel-ſtaf, And tolden hem ðe lond iſ god, ful of erf and of netes brod; 3712 In Hebron they found walled cities, stalworth men, and giants. Oc burges ſtronge and folc v[n-]frigt, ſtalwurði to weren here rigt; [347] MS. wile he. [348] MS. haued. [349] ? sot. [350] At the bottom of the page is the catchword—"Moyſes bi-ſogte, &." [351] MS. dat. [352] MS. ðeden. THE REPORT OF THE SPIES. And geteniſſe men ben i_n_ ebron, Q_u_ilc men mai get wundren on. 3716 The Israelites murmur at the news. ðiſ folc ðo ſette up grot and gred, And ſeiden he folwen iuel red; [Fol. 72b.] "Betre iſ vs get we wenden agen And i_n_ egipte ðralles ben, 3720 ðan we wurðen her ſwerdeſ ſlagen, "A captain," said they, "we will make, and return into Egypt." And ure kin to ſorge dragen;[353] An loder-man we wilen us ſen, And wenden i_n_-to egipte agen; 3724 Joshua and Caleb endeavour to still them. Ðo quad Ioſue and calef, "Leateð ben ſwilc wurdes ref, And doð nogt god almigten wrong, Iſ milce iſ mikel, iſ ſtrenge iſ ſtrong." 3728 God threatens them. ðor ðrette god hem alle to ſlen, If moyſes ne wore ðor agen; For Moses' sake he spareth them. Oc for iſ benes and for iſ ſake[n], get he ſal wið hem milche maken, 3732 The murmurers are deprived of entering the land. Oc alle he ſulen wenden a-gen, And in ðe deſert longe ben; And on ðe .xx. winter hold or mor ut of egipte told, 3736 ðat hauen ðuſ often fand, Ne ſulden welden ðat leue land, Joshua and Caleb are excepted. Wið-vten Ioſue & calef, Here rigt-wiſed waſ gode lef. 3740 Much sorrow came upon the people. Moyſes told hem al ðis anſwere, And he ben ſmiten i_n_ ſorweſ dere; Yet thirty-seven years shall they be in the desert. Get he ſulen .xxx.vii. ger In ðe deſert ben vten her. 3744 [Fol. 73.] Agen he maden here dragt, Al-ſo ðat ſkie haueð[354] tagt. Oſwas was moyſes eam,[355] And chore was iſ bernteam; 3748 Korah, with two hundred and fifty princes, rebel against Moses. Ille nið iſ herte wexe on A-gen moyſen and aaron, [353] MS. ðragen. [354] MS. haued. [355] MS. cam. THE REBELLION OF KORAH AND ABIRAM. Hem two .ii. hundred men, And two[356] ðo .xl. and ten; 3752 They said they were more worthy to perform the services of the Tabernacle. He ſeiden he weren wurði bet to ðat ſeruiſe to ben ſet; And two migtful he hauen taken, Meiſtres princes he wolden he_m_ make_n_, 3756 Dathan and Abiram were joined to Korah. On dathan(.) an oðer Abiron. Moyſes it herde and ſeide a-non, "To-morwen beð her alle redi, Moses' directions to the company of Korah. And ilc gure oðer ſtonde bi; 3760 And ilc gure hiſe reklefat, And fier ðor-inne and timi_n_ge on ðat, And ðan ſulde we brigte ſen, Q_u_ilc gure ſal god q_u_emest ben." 3764 And ðuſ it waſ on morgen don, Dathan and Abiram would not obey the command of Moses. Ne wulde he, dathan(.) ne abiron, For orgel p_ri_de forð ðor cumen; Moyſes wið[357] folc iſ to hem numen, 3768 In here teld he ſtonden a-gen Moyſes and vr, [&] ne wulde gon; [Fol. 73b.] Moyſes ðor gret and bad iſ bede, The earth swallowed up Korah. And erðe denede[358] ſone i_n_ ðat ſtede, 3772 And opnede vnder [h]ere fet; Held up neiðer ſton ne gret, Alle he ſunken ðe erðe wið-in, Wið wifes, and childre, and hines-kin, 3776 Swilc endeſið vn-bi-wen hauen; None had need to toil in burying them. darð[359] noman ſwinken hem to g_ra_uen, ðiſ erðe iſ to-gidere luken, Als it ne were neu_er_e or to-broken. 3780 FOr chore wel wiſte ðat A fire came from God, Gret fier wond vt of is reclefat, And of iſ fere on and on, and burnt the two hundred and fifty men. And for-brende hem ðor eu_er_ilck on; 3784 Oc aaron al hol and fer, Cam hi_m_ no fieres ſwaðe ner; [356] to? [357] MS. wid. [358] MS. deuede. [359] MS. ðarð. A PLAGUE SLAYS FOURTEEN THOUSAND PEOPLE. Of the censers were made crowns for the altar of brass. Of ðo Reklefates for wurðing, Woren mad, and for muning, 3788 Corunes at ðe alter of bras, ðe at here tabernacle was. On the morrow the people murmured against Moses and Aaron, who fled to the Tabernacle. For al ðiſ, oðer day ðor waſ neſt, Agenes moyſes and iſ prest 3792 Gan al ðiſ folc wið wreðe gon, And wulden hem werpen ſtones on; To ðe tabernacle he ben flogen, ðor [h]aueth a ſkie he_m_ wel bi-togen; 3796 [Fol. 74.] A fire slew many of the people. A fier magti ðat folc feſt on, And haueð manige ðor for-don. ðan bad moyſes aaron, wið hiſe Rekelefat, to ðat fir gon; 3800 And he it dede[360] alſ he hi_m_ b[e]ad, Aaron stays the plague. Ran and ſtod tuen[361] liues and dead, And ðiſ fier bleſſede and wið-drog, It [h]adde or ſlagen manige ynog; 3804 Fourteen thousand and eighty were thus slain. .xiiii. ðhusent it haueð ſlagen, And .iiii. ſcore of liue dragen. Ðog ðiſ folc miðe a ſtund for-dred, The Israelites do not recognise Aaron's authority, ðog he ben get i_n_ ſunder red, 3808 Get he aglen on here red(.) and wen ðat it mai loked betre ben; ðog ðiſe brende ben for-ſaken, ðog he wenen ðat god ſal taken 3812 but think that others are fitted for the service of God. Of ðo .xii. tribuz ſu_m_me mo, To ben ðor he for-hu-gede ðo, Or ynog raðe of eu_er_ilc kin, He wile ðat ſu_m_me ſerue ðor-in. 3816 "Childre," q_u_at moyſes, "gure ſtrif Moses addresses the people, dereð ðe ſowle and greueð ðe lif; Do we uſ alle in godes red, and directs each prince of the tribes to take a rod, and to write every man his name upon it. Vs ſal timen ðe betre ſped; 3820 Ilc prince me take hiſe wond, And do we us here i_n_ godes hond; [360] MS. ðede. [361] MS. tiren. THE PRIESTHOOD OF AARON CONFIRMED. [Fol. 74b.] And on [ilc] wond writen ſal ben ðe kindes name ðe ðor to tgen; 3824 God ſal to-morgen token don, Q_u_ilc kinde he wile ðiſ meſt_er_ on. The rods were written upon, ðuſ it was don, and on a wond Wið-uten[362] ðo wrot he wið hond 3828 ðe twelfte names of ðat kin; and laid before the Lord in the Tabernacle. ðe tabernacle he dedis in, And ðor he iſ haued god bi-tagt, And let iſ ben ðor al ðat nagt. 3832 On the morrow the rods were examined, O morgen q_u_an he com a-gen, Q_u_at was bitid he let hem ſen; Ilc wond he fond of eu_er_ilc kin Alſ ſwilc alſ he iſ dede ðor-in; 3836 and Aaron's rod, of the house of Levi, had budded, blossomed, and brought forth almonds, Oc on, ðe was of aaron, (Writen was name leui ðor-on), It was grene and leaued bi-cumen, And nutes amigdeles ðor-onne numen; 3840 ðo wiſten he ðat[363] aaron so it was seen that God had appointed Aaron as bishop. Was hem biſſop ðurg god don; To ſen gode witneſſe ðor-on, ðat wond was in ðat arche don. 3844 [I]N ðe deſert he wuneden ðor Thirty-seven years and more the people abode in the desert, .xxx.vii. winter and mor; Longe abuten munt ſeyr, folgede hem ðat ſkie ſcir, 3848 [Fol. 75.] wandering about from place to place, And often to ðe ſe ðor-bi, And often to ðe munt ſynay; Her and gund ðor he biried lin, and all the old ones died. Alle he[364] olde deden ðor fin. 3852 And at ðe laſte ne-ðe-les, Eft he come ſone to cades, At Kadesh Miriam died, ðor was moyſes ſiſter dead; ðat folc ðor .xxx. daiges a-bead, 3856 And after wune faire hire bi-stod, wið teres, rem, and frigti mod; [362] MS. wid-uten. [363] MS. dat. [364] ðhe? THE DEATH OF AARON AT HOR. and her body was buried in Mount Zin. Hire lich iſ biried in munt ſin, Hire ſowle iſ reſted ſtede wið-in. 3860 It bi-tidde after hire dead The people murmur for water. ðat ðis folc ſorge i_n_ ðriſte abead. And ðer roſ wreððe and ſtrif a-non Agen moyſen and aaron; 3864 Moses is commanded to gather the people before the rock at Meribah. God [bad] ſemelen folc and gon, And foren he_m_ ſmiten on ðe ſton And ſeide, ut of ðe ſmiten ſton Ynog hem ſulde wat_er_ gon; 3868 He and hiſ folc comen ðer-to, Ic wene frigtlike ðat he do; Ones he ſmot ðor on ðe ſton, Moses smote the rock twice, and the water flowed forth, And miſte, and ſag ðe water gon; 3872 An oðer ſiðe he went iſ ðogt Betre and ſoftere, and ne miſte nogt, [Fol. 75b.] and the folk and cattle had enough. ðo flew ðor[365] water michil and ſtrong, Al folc and erue a-nog a-mong. 3876 The people are denied a passage through Edom. Ðvrg lond edom ne migte_n_ he faren, ðor-fore he ſulen a-buten charen Bi ðe deſert of arabie lond; Long weige and coſtful he ðor fond, 3880 forð bi archim ðat meiſt_er_ burg; ðe deſert aren he walkeden ðurg, They come to Mount Hor, Til ðat[366] he comen to munt hor; Aaron ðo wente of liwe ðor, 3884 where Aaron dies. Eleazar, iſ ſune, him neſt Was mad biſſop and meiſt_er_ p_re_ſt. Thirty days the folk mourned for him. xxx. daiges ðat folc in wep Wið bedes, and gret, and teres wep; 3888 Get iſt ſene, on ðe mu_n_t on ðat ſtede, Q_u_or men aaron i_n_ birieles dede; The age of Aaron. vii. ſcore ger and .iii. told, ðor he lið doluen on ðat wold. 3892 Forð ðeðen he comen to ſalmona, The people murmur, for-weried grucheden he ðoa, [365] MS. dor. [366] MS. dat. SIHON AND OG ARE OVERCOME. ðor-fore hem cam wrim-kin among, and are plagued with serpents. ðat hem wel bitterlike ſtong; 3896 Non oðer red ðor don ne waſ, They, repenting, are healed by a serpent of brass, Moyſes ðor made a wirme of bras, And henget hege up-on a ſaft, ðurg godes bode and godes craf[t]; 3900 [Fol. 76.] Q_u_at ſtungen man so ſag ðor-on, ðat werk him ſone al was vn-don; which long afterwards was worshipped in Jerusalem. Digere it was al ðat berem-tem,[367] figer ſiðen in-to ierusalem; 3904 oc ſiðen it waſ to duſte don, for ðat folc miſleuede ðor-on.[368] The people come to Zered. Frigti nam forð ðis folc and bleð, Til he comen to flum iareth; 3908 ðiſ water him on-ſunder drog, And let hem ouer, drige ynog; Sihon, king of the Amorites, comes out against Israel and is overcome. King ouer(.) amor(.) reos(.) ſeon, for to figten cam he_m_ ageon; 3912 ðiſ folc him ſlog and hiſ lond tok, Suð fro arnon, norð to iabok, And weſten al to flu_m_ iordan; The king of Bashan is slain. Oc he ſlugen king of baſaan. 3916 To lond moab drugen he ſo, ðor nu iſ a burg, ierico. Balaac king was for-dred for-ðan, And ſente in to lond madian, 3920 To hiſe frend ðe ben hi_m_ neſt; Balak sends after Balaam, And ſente after balaam ðe preſt, Wið riche men an[d] giftes oc, for to ſtillen hiſe [vn-]eðe mod, 3924 And bad him cumen for to don to curse the folk of Israel. fol[c] of yſrael hiſ curſing on. [Fol. 76b.] Balaam wið-[h]eld him ðor ðat nagt The failure of the first message. To witen q_u_at him ſal wurðen tagt; 3928 Al waſ iſ fultu_m_ and hiſ ſped [367] beren-tem? [368] For this see 2 Kings, xviii. 4. BALAAM SETS OUT TO CURSE ISRAEL. Bi-luken ille, in fendes red. On nigt hi_m_ cam ſonde fro gode, Agen ðiſ kinges[369] red for-bode, 3932 God forbids Balaam to curse the Israelites. And ðat he ne curſe non del ðiſ folc ðat god bliſcede wel. O morgen ſeide he, "fare ic nogt, for bode iſ me fro gode brogt." 3936 Balak's second message to the prophet. Balaac ſente richere an[d] mo Medes, and oðer men to ðo. "Sondes, ſondes," q_u_að balaam, Or he ðeſe oðere medes nam, 3940 Balaam's answer to the messengers. "Ðog balaac king me goue hold, Hiſ huſ ful of ſiluer and of gold, Ne mai ic wenden her bi-neðen;" Godes wurd iſ cumen alſ it iſ q_ue_ðen;[370] 3944 Oc or or ge wenden agen, ðiſ nigt ic ſal fonden and ſen." Q_u_at tiding so it cam on ðe nigt, On morgen, at ðe daiges ligt, 3948 He consents to go with the princes of Moab, Vp-on hiſe aſſe hiſ ſadel he dede, To madian lond wente he hiſ ride, And wente iſ herte on werre ðhogt; Wicke giſcing it haueð[371] al wrogt. 3952 being influenced by covetousness. ðuſ rideð forð ðiſ man for-loren, [Fol. 77.] An angel meets him in the way. The ass is frightened, An angel drog an ſwerd him bi-foren, ðiſ aſſe wurð ſo ſore of-dred, Vt of ðe weige it haueð him led. 3956 Sellic ðogte balaam for-ði, And bet and wente it to ðe ſti Bi-twen two walles of ſton; and turns aside to the wall, Eft ſtod ðiſ angel him a-gon,[372] 3960 ðiſ aſſe iſ eft of weige ſtired,[373] So ðat balames fot iſ hird;[374] so that Balaam's foot is crushed. And he wurð ðo for anger wroð, And ðiſ prikeð and negt ſloð; 3964 [369] MS. ginges. [370] MS. queden. [371] MS. haued. [372] ? agen. [373] ? stirt. [374] ? hirt. BALAAM'S ASS SPEAKS. The angel went further, and stood in a narrow place, forð and narwere ðiſ aſſe hi_m_ bar, And ðe ðridde ſiðe wurð ðe angel war. ðo ne migte ðes aſſe flen, and the ass fell down under Balaam, Ne he ne durſte forðere ten, 3968 Oc fel ðor dun(.) ðan ðis was don, who smote her with his staff. Balaam it ſpureð and ſmit ðor-on; And god vndede ðiſ aſſes muð, God opened the mouth of the ass, and she spoke to her master. So ſoð it iſ(.) ſo it is ſelcuð. 3972 Q_u_uað ðiſ aſſe ðus wið vn-miðe, "Qui betes ðu me ðis ðridde ſiðe?" Q_u_að balaam, "for ðu tregeſt me; Had ic an ſwerd, ic ſluge ðe." 3976 Nevertheless this infatuated man was not frightened. So was ðis were to wunder brogt, ðhog ðe aſſe ſpac, frigtede he nogt; [Fol. 77b.] ðe let god[375] him ðat angel ſen, The angel tells Balaam, wið ðe ſwerd dragen him agen. 3980 Q_u_að ðe angel, "ðin weige iſ me loð, that but for the ass he would have slain him. ðor-fore am ic wið ðe ðuſ loð;[376] If ðin aſſe ne were wið-dragen, Her ſuldes ðu nu wurðen ſlagen." 3984 The prophet offers to return. Q_u_að balaam, "q_u_ane ic haue miſ-faren, If ðu wilt, ic agen ſal charen." He is cautioned by the angel. "far forð," q_u_að ðe angel, "oc loc ðe wel, for-bi min red, q_u_að ðu non del." 3988 Balak entertains Balaam. forð-na_m_ balaa_m_, and balaac king Cam him a-gen for wurðing, Gaf him giftes of mikil priſ; And balaam ſeide him to wiſ, 3992 "Sal ic non wurd[377] mugen forð-don, Vten ðat god me leið on." Balak causes seven altars to be built. Balaac him leddede[378] heg on an hil, And .vii. alteres wrogte in his wil, 3996 On ilc alter fier alðerneðer, On each altar was offered a bullock and a wether. And ðor-on an calf and a weðer, And he bad balaac ſtonden ðor-bi, And gede on-rum q_u_i[379] bute for-ði, 4000 [375] MS. goð. [376] wroð? [377] MS. wurð. [378] ledde? [379] q_u_ile? BALAAM BLESSES ISRAEL. fro abuuen cam to him bi-neðen, Word in herte ðat[380] he ſal queðen; God's word comes to Balaam, Q_u_an he cam to balaac a-gen, Swilc wurdes he let vt-ten. 4004 [Fol. 78.] "Hu mai ic ðat folc curſen on, and he blesses Israel. ðor lou_er_d haueð[381] bliſcing don? ðiſ folk ſal waxen wel and ðen, And ou_er_ al oðer migtful ben, 4008 Hiſ lif beð bliðe, hiſ ending ſal, ðe timeð al-ſo ðiſ time_n_ ſal." Balak is greatly displeased. Balaac miſliked al ðiſ q_ue_ðe,[382] And ledde he_m_ ðeðen on oðer ſtede, 4012 To munt faga, for to ſen wel Of folc iſrael ðe oðer del. He brings the prophet to another place. He wente on oðer ſtund or ſtede, Betre timi_n_g ðor-fore he it dede, 4016 And wende wenden godes ðogt, Oc al he ſwinked him for nogt. Again seven altars were raised, and offerings made. Hef[t] haueð he mad her .vii. alter, And on ilc brend eft twin der. 4020 Gede eft balaam up on-rum, ðo ſeide ðuſ q_u_anne hem ca_m_ dun, The parable of Balaam. "ðis folc, ſprungen of iſrael, Iſ vnder god timed wel; 4024 Al-ſo leun iſ migtful der, Israel is compared to a lion. So ſal ðiſ folc ben migtful her; ðiſ leun ſal oðer folc freten, Lond canaan al preige bi-geten." 4028 Balak was ill pleased with the priest's words. Ille liked ðanne balaac Eu_er_ilc word ðe p_re_ſt balaam ſpac. [Fol. 78b.] Balak brings Balaam to Mount Peor. Get he ledde him to munt fegor, And efte he ſacrede deres mor; 4032 ðor[383] ſpac balaam mikel mor Of ðiſ folckes migt, or he dede or. "folc ebru," q_u_að he, "ðat ic ſe, Again he blesses the Israelites, Bliſced ſal ben ðe bliſcede ðe; 4036 [380] MS. dat. [381] MS. haued. [382] quede? [383] MS. dor. BALAAM'S ADVICE TO BALAK. And q_u_uo-ſo wile curſing maken, Ille curſing ſal him taken; and prophesies their future happiness and greatness. Of ðe ſal riſen ſterre brigt, And a wond ðe ſal ſmiten rigt 4040 Moab kinges, and under-don Al ſedes-kin ðiſ werld up-on." Such tidings made Balak's heart sore. Manie tiding q_u_ad balaam ðor, ðe made balakes herte ſor; 4044 Oc ðan balaam wente a-gen, Balaam teaches Balak how to injure the Israelites, Tagte he balaam q_u_at migte ben ðiſ folc to dere, and gaf him red ðat brogt iſr_ae_l iwel ſped. 4048 by sending out young women fair of face and soft of speech, "ðe ginge wi_m_men of ðin lond, faiger on ſigte an[d] ſofte on hond, And brigte on hewe, on ſpeche glad, Wið ðgere[384] ſal ic ſondes ſad, 4052 ðe ðu ten vt gen ðiſ men, who should "brew heart-burning and love," ðe cunen[385] brewen herte-bren, wið win, and wlite, & bodi, & dwale, Luue[li]ke and wið ſpeche ſmale, 4056 [Fol. 79.] and so turn the people from God. To wenden hem fro godes age To ði londe godes and vre lage; Bute-if ðu migt forðen ðiſ red, And hem fro godes luue led, 4060 For war nor weapon had no power to harm them. And fonde to wenden ðuſ here ðhogt, for wi ne wopen ne helpeð[386] nogt." forð-nam balaam, ðat ille q_u_[e]ad ðe gaf ðiſ read of ſoules dead. 4064 This counsel was followed, ðuſ it was don, and bi ðat ſel and thus it fell that Israel sinned in Shittim, In ſichin ſingede iſrael, And for luue of ðiſ hore-plage Manie for-leten godes lage, 4068 And wrogten ðor ſwilc ſoules for and worshipped Baal-peor. ðat he ðor lutten belphegor. Ðo ſeide god to moyſen, "ðe me[i]ſtres of ðiſe hore-men, 4072 [384] gere? [385] MS. cumen. [386] MS. helped. WHOREDOM AND IDOLATRY PUNISHED. God commands the chief men to be hanged. ðe fendes folgen and me flen, ðe bidde ic hangen ðat he ben; Ben ðeſe hangen ðe ſunne agen, ðise oðer[387] folc ſal meðe ſen." 4076 Twenty-three thousand were slain. Godes wreche ðor haueð of-ſlagen xx.iii. ðuſent of dagen.[388] Phinehas kills Zimri and Cozbi finees waſ a ſeli man, ðe godes wreche forðen gan; 4080 He ſlug Zabri for godeſ luuen, Hiſe hore bi-neðe and hi_m_ abuuen; [Fol. 79b.] with his long and sharp pike. ðurg and ðurg boðen he ſtong wið hiſe giſarme ſarp & long. 4084 God moysen nemnen bead God commands Moses to take the sum of the people above twenty. Hiſ folc ðe was firmeſt fro dead, Or .xx. winter or more hold, ðe in egypte or ne weren told; 4088 It was found to be 601,720. On and .vi. hundred ðuſent ðor, And .vii. hundred and .xx. mor Moyſes fond and eliazar; Was non of he_m_ told in tale or, 4092 Of those who were numbered at Sinai, all died except Joshua and Caleb. ðo moyſes tolde he_m_ and aaron, ðan [h]e gunnen fro egipte gon. Vten ioſue and caleph, Alle elles he driuen i_n_ deades weph; 4096 Alle ðiſe wapmen ðor[389] god let liwen, ðe lond hoten ſal hem ben giuen. God moyſes clepede and q_u_ad to him, Moses being told of his death, "ſtig hege up to munt Abarim, 4100 And ic ſal don ðe ðeðen[390] ſen ðe lond ðe ſal ðiſ folc[e]s ben; ðer ðu ſalt ben of werlde numen. In to ðat lond ſalt ðu nogt cumen." 4104 "Lou_er_d, m_er_ci!" q_u_ad moyſes, intreats God not to let the people be "helpless." "Let ðu ðin folc nogt helpe-les, And good let oc ðu he_m_ bi-ſe, Alſwilc alſ hem bi-hu[f]lik bee." 4108 [387] MS. oder. [388] MS. ðagen. [389] MS. dor. [390] MS. ðeden. MOSES DIES IN MOAB. [Fol. 80.] Joshua is appointed to succeed him. God hem andſwerede, "ioſue Ic wile ben loder-man aft_er_ ðe; Tac him bi-foren eleazar, ðat al ðin folc wurð war, 4112 And ðine hondes ley him on, Sey him on ðin ſtede to gon." Alſ it is boden, alſo he dede, Ioſue wurð ſet on hiſe ſtede. 4116 When Moses was on Abarim, God showed him the promised land. Ðo moyſes was on abarim, ðat lond hoten god tawned him. ðor q_u_iles him leſten liue dages, Hiſ he tagte leue lages, 4120 Moses' song, setting forth God's vengeance And writen hem, haueð[391] iſ hem bitagt, Bute-if he iſ loken he_m_ beð agt,[392] Erðe and heuene he wittneſſe tooc, And wrot an canticle on ðat booc, 4124 upon those who would not serve Him truly. ðat ðreated ðo men bitter-like ðe god ne ſeruen luue-like. ðo .xii. twelue kinderedes, on and on, The blessings of the twelve tribes. He gaf bliſcing bi-leue gon; 4128 At munt nemboc on ðat knol faſga, Wane he was ſtigen ðeðen ðoa, Sag ðe lond of p_ro_miſſion, ðurg god[393] hi_m_ was ſiðen ðat on. 4132 Moses dies in Moab, and is buried by angels' hands. ðer he ſtarf i_n_ne. ðe moab lond, His bodi was biried wið angeles hond, [Fol. 80b.] No man ever found his body. ðer non man ſiðen it ne fond, In to lef reſte hiſ ſowle wond. 4136 Ebrius ſeigen, ðuſ waſ bi-tid, It was thus hid, ðat moyſes waſ hem ðuſ hid, for, migten he finden ðe ſtede, that the people might not afterwards worship it. Q_u_or engel-wird hiſ liche dede, 4140 fele ſulden him leuen on, And leten god; ðat were miſ-don. [391] MS. haued. [392] MS. beð beð agt. [393] MS. goð. MAY GOD SHIELD US FROM HELL'S NIGHT! Ydolatrie, ðat waſ hem lef, ofte vt-wrogte he_m_ ſorges dref. 4144 Although Moses was 120 years old, MOyſes iſ faren, on elde told fulle ſex ſcore winter old; yet his eyesight remained bright, and every tooth was "by tale right." And ðog hi_m_ leſtede hiſe ſigte brigt, And eu_er_ilc toð bi tale rigt. 4148 .xxx. daiges wep iſrael for hiſ dead(.) and bi-ment it wel. Such a prophet in Israel rose none. Swilc p_ro_phete i_n_ folc of iſrael Roſ non, ne ſpac wið god ſo wel; 4152 Eſdras iſ witneſſe of [hiſ] ſage, He was wel wiſ of ðe olde lage. Beseech we now God's might, Bi-ſeke we nu godes migt, ðat he make ure ſowles brigt, 4156 that he shield us from Hell's night, And ſhilde us fro elles nigt, And lede us to bliſſe and i_n_-to ligt; In ſwilc ðewes lene[394] us to cumen,[395] ðurg q_u_at we ben to liue numen, 4160 [Fol. 81.] and bring us all into bliss. Amen! And in-to bliſſe wið ſeli men; Wið muð and herte ſey we, Amen! EXPLICIT LIBer EXOD_US_. [394] ? leue. [395] MS. cunen. NOTES. P. 1. ll. 1-2 _Man og to luuen ðat rimes ren, ðe Wisseð wel ðe logede men._ _og_, another form of _agh_, = _ow_ = ought. _ren_ = _run_ = _rune_, song, story. "Nalde ha nane _runes_ Ne nane luue _runes_ leornen ne lustnen."—(St. Kath. 108.) _logede_ = lay. It is not necessarily unlearned, ignorant, etc., for O.E. writers frequently use the term in contradistinction to clergy. See Ayenbite, p. 197. "Vor all manere of volk studieþ in avarice, and (both) great and smale, kinges, prelates, clerkes, an _lewede_ and religious."—(Ayenbite, p. 34.) "And bathe klerk and _laued_ man Englis understand kan, That was born in Ingeland."—(Met. Hom. p. 4.) 3 _loken_, to take care of oneself, to direct one's course of life, keep from sin. See Ayenbite of Inwyt, pp. 1, 197, 199, 201. "Ac alneway hit is nyed to leawede men that hi ham _loki_ vram þise zenne (avarice)."—Ayenbite, p. 31. 10 _ðund_ is evidently an error for _gund_ = yond, yonder, over. Cp. gu for ðu, ll. 365, 366. "& _þeond_ þat lond he heom to-draf (B. & ouer al þat lond he drof heom)."—(Laȝ. i. 68.) 12 _earuermor_ = _eauermor_ = evermore. 14 _soðe-sagen_ = _soðe-sage_ = _sooth-saw_ = sooth-saying, true saying. 15-16 _Cristene men ogen ben so fagen, so fueles arn quan he it sen dagen._ Christian men ought to be as fain (glad) As fowls (birds) are when they see it dawn. 17 _telled_ = _telleð_ = telleth. 20 _devil-dwale_ = devil-deceiver, devil-heretic = arch-deceiver, arch-heretic. See l. 67. Cf. _maȝȝstredwale_ = master heretic = arch-heretic, in the following passage:— "Off all þis laþe læredd follc Þat we nu mælenn ummbe Wass _maȝȝstredwale_, an defless þeww, Þat Arrius was nemmnedd." Of all this loathsome learned folk That we now talk about Was an arch-heretic, a devil's serf That Arius was named. —(Orm. i. p. 258, l. 7454.) 23 _til god srid him in manliched_, till god shrouded (clothed) himself in manhood. _srid_ = _sridde_. 24 _bote and red_, salvation and counsel. 25 _And unspered al ðe fendes sped_ = undid all the fiend's successful work (luck). 26 _halp_ = Old and Middle Eng. _holp_ = helped, assisted. P. 2. l. 27 _Biddi_, an error for _bidde_? 31-34 _ðu giue me seli timinge, To thaunen ðis wer[l]des biginninge, ðe, leuerd god, to wurðinge, Queðer so hic rede or singe!_ Give Thou me a propitious opportunity To show (declare) this world's beginning, Thee, Lord God, for honour, Whether-so-ever I read or sing! _thaunen_ = _taunen_, show, exhibit. "Ful wel he [Crist] _taunede_ his luue to man, Wan he ðurg holi spel him wan." —Bestiary (O.E. Miscell. p. 24, l. 767.) The word is very uncommon in O.E. writers. Cp. O.Du. _tônen_, to show. See ll. 1022, 2034. _wurðinge_ = for worship, honour. _wurðinge_ is a noun, not a participle or gerund. See l. 133. 38 _Ear ðanne_ = ere that. 41 _ðo bad god wurðen stund and stede,_ When God bad exist time and space. 43 _ðrosing_ seems to be an error for _ðrosim_ or _ðrosem_ = fog, mist, chaos. Cf. _waspene_ in l. 1440, p. 41, where the correct form is _wasteme_. _aðrusemen_, to suffocate, occurs in Ancren Riwle, p. 40. wíte þoliað hátne heaðo-welm helle to-middes brand & bráde lígas swilce eác þa biteran récas, _þrosm_ and þystro, torment they suffer burning heat intense amidst hell, fire, and broad flames; so also the bitter reeks smoke and darkness. (Caedmon, p. 21, 18.) 45 _ðu wislike mune_ = do thou wisely bear in mind. 47 _hin_ = _hine_ = him. 48 _or_, another form of _ar_, = ere, before. 49-56 The meaning of these lines may be expressed as follows:—"And of them two [God the Father and God the Son] that dearly love, who wield all here and above, _proceeds_ that holy love, that wise will [the Holy Ghost], that wieldeth all things with right and skill [reason]. Might bad with word light exist; also that might [the Holy Ghost] wieldeth _holy consolation_, for there are three persons and one counsel, one might, and one godhead." 54 _Hali froure_ = holy comfort, an allusion to the office of Holy Ghost as the comforter. "Hire uoster moder wes an þe _frourede_ hire." = Her foster mother was one who comforted her.—(St. Marherete, p. 8.) 58 _o sunde[r] sad_ = _on sunder shad_, i. e. a-sunder shed = divided apart, separated. It still exists in _water-shed_, Ger. _wasser-scheide_. Cf. l. 116. See Hampole's Pricke of Conscience, p. 271, l. 32. Cp. "the _schedynge_ of tonges." (Trevisa's Translation of Higden's Polychron., p. 251.) "The longages & tonges were _ischad_ & to-schift."—Ib. p. 251. P. 3. l. 63 _ðis walkenes turn_ = this welkin's course. See l. 79. 64 _quuad_ = _biquuad_ = bequeathed, ordained. See l. 117. 69 _And euerilc wunder, and euerilc wo._ And every evil and every woe. _Wunder_ = misfortune, evil. S.Saxon _wundre_, mischief, hurt. "hare lust leadeð ham to wurchen to _wundre_." = their lust leadeth them to work to mischief.—(St. Marh. p. 14.) (See Sir Gawaine and the Green Knyght. Ed. Morris, l. 16.) 71-72 Our ancestors had some strange chronological theories. In the Cursor Mundi we read that Adam was made at _undern-tide_, at _mid-day_ Eve was drawn from his side, and at _noon_ they both ate the apple, and were thus only three _tides_ in bliss.[396] 73 _ðis ik_ (ilk?) _wort in ebrisse wen._ This same word is in Hebrew opinion (tradition). The true form is _wene_, "_a wene_" = in supposition. See Laȝ. l. 18752; Orm. l. 4326; Owl and Nightingale, l. 237. 77 _a-gon_ = _agen_ = again. 78 _a-gon_ = gone. It is our word _ago_. Grammarians, therefore, altogether err in making the _a_ in _ago_ = the prefixal element _ge_ (y) as in yclept. _agon_ and _ago_ = the A.Saxon _agán_ = _af-gán_, gone by, past. We have abundant examples in O.E. writers of the verb _agon_ (ago) = to go. The past participle is _agon_ or _ago_, in conformity to the rule that the past participles of verbs with this prefix do _not_ take the initial _y_. 81 _o france moal_; in French speech; _moal_ = _mel_ = speech. S.Saxon _mælenn_, to speak. See Orm. vol. i. l. 99, 253. _mol_ also signifies tribute. See O.E. Hom. 2 S. p. 179; O.E. Miscell. p. 151, l. 161. 87 _tellen_ = reckon. 88 _or_ = _ar_ = first. P. 4. l. 102 _It hiled_ [= hileð] _al ðis werldes drof._ = It surrounds (encloses) all this world's drove (assemblage). _drof_ = A.S. _dráf_, company. 105 _Til domes-dai ne sal it troken._ Till doomsday it shall not fail. _troken_ = S.Saxon _truken_, O.E. _trokie_. "Ah for nauer nare teonen Nulle we þe _trukien_." But never for no injury Will we fail thee. —(Laȝ. i. p. 186.) "Ah nauest þu neuere nenne mon. . . . . . . Þe cunne wærc makien. Þe nauere nulle _trukien_." But thou hast never no [any] man . . . . . . Who can make a work, That never will fail. The later copy reads "þat neuere nolle _trokie_." See St. Kath. 1814. 107 _suuen_ = _shoven_, i. e. thrust, prest, driven. 111 _oo_ = O.E. _aa_ = _ai_ = ever. 119 _birðheltre_, fruit tree, from _birðel_, fruitbearing. Adjectives in _-el_, _-ol_, are not uncommon in O.E. See O.E. Hom. 2 S. p. 131. Cp. "ðare bwys bowys all for _byrtht_." Their boughs bend all for fruit.—(Wyntown, i. p. 14.) 124-5 _fodme_. When we find, as on p. 2, l. 43, _ðrosing_ for _ðrosim_, we must not be surprised at learning that _fodme_ is an error for _fodinge_, production; A.S. _fadung_, dispensation, order, production, from _fadian_, _gefadian_, to dispose, order, produce. "Hwæt is se Sunu? He is þæs Fæder Wisdom, and his Word, and his Miht, þurh þone se Fæder gesceop ealle þing and _gefadode_."—(Ælfric—"De Fide Catholica"—Thorpe's Analecta, p. 65.) "An Scyppend is ealra þinga, gesewenlicra and ungesewenlicra; and we sceolon on hine gelyfan, forþon þe hé is soð God and ána Aelmihtig, seðe næfre ne ongann ne anginn næfde, ac hé sylf is anginn, and hé eallum gesceaftum anginn and ordfruman forgeaf, þaet hí beon mihton, and þæt hí hæfdon agen gecynd, swa swa hit þære godcundlican _fadunge_ gelicode."—(Ibid, p. 63.) 125 _quuemeðen_ = _quemeden_, pleased. See l. 86. P. 5. l. 133 _walknes wurðinge, and erdes [erðes?] frame._ welkin's glory and earth's advantage. _frame_ = advantage, gain, profit. See Handlyng Synne, ll. 5, 4249. "Twifold forbisne in ðis der [the fox] To _frame_ we mugen finden her."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 14, l. 425.) "Summwhatt icc habbe shæwedd ȝuw till ȝure sawle nede, ȝiff þat ȝe willenn follȝenn itt & ȝuw till _frame_ turrnenn."—(Orm. vol. i. p. 31.) "_Manne frame_ = men's advantage."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 2, l. 39.) "Jhesu, do me that for thi name Me liketh to dreȝe pyne ant shame That is thy (the?) soule note ant _frame_, Ant make myn herte milde ant tame."—(Lyric Poetry, p. 71.) 134 _He knowned (= knoweð) one ilc sterre name._ He alone knoweth each star's name. 135 _He settes_ = He set (placed) _them_. Cf. l. 156, where _wroutis_ = wrought _them_. The pronoun _is_ or _es_ = them. See Prefaces to Ayenbite of Inwyt, O.E. Hom. 1st and 2nd SS. 136 _ðis walkne went_ = this welkin's course. See l. 63. 141 _bi mannes tale_ = by man's reckoning. 143 _egest_ = _hegest_ = highest. _ðe sunnes brigt_ = the sun's brightness. 145 _moneð met_, measure of a month. Cp. O.E. _metwand_. 148 _Reke-fille_ (see l. 3136) = _reke-filleð_ (cp. O.E. _winter-fylleð_ = October. See Menologium, p. 62, ed. Fox), April (the vapoury or watery month). 155 _wel wurðe his migt lefful ay._ Well worth his might ever holy! Cf. "_wo worth_ the day!" etc. _lefful_ = O.E. _geleáfful_, faithful, holy. O.E. Miscell. p. 23, l. 713. 160 _eruerilc_ = _eauerilc_ = every. 162 _his flotes migt_ = his floating (swimming) power. Cp. "_a flote_," _a float_, Rob. of Brunne, p. 169, l. 13. 163 _ðen_ = to prosper, be successful. Cf. the O.E. phrase, "so mot I _the_." 164 _tuderande_ = propagating, fruitful. "Þa gyt drihten cwæð . . . . . wórd to Noe tymað nu & _tiedrað_." Again the Lord spake . . . . . words to Noah:— Teem now and propagate. —(Cæd. p. 91.) "I was borenn her Off faderr & off moder. . . . . . Þa þeȝȝre time wass all gan To _tiddrenn_ & to tæmenn." I was born here Of father and mother. . . . . . When their time was all gone To propagate and to teem. —(Orm. ii. p. 284.) See O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 177, where _tuder_ = offspring. 168 _So_, an error for _ðo_? P. 6. l. 169 _wrim_ = _wirm_ = reptiles. 170 _Qwel_ = _qwelc_; _quilc_ = which. 172 _singen_, to sin. It is not an error for _sinnen_, but a genuine form (contracted from _sinigen_), and not uncommon in O.E. writers. See _sineged_ in l. 3555, p. 101. "He _su[n]ggeden_ and sorgeden and weren in ðogt." They sinned and sorrowed and were in thought. (O.E. Miscell. p. 22, l. 682.) "Þe verþe manere to _zeneȝi_ in chapare is to zelle to tyme." —(Ayenbite, p. 33.) "Alsuo may he mid his oȝene wyue _zeneȝi_ dyadliche.—(Ibid. p. 36.) _Sunegi_ = to sin, occurs in the "Owl and Nightingale," 926. See _Sunegie_, _sunehi_, in O.E. Miscell. pp. 67, 68, 78, 79, 193. 173 _to fremen and do frame_, to serve and do good.—(See l. 133.) "Heo scullen me mon-radene mid mo[n]scipe _fremmen_." They shall me homage with honour perform.—(Laȝ. ii. 586.) See St. Kath. 288; Anc. Riwle, p. 284. _Freme_ and _frame_ are radically the same words, the former being of A.Saxon and the latter of Norse origin. In the Ayenbite, p. 91, _vreme_ = _freme_ = _frame_ is used exactly in the sense of _frame_: "We wylleþ wel þet we be yvonded (tempted) vor hit is oure _vreme_ ine vele maneres, vor we byeþ þe more ymylded and þe dredvoller and þe more wys ine alle þinges and þe more worþ and þe more asayd." 197 _oc_ = _og_ = _ow_, ought. P. 7. ll. 204-6 Whilst it (the soul) followed holy will, God's self the while is pleased, And displeased when it loves sin. _un-lif_ is evidently an error for _un-lief_ = displeased = O.E. _unleôf_. In the MS. the _f_ has a long tail, and might almost stand for an incomplete _k_. 217 _kiegt_ = _hight_ = threatened, literally promised. 222 _ilc here_ = each of them. Cf. the expressions _her non_, _non her_ = none of them. 228 _sib_ = akin, related; still preserved in _gossip_, originally _godsib_. See Ayenbite, p. 36. 230 _wrocte_ = _wrogte_ = pret. of _worken_, to _ache_, _pain_, _hurt_. Cf. A.S. _rop-weorc_ = stomach-ache; _weorcsum_, irksome. In the Reliq. Antiq., p. 51, a receipt is given "for evel and _werke_ in þe bledder." On p. 54 of the same work we have a receipt for the "seke man" whose "heved _werkes_." 234 _ðurte_, an abbreviated form of _ðurfte_ = behoved. This verb is used with the _dative_ of the pronoun. (See Handlynge Synne, l. 5826.) "Whyne had God made us swa Þat us _thurt_ never haf feled wele ne wa." —(Hampole's P. of C. 6229.) P. 8. l. 240 _seli sped_ may be regarded as a compound, and printed _seli-sped_ = good speed, prosperity. Cf. l. 310, where _iwel sped_ = _iwel-sped_ = misfortune. Cf. O.E. _gode-happe_, prosperity, and _ille-happe_, mishap. 247 _seuendai_ = _seuend dai_ = seventh day. 250 _newes_ = _a-new_, a genitival adjective used adverbially. Cf. our modern adverb _needs_, O.E. _nedes_, of necessity; _lives_, alive. (R. of Gloucester, 301, 376. Owl and Nightingale, 1632.) _deathes_ = dead. (R. of Gl., 375, 382. Owl and Nightingale, 1630.) 255 _rode-wold_ = rode tree. I have printed _rode-wold_ and not _rode wold_, because the two expressions are widely different in meaning. In the latter phrase the word _wold_ = put to death, slain; in the former it is a suffix = -tree, -beam; so that _rode-wold_ corresponds exactly to the O.E. _rode-tre_ = _rood-tre_ = the cross. "Þe ille men in manhed sal hym [Christ] se, Anly als he henged on þe _rode-tre_," etc. —(Hampole's P. of C., l. 5260.) Cf. _dore-tree_, Piers Pl. 833, and the phrases "hanged on a _tree_," "the gallows _tree_," etc. O.E. _Tre_ = _tree_ = wood, beam (and _treen_ = wooden), still existing in _axle-tree_, _saddle-tree_, etc. The _-wold_ in _rode-wold_ must therefore = _-tre_ = wood, beam, which we still preserve in _threshold_. O.E. _threshwald_, _threshwold_ (A.S. _thersc-wald_, _thyrscwold_). The affix _-wold_ fortunately occurs again in lines 576 and 614 in the word _arche-wold_ = ark-board. Sexe hundred ger noe was hold, Quan he dede him in ðe _arche-wold_.—(l. 576.) Sex hundred ger and on dan olde Noe ſag ut of ðe _arche-wolde_.—(l. 614.) A passage in Cædmon's poems furnishes us with the very term _ark-board_ by which we have rendered _arche-wold_. "Læd swa ic ðe hate under _earce-bord_ eaforan þine." Lead so I thee hete (command) under the ark-board thy progeny. —(l. 23, p. 80.) "Him þa Noe gewat swa hine nergand het under _earce-bord_." Noah then departed as him the preserver bad, under the ark board. —(l. 4, p. 82.) 259 _Siðen for-les ðat dai is pris_ Afterwards lost that day its honour. 266 _And seli sad fro ðe forwrogt._ And _the_ righteous separated from the wicked (accursed). _Seli_ constantly occurs in O.E. writers in the sense of _good_, and _unseli_, with the opposite meaning of _bad_, _wicked_. At first sight it would appear that the _for_ in _forwrogt_ is the same prefix which we have in _forbid_, _forsake_, O.E. _for-worth_, "good for nothing;" but _forwrogt_ in O.E. = overworked, and, hence, fatigued. _Forwrogt_ seems to be connected with the O.H.Ger. _foruuerget_, cursed; O.E. _weried_, cursed. The first interpretation, however, is supported by the Goth. verb _fra-vaurkjan_; Ger. _verwirken_, sündigen. 271 _Ligber he sridde a dere srud._ Lucifer he shrouded (clothed) in dear (precious) shrouds (vestments). _Ligber_ is evidently _Ligtber_ = Lucifer. It occurs in the Ayenbite, p. 10:—"And verst we willeþ zigge of þe zenne of prede, vor þet wes þe verste zenne and þe aginninge of alle kueade, for prede brek verst velaȝrede and ordre, huanne _Liȝtbere_ the angel for his greate vayrhede and his greate wyt wolde by above þe oþre angeles and him wolde emni to God þet hine zo vayr an zuo guod hedde ymad." 272-276 And he became in himself proud, And with that pride upon him waxed envy That evilly influenced all his conduct; Then might he no lord tolerate, That should in any wise control him. P. 9. l. 275 _ðhauen_ = suffer, endure, tolerate. S.Saxon _ðafen_, _iðeuen_; O.E. _thave_. "Þe sexte bede þatt mann bitt Uppo þe Paterr Nossterr Þatt iss, þatt Godd ne þole nohht Ne _þafe_ laþe gastess. To winnenn oferrhand off uss Þurrh heore laþe wiless." The sixth petition that one prayeth in the Pater Noster is that God should not suffer nor permit loathsome spirits to gain the upperhand of us through their loathsome wiles. —(Orm. i. p. 188.) "& Hengest hine gon werien. & nalde it noht _iþeuen_ [þolie]." And Hengest gan him defend And would not suffer it. —(Laȝ. vol. ii. p. 215.) 276 _ðhinge_ = place, office, duty; it seems to be here used adverbially in the sense of "any wise," "at all." 276 _grauen_ is perhaps an error for _þrauen_, to compel, control. Cf. _gu_ for _ðu_, p. 11, ll. 365, 366, and _ðund_ for _gund_. If _grauen_ be the original reading then it is equivalent to _greven_. O.F. _grever_, Lat. _gravare_, to injure, grieve. 278 _Min sete norð on heuene maken._ "Sette," he (Lucifer) said, "mi sete I sal Gain him þat heist es of alle; In þe _north_ side it sal be sette, O me seruis sal he non gette."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 4b.) 282 _geuelic_ = _geuenlic_ = like. Cf. the A.S. _ge-efenlæcan_, to be like, to imitate. O.E. _euening_ = equal. "And ðeðen he sal cumen eft, and thence he shall come again, . . . . . . for to demen alle men, for to judge all men, oc nout _on-geuelike_. but not a-like."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 23.) "It (the law) fet ðe licham and te gost oc nowt o _geuelike_." It feedeth the body and the spirit but not alike. —(Ibid. p. 10.) 295 _ðis quead_ = this wicked one. In Early English writers we meet with several derivatives of this word, as _kueadliche_, wickedly, _kueadvol_, sinful. (See Ayenbite of Inwyt, p. 4, and extract in Note to l. 271, p. 125.) 301 _Euerilc ðhing haued [haueð] he geue name_, To everything hath he given name. 309-310 Yet I ween I know of a device, that shall bring them misfortune. P. 10. l. 314 _ðor buten hunte_, there without search, or hunting, without delay; _or_ thereabout to _hunt_ or search. 316 _bilirten_, to deprive of by treachery, to cheat a person out of a thing. "ða herodes gesægh for-ðon bisuicen [& _bilyrtet_] wæs from dryum, [& tungul cræftgum] urað wæs suiðe." (Matthew ii. 16, Northumbrian version.) "Listneð nu a wunder, ðat tis der doð for hunger: goð o felde to a furg, and falleð ðar-inne, in eried lond er in erð-chine, forto _bilirten_ fugeles." Listeneth now to a wonder, That this deer (fox) doth for hunger: Goeth a-field to a furrow, And falleth therein, In eared land or in earth-chink, For to deceive fowls. —(O.E. Miscell. p. 13, l. 403.) 318 _dreue_ = trouble, disturb. Cf. O.E. _drove_, to trouble, _droving_, tribulation. "Þa Herodes þæt gehyrde, þa wearð he _gedrefed_,[397] & eal Hierosolim-waru mid him."—Matt. ii. 3. "& for-þi þatt he sahh þatt ȝho Was _dræfedd_ of his spæche He toc to froffrenn hire anann."—(Orm. i. p. 74.) "And because that he saw that she was troubled at his word, he took to comfort her anon." Southern writers, by metathesis, formed from _dreuen_ (_dreue_) the vb. _deruen_ (_derue_), thereby confounding it with another vb. _deruen_ or _derue_, pret. _dorue_, p.p. _doruen_ (A.Sax. _deorfan_, pret. _dearf_, p.p. _dorfen_), to labour, perish, be in trouble. _Dreue_ is a transitive vb. of the weak conjugation, while _derue_ is intransitive and of the strong conjugation, nevertheless we find _derue_ (pret. _dorue_), taking the signification of _dreue_. "Stute nu earme steorue ant swic nuðe lanhure swikele swarte deouel, þ_a_t tu ne _derue_ me na mare."—(Seinte Marherete, p. 12.) "Stop now, poor stern one, and cease now at once, deceitful swart devil, that thou harm me no more." In Laȝamon we find not only pret. _drof_ = distressed, but _derfde_, and the p.p. _iderued_. In the Owl and Nightingale (ed. Wright), p. 40, we find the p.p. _idorve_ = troubled, injured. "Other thou bodest cualm of oreve (orve), Other that lond-folc wurth _i-dorve_." 322 _And senkede hire hure aldre bale_ = And poured out to her the bale of us all, _i. e._ gave her the cup of sorrow, of which we all drink; _senkede_ = _schenkede_, to pour out, to give to drink, to _skink_. See Orm. ii. 181. Laȝ. ii. 202, 431; Alys. 7581; Owl and Nightingale, p. 70. 324 _Quat oget nu ðat for-bode o-wold_ = What does now that prohibition signify? _i. e._ What is the meaning of the prohibition; _oget_ = has, possesses _o wold_ = _a wold_ = in force, in signification. Cp. _Quat-so his dremes owen a wold_ = What-soever his dreams do mean. In ll. 1671, 2122 _wold_ occurs as a noun = interpretation, meaning. The connection between the idea of _power_, and _meaning_, _interpretation_, is not, after all, so very remote. Do we not speak of the _force_ of a word, its _power_, _use_, etc., in an expression? See Ormulum, p. 56, l. 11815. 327 _for is fruit sired [sireð?] mannes mood_, = for its fruit enlighteneth (cleareth) man's mind. 330 _witent_ for _witen it_ = know it. 333 _on hire mod_ = in her mind. 339 _scroðt_ = _scroð_ = solicited; the pret. of _scriðe_. The original meaning of the verb is, (1) to go; (2) to cause to go, to urge; (3) to solicit. 341 _for to forðen is fendes wil_, for to further (do) his foe's will. "For up he rigteð him redi to deren, to deren er to ded maken if he it muge forðen."—(O.E. Miscell. pp. 5, 6.) 342 _At he ðat fruit, and dede unskil_, Ate he that fruit and committed sin. _unskil_, literally, signifies indiscretion, folly, and by an easy transition, sin, crime. (See Ormulum, vol. i. p. 12. Cf. O.E. _unskilwis_ = irrational.) P. 11. l. 345 _Vn-buxumhed_ = disobedience; but in line 346 it signifies weakness, _un-lithesomeness_. 347-8 _Vn-welde woren and in win Here owen limes hem wið-in._ Their own limbs within them Were powerless and in strife. _vnwelde_ = unwieldy = the S. Saxon _vniwælde_, heavy.—(Gower i. 312.) "——hise limes arn _unwelde_."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 3.) (_i. e._ weak with age); _in win_, in strife, conflict. "and wið al mankin he (the devil) haueð nið and _win_" (envy and strife). (O.E. Miscell. p. 8.) "ðis fis wuneð wið ðe se grund, and liueð ðer eure heil and sund, til it cumeð ðe time ðat storm stireð al ðe se, ðanne sumer and winter _winnen_ (strive)." (O.E. Miscell. pp. 16, 17.) "Þar aros wale and _win_." There arose slaughter and strife.—(Laȝ. i. 18.) 349 _flesses fremeðe and safte same boðen he felten on here lichame._ Lust of flesh, and shame of form both they felt in their bodies. _fremeðe_ seems connected with _fremen_ and _frame_. In the translation I have connected _fremeðe_ with O.E. _frim_, vigorous; but it may be another form of O.E. _frumðe_, beginning. Then the translation of l. 349 would be 'the beginning of flesh and shame of form.' 360 _ðu haues ðe sorges sigðhe waked._ Thou hast for thyself a sight of sorrow roused. _sigðhe_ = sight, but if it be an error for _siðhe_ it will signify adversity, mishap. 362 _ut luken_ = shut out. 363 _tilen ði mete[n]_ = earn thy food. _tilen_ (till), earn, procure. "Ne maig he _tilen_ him non fode." He is not able to procure food for himself. (O.E. Miscell. p. 3.) 364 _wid_ = _wið_, with. _swotes teres_ = tears of sweat, _i. e._ drops of sweat. We may, however, by spoiling the metre, read _swotes & teres_, for in O.E. writers _swot_ is frequently used in the singular and makes the plural _swotes_. 365, 366 _Til gu beas eft into erðe cumen_, Till thou art again into earth come. _beas_ = _be'st_ = art. The present has also a future signification. 369 _niðful_ = envious. "O _nyth_ þare springes mani bogh, Þat ledes man to mikel wogh, for _nithful_ man he luuves lest, Þe quilk he wat es dughtiest." —(Cursor Mundi, MS. Cott. Vesp. A iii. fol. 153b.) _loð an liðer_, loathsome and vile. 372 _And atter on is tunge cliuen_, And poison on his tongue shall cleave. 373 _san_ = _schand_, disgrace, shame. Did the scribe originally write _sam_ = shame? 377 _pilches_. This word answers to the "coats of skin" in our English version of the Scriptures. In modern English _pilch_ is merely the flannel swathe of an infant, but it formerly signified a fur garment. Cf. Ital. _pellicia_, _pelizza_, any kind of fur; also Fr. _pelisse_ (pelice), a furred garment. "Here kirtle, here _pilche_ of ermine, Here keuerchefs of silk, here smok o line, Al-togidere, with both fest, Sche to-rent binethen here brest."—(Seven Sages, 473.) P. 12. l. 384. _Cherubin hauet [haueð] ðe gates sperd_, Cherubim have the gates bolted (barred, fastened). 391 _swem_ = sorrow, grief. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. _swemande_. Legends of Holy Rood, pp. 135, 201. 392 _Of iwel and dead hem stondeð greim_ Of evil and death they stand in awe. A similar phrase occurs in l. 432, p. 13. The phrase _stande awe_ is not uncommon in O.E. writers. "Than sal be herd the blast of bem, The demster sal com to dem, That al thing of _standes awe_." (_i. e._ stands _in_ awe of.) —(Met. Hom. p. xii.) "For Crist com sal be sa bright Þat thoru þat mikel lauerd might Him sal of _stand sa mikel au_, Þat alle þe filthes of his maugh Sal brist ute at his hindwin, For dred he sal haf of drightin." —(Antichrist and the Signs of the Doom, in _Jahrbuch für Romanische und Englische Literatur_, 1863, p. 203, l. 408.) "Thereof ne _stod him non owe_."—(Seven Sages, 1887.) See Havelok the Dane, p. 9, l. 277. 393 _on sundri_ = _asunder_ = apart, separate. 398 _And leded_ (ledeð) _samen gunker lif_. And lead (pass) together your (two) lives. _leded_ = _ledeð_, is a verb in the imperative mood; _gunker_, the A.S. _incer_ (_dual_) = your two, of you two. Cf. _ȝunkerr baþre_ = of you both.—(Orm. i. 214.) 408 _And sumdel quemeð it his seri mood_ And somewhat it cheereth his sorry mood. 411 _More for erneste dan [ðan] for gamen_, More for necessity than for pleasure. P. 13. l. 417 _al swilc sel_ = all such time. 420 _ðan he was of is broðer wold_, When he was by his brother killed. 421, 422 _An hundred ger after is dead, Adam fro eue in srifte abead._ A hundred years after his death, Adam from Eve in shrift (penance) abode. (_i. e._ on account of the death of Abel.) "A hundred winter of his liue fra þan forbar Adam his wiue, for soru of Abel þat was slayn."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 8.) See Legends of the Holy Rood, pp. 20, 21. 431 _and wurð ut-lage_ = and became an outlaw. 432 _wið dead him stood hinke and age._ Of death he stood _in_ dread and fear. _hinke_ = _inke_, doubt, dread. See note on l. 392. 436 _ðeft and reflac ðhugte him no same_, theft and robbery appeared to him no shame. _Reflac_ = robbery with violence, rapine. (See Laȝ. i. 172, 272, 424; ii. 526.) "Þe first sin is o covatise Þat revis mani man þair praise, O þis cumes blindnes and tresun, _Reuelaic_, theft, extorsiun." —(The Seven Deadly Sins: _Cursor Mundi_, _Cott. MS. Vesp. A_ iii.) 438 _stonden agon_ = withstand, oppose. Cf. O.E. _again-stande_, to oppose. 439 _Met of corn, and wigte of fe_, Measure of corn, and weight of goods. The only objection against explaining _fe_ by goods or money is that in the poem it signifies cattle, the proper term for goods, etc., being _agte_. In Laȝamon _fe_, however, has the meaning of goods, money. 440 _And merke of felde, first fond he_, And he first devised division (boundary) of fields (lands). 444 _at ðe sexte kne_ = at the sixth degree. _Kne_ in this sense is used by Robert of Gloucester, p. 228:—"He come of Woden þe olde louerd, as in teþe kne" (_i. e._ tenth generation). 450 _On engleis tale_ = in English speech. P. 14. l. 451 _kire_, modesty, purity. See Laȝ. l. 8077. K. Horn, l. 1446. 456 _He was hirde wittere and wal._ He was herdsman wise and experienced (skilful). See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. _wale_. 457-8 _Of merke, and kinde, and helde, & ble, sundring and sameni[n]g tagte he._ He taught of (concerning) the character, breed, age, colour [of cattle], the keeping them asunder, and the matching them together. _merke_ refers, perhaps, to the _form_, _shape_, etc., of the cattle, and _kinde_ to their _pedigree_. 459 _glew_, music, still exists in glee, _gleeman_, etc., O.E. _gleowinge_ = singing. _gleu_, to amuse by singing. "Bi a piler was he þar sett To _gleu_ þaa gomes at þair mete."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 40b.) Cf. _gleo_, music.—(Laȝ. i. 298.) _gleo-cræften_ = glee-crafts, arts of music.—(Ibid. i. 299.) _gleo-dreme_ = glee-sound.—(Ibid. i. 77.) _gleowen_, _gleowien_, to chant, play.—(Ibid. ii. 382, 429.) 466 _a sellic smið_, a wonderful (rare) smith. 468 _To sundren and mengen_ = to separate (the ore from the dross) and to mix (alloy). 469 _Wopen of wigte and tol of grið_ = weapon of war and tool of peace. _wigte_ = _wig_ = war. _Wigte_ may signify sharpness; it usually = strong, brave. 470 _wel cuðe egte and safgte wið._ This line seems to be very corrupt and to stand in need of some emendation. I would propose to read as follows:— _wel cuðe he fegte and sagte wið_ = well could he _fight_ [_i. e._ with the _wopen_ of _wigte_] and _heal_ with [the _tol_ of _grið_]. If this interpretation be right _tol of grið_ would refer to some curative agents. 472 _wurð bisne_, became blind. "Þis Lamech was called Lamech þe blind, Caym he slogh wit chaunce we find."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 10.) 475 _Al-so he mistagte, also he schet,_ As he mistaught, so he shot. 477 _wende_ = _weened_, thought. 480-481 Cain unwarned, received it (the arrow), groaned, and stretched (fell prostrate), and died with that (immediately). _unwarde_ may be an error for _unwarnde_ = unwarned, or for _unwared_ = A.S. _unwered_ = unprotected. 484 _dedes swog_ = death's swoon. _Swog_ = O.E. _swowe_, _swoughe_. "_Aswogh_ (in swoon) he fell adoun An his hynder arsoun (rise of the saddle), As man that was mate."—(Lybeaus Disconus, 1171.) The verb to _swoon_ occurs often in English under the form _swoghen_ (p.p. _yswowe_), "The king _swoghened_ for that wounde."—(Kyng Alys., 5857.) Cf. Laȝ. 130, "_he fel iswowen_;" i. 192, _stille he was iswoȝen_ (the later copy reads _iswoȝe_). 486 _Of his soule beð mikel hagt._ On his soul is much sorrow.—(See l. 2044, p. 59.) The literal signification seems to be thought, care. (See _Agte_ in l. 3384.) P. 15. l. 490 _or or_, etc. = first ere, etc. = first before, etc. _fen_ = mud, dirt. "Man here is nathyng elles Bot a foule slyme, wlatsom til men, And a sekful of stynkand _fen_." —(Hampole's P. of C., l. 566.) See R. of Gloucester, 6; Ps. (in Surtees' Psalter) xvii. 43. 492 _drinkilden_ = were drowned; _drinkil_ is a derivative of O.E. _drinke_, to drown, a softer form of which is _drenche_, which often signifies in O.E. a drink, potion (R. of Gl., p. 151; Ayenbite, p. 151, _deaþes drenche_), as well as to drink and to drown. See Laȝ. i. 64. "& att te lattste _drunncnenn_ þeȝȝ þa wrecchess, þat hemm trowwenn. And at the last drown they The wretches who them trow (believe)."—(Orm. ii. 181.) "The see him gon _adrynke_ That Rymenil may of-thinke."—(Kyng Horn, 978.) 494 he began holy custom Of prayers, and of god-fearing-ness, for life's help and soul's comfort (counsel). 500 _alied_ = _halihed_ = holiness; _toch_ = _toc_ = took. 501 _fro mannes mene_, from man's fellowship, society. The usual form of _mene_ in O.E. is _ymene_, _ymone_ = common, general. 503-510 From Hampole's Pricke of Conscience, pp. 122-126, we learn that both Enoch and Hely (Elijah) shall come before doomsday to turn the Jews from following Antichrist to the Christian law:—"For 1260 days, or three years, shall they continue to preach. Antichrist, in great wrath, shall put the two prophets to death in Jerusalem, where their bodies shall lie in the streets for three days and a half, after which they shall ascend to heaven in a cloud. After their death Antichrist shall only reign fifteen days, at the end of which time he shall be slain before the Mount of Olivet." Some "clerks" affirm that he shall be slain by St Michael in Babylon, "that great hill." (See "_Antichrist and the Signs before the Doom_," in Jahrbuch für Romanische und Englische Literatur, 1863.) 517 _Metodius_. In the "Polychronicon Ranulphi Higdeni," p. 23, ed. by Churchill Babington, 1865, amongst the "auctores names" we find mention made of "Methodius etiam martyr et episcopus, cui incarcerato revelavit angelus de mundi statu principio et fine." 518 _sighe sir_ = _sigðhe sir_ = _sheer insight_, clear fore-knowledge. P. 16. l. 525 _quat agte awold_ = what should happen. 526 _water wold_, destroyed by water. _wold_ may = _walled_, flooded, from _wallen_. 530 _hore-plage_, whore-play, whoredom. Cf. O.Sax. _hor-uuilo_; O.H.G. _huorgilust_. In O.E. _hore_ (not _w_hore) was an epithet applicable to men as well as women. It occasionally signifies adultery. It is found in combination as a qualifying term in _hore-cop_, _horesone_, a bastard; _hore-hous_, a brothel. The O.E. _horwed_, defiled, unclean; _horowe_, foul (Chaucer); _hori_, _ouri_, dirty; Provincial E. _horry_ (Devonshire), seem to belong to another family of words. 532 _Wimmen welten weres mester_ Women wielded a man's art.—(See Rom. i. 26.) See Allit. Poems, p. 46, ll. 269-272. 533 _And swilc woded wenten on_, And such madness (folly) went on. _woded_ = _wodhed_. Cf. _alied_ = _alihed_ = holiness (l. 500, p. 15). "Þe oþer ontreuþe þet comþ of prede is _wodhede_, me halt ane man _wod_ þet is out of his wytte, in huam skele is miswent."—(Ayenbite, p. 12.) 534 _Golhed hunkinde he gunnen don_, Unnatural lust they did commit. _Golnes_ = lust, lasciviousness, occurs in the Owl and Nightingale, l. 492. Ancren Riwle, p. 198. Ps. lxvii. 14. "Non lest (listen) on man do amys Thorȝ hys oȝene _gale_ (lust)."—(Shoreham, p. 107.) _hunkinde_ = _unkinde_, unlawful, unnatural. 536 _quad mester_, wicked craft (practices). See Allit. Poems, p. 46, ll. 265-268. _Quad_ takes several forms and meanings in O.E.; as _qued_, wicked (Kyng Alys., 5619; evil, 4237); the devil (R. of Gl., 314); _quead_, wickedness (Ayenbite, p. 4); _quathe_, _wothe_, _wathe_, evil, harm (Hampole's P. of C., 2102, 4558; Allit. Poems, B. 885). "De _quât_ deit, de schuwet gêrn dat licht."—(Reynard the Fox.) 537 _hun-wreste plage_, wicked lust; _hun-wreste_ = _unwreste_, weak, frail, and hence wicked. "Mærling _vnwærste_ [_onwreste_] man Whu hæuest þu me þus idon."—(Laȝ. ii. 228.) "Þenne þat hæfd (leader) is _unwræst_ [_onwrest_] Þe hæp (host) is þæ wurse."—(_Ibid._ vol. ii. 259.) "Thanne aȝte men here wyves love, Ase God doth holy cherche; And wyves nauȝt aȝens men Non _onwrestnesse_ werche, Ac tholye, And nauȝt _onwrest_ opsechen hy Ne tounge of hefede holye."—(Shoreham, p. 57.) See Orm. i. 168-9. A.Sax. Chron., 1052. Wright's Lyric Poems, 37. Kyng Alys., 878. Owl and Night., 178. 538 _A ðefis kinde_ = in thief's kind, in sodomy. _thief_ in O.E. was a general term of reproach. Perhaps in _ðefis_ we have an allusion to _Cain_. 542 _And leten godes frigti-hed_ And forsook the fear of God. 544 _And mengten wið waried kin_ And intermixed with accursed kin. 545 _Of hem woren ðe getenes boren_ Of them were the giants born. —(See Genesis vi. 4.) 546 _Migti men, and figti, for-loren_ = _Migti men, figti and forloren_, Mighty men, warlike and forlorn (doomed). 548 _litel tale_, little account (worth). 553 _blissen_ = _lessen_ = _be-lessen_ (?) or _bi_ + _leschen_, to soften. Cf. _blinnen_ and _linnen_ = to cease. See ll. 3653, 3803. 554 _ðat it ne wexe at more hun-frame_ lest it should grow to greater evil. _hun-frame_ = _unframe_, loss, disadvantage. 556 _deres kin_ = animals. P. 17. l. 560 _grið_, protection, safety. "he wuneden (dwelt) seoððen (afterwards) here inne _griðe_ and inne friðe (peace)."—(Laȝ. ii. 50.) "Lauerd, lauerd, ȝef (give) me _grið_."—(Ibid. iii. 35.) Cf. _greth_, quarter (Sir Cleges, 292). _grith-bruch_, breach of the peace (Owl and Nightingale, 1043). _grith-sergeant_ (Havelok, 267). 561 _feteles_, a vessel, a _fat_ or _vat_. "þe firrste _fetless_ wass Brerdfull off waterr filledd."—(Orm. ii. 148.) "Sex _feteles_ of stan war thar stan[d]and, Als than was cumand in the land And Crist bad thaim thir _feteles_ fille Wit water, and thai did son his wille." —(Met. Hom. p. 120.) 562 _set_, made, formed. _limed_, daubed, pitched. 564 _sperd_, _sparred_, barred. See Orm. D. 261; H. i. 142, ii. 68; Havelok, 448. _spere_ or _sparre_ signifies also to lock, shut up. _Chaucer_, Troilus and Creseide, v. 455; _Bone Florence_, 1774. _ðig_ = _ðic_, thick. 566 _ðor buten noe(.) long swing he dreg._ Thereabout Noah endured long toil. _swing_ = _swinc_, toil, labour. 568 _welken_, pass away, literally to fade, wither; and usually applied to plants and flowers. "It wites als gresse areli at dai, Areli blomes and fares awai; At euen doun es it brogt, Un-lastes, and _welkes_, and gas to noght."—(Ps. lxxxix. 6.) See Hampole's P. of C. l. 707. 576 _arche-wold_. See note to l. 255. 582 _gette_ or _get_, poured down. _gette_ is the preterite of _geten_ or _gete_. See l. 585. Cf. O.E. _yhete_ (_ȝete_); pret. _yhet_; p.p. _yhoten_ (_iȝote_). "_Yhet_ over þam þi wreth."—(Ps. lxviii. 25.) See Ps. xli. 5, lxxiii. 21. Percy's Reliq. vol. ii. 81. Cf. "a metal _geoter_," a metal caster, Kyng Alys. 6725. _out-yhetted_, poured out, Hampole's P. of C. 7119. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. _Gote_. 592 _moned_ = _moneð_ = month. P. 18. l. 598 _dragen_ by metrical license for _wið-dragen_, withdrawn. _ðe watres win_ = the water's force (strife). _Winne_ in O.E. has the signification of to fight, contend with, strive, and hence to get. Cf. O.E. _wunne_, victory; _wan_, contrivance, remedy. See l. 347. "Alle we atter dragen off ure eldere, ðe broken drigtinnes word ðurg ðe neddre; ðer-ðurg haueð mankin boðen nið and _win_."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 11.) 607 _est_ = east. Probably only an error for _eft_ = again. 614 _arche-wolde_. See note to l. 255. 617 _Rad_ = hasty, rash. Literally it signifies ready, and frequently occurs in O.E. writers with this meaning. Cf. O.E. _gerâd_, _rædlîce_, _rædliche_, _radely_, _radly_, promptly, quickly, suddenly. See l. 2481, and Owl and Nightingale, ll. 423, 1041, 1279; Laȝ. 25603; St Marh. p. 10; Avow. Arth. xix. 6. P. 19. l. 630 _tudered_ (see note to l. 164). 631-637 Often he prayed with timid prayer, That such vengeance as God then did Should no more on the world come, What vengeance so _ever_ there should be taken. God granted it in token of love, Showed him in the welkin above A rainbow, they call it, red and blue. _so_ after _swiulc_ is a true relative, as in the oldest period. 635 _gat_ = granted. It is the preterite of a verb _gate_, to grant. "Fourti dais he sal [tham] _yate_ Þat fallen ar ute o þair state Þoru foluing o þat fals prophet, Þat þai mai þam wit penance bete." —(_Antichrist_, in Jahrbuch für Romanische und Englische Literatur, 1863, p. 204, l. 428.) _gate_ or _yate_, pret. _yatte_, is the Northern form of the word, the corresponding southern term is _ȝete_, pret. _ȝette_. "& ȝho ne wass nohht tær onnȝæn, Acc _ȝatte_ hemm hĕre wille & _ȝatte_ þatt ȝho wollde ben Rihht laȝhelike fesstnedd Wiþþ macche, swa summ i þat ald Wass laȝhe to ben fesstnedd."—(Orm. i. 80.) "& þe king him _ȝette_ swa Hengist hit wolde."—(Laȝ. ii. 172.) "& þe king him _ȝette_ al þat he ȝirnde."—(Laȝ. i. 189.) See Seinte Marherete, p. 18. Allit. Poems, p. 17, l. 557. _a_ = _an_ = in. 637 _men cleped_ = one calleth it; _cleped_ = _clepet_ = _clepe_ + _et_; _et_ = it. We have a similar construction in l. 1082: "for al ðat nigt he sogten ðor ðe dure, and _fundend_ neuere mor." _fundend_ = _funden_ + _ed_ = _founden_ + _et_ = found it. The author of the poem constantly joins the pronoun _et_ = _it_ to the preterite of weak verbs. See line 479, where _letet_ = let it. 590 _stodet_ = _stod it_ = it stood. 1654 _kiddit_ = _kidd it_ = showed it. As the plurals of the present indicative do not end in _-eþ_ or _-et_ in the poem, but in _-en_ (_-n_), _cleped_ may be an error for _clepeð_ or _clepeth_ = calls, and _men_ = O.E. _me_ = one. See line 750. 643-644 And as high the flame shall go, As the flood flowed on the downs (hill). _lowe_, a northern term (of Norse origin) for flame, the southern form (of A.Sax. origin) is _leie_. Religious Songs in Old Eng. Miscell., pp. 67, 182. "Of his neose-þurles cumeð þe rede _leie_." See also Legend of St Brandan, 512. "Þair throtes sal ay be filled omang Of alle thyng þat es bitter and strang, Of _lowe_ and reke with stormes melled, Of pyk and brunstane togyder welled." —(Hampole's P. of. C., l. 9431.) 653 _vten_ = _wið-vten_, without, besides. See l. 656. Cf. l. 596, with l. 598. 655 _bi tale_, in number. P. 20. l. 676 _gan ille wune_, began wicked practices. 678 _muni[gin]g_ = remembrance. 692 _fendes fleiðing_, fiends' strife. Probably _fleiðing_ = _flitting_, contention, strife. The phrase _fendes fleathe_ = ? _fendes fleiðing_, occurs in Shoreham's poems, p. 97. "ȝyf thou rewardest thyne eldrynges nauȝt A-lyve and eke a-dethe, That were wel besy to brynge the forthe, . . . . . . . . ȝyf thou hy gnaȝst and flagȝst eke, Ryȝt hys that _fendes fleathe_." P. 21. l. 713 _hicte_ = _higte_, was called, named. 724 _wol wel_ = _wel wel_ = very well, extremely well. Cf. the O.E. expressions _wel ald_, _wel lang_, etc., very old, very long, etc.; _wol wel_ corresponds exactly to the O.H.G. and M.H.G. _vil wol_; Mod. Ger. _sehr wohl_. See Erec. (ed. Haupt. 1839), 2017. 725 _Thare let hur, and ðeðen he nam_, Terah left Ur, and thence he went. _let_ (pret. of _lete_) = left; _nam_, literally took, and hence took the way, departed, went. See ll. 744, 745. 727 _burgt_, an error for _burg_. P. 22. l. 743 _for_, went. See l. 763. 748 _Of weledes fulsum and of blis_ Rich of (in) wealth and of (in) bliss. _weledes_ is an error for _welðes_; it may = _werldes_ = world's; _fulsum_ = rich, plenteous, bountiful, occurs in O.E. _fulsumhed_ (see l. 1548), _fulsumly_. 749 _ist_ = _is it_, is there. 751 Each thing dieth that therein is cast. 753 _ðus it is went_ = thus is it turned _or_ changed. 754 _brimfir_, if not an error for _brin-fire_ (burning fire; see l. 1164), signifies wild-fire, _i.e._ brimstone. Cf. A.Sax. _cwic-fyr_ = fire of brimstone. 763 _hunger bond_. We ought, perhaps, to read _hunger-bond_, corresponding to the German _hungersnoth_, famine, dearth. Cf. luue-bond, l. 2692, force of love. 764 _feger_ = _feyer_, far. 767 _to leten_ = to lose. P. 23. l. 787 _erdne_ = _ernde_, errand, prayer, petition, message. "Ih scal iu sagen imbot, gibot ther himilisgo Got, Ouh nist ther er gihorti so fronsig _arunti_."—(Otfried's Evangelienbuch.) _to god erdne beren_ = to intercede with God. _Ernde_ occurs in Lyric Poetry, p. 62, in the sense of to intercede. 792 _arsmetike_ = _arsmet[r]ike_ = arithmetic. 793 _He was hem lef, he woren him hold_, He was dear to them, they were true to him. 795 _sat_ = _schat_, treasure, still existing in _scot_, _shot_. 796 _vn-achteled_, unestimated, immense; from _achtel_, to estimate, reckon. See Stratmann, s.v. _ahtlien_. 801 _ðor he quilum her wisten wunen_, Where they formerly wished to dwell. P. 24. l. 813 _atteð_ = _hatteð_, is called. 827 _ðer het god abre ðat tagte lond_, etc. There God promised Abraham that promised land, etc. _tagte_ = _bitagte_, literally, assigned, appointed. 832 _giscinge of louerd-hed_ = desire of lordship, greed of dominion. _Giscinge_ = covetousness; the correct form is _gitsing_ (_ȝitsung_, _ȝittsung_), but _ȝissinge_ is found in Laȝ. ii. 227. Cp. _yssing_, O.E. Miscell. p. 38. _icinge_, Ayenbite, p. 16, and see Orm. i. 157. "Al his motinge (talk) was ful of _ȝitsinge_."—(Laȝ. i. 280.) 833 _Neg ilc burge hadde ise louereding_, Nigh each borough (city) had its lord. 834 _kumeling_ is literally a stranger, foreigner, but here signifies a king or ruler not of native blood, one of foreign extraction. See _Comeling_ in Prompt. Parv. p. 89. "For I am a _commelyng_ toward þe And pilgrym, als alle my faders was." —(Hampole's P. of C., 1385.) "Wande ein _chomelinch_ ih bin mit dir unde ellente also alle uatere mine."—(Wendb. Ps. xxxviii. 22.) P. 25. l. 842 _ferding stor_, a great army. See O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 189. 844 _gouel_, tribute, tax. Later writers use the word _gauel_ or _gouel_ in the sense of usury. See Ayenbite, p. 35; O.E. Miscell. p. 46. Cf. _gaueler_, usurer. Ayenbite, p. 35; Ps. cviii. 11. 847 _haued_ = _haueð_, hath. 848 _here-gonge_, invasion. "For ich am witi ful iwis, And wot (knoweth) al that to cumen is: Ich wot of hunger [and] of _hergonge_." —(Owl and Nightingale, l. 1189.) 851 _fowre on-seken and fifue weren_ = four attack and five defend. _on-seken_ = attack. "heo wenden to beon sikere. They weened to be secure þeo Belin heom _on-sohte_." when Belin attacked them. —(Laȝ. i. 241.) 864 _witter of figt_ = skilled in fighting. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. _wyter_, and Laȝ. i. 260, 409; ii. 247. 866 _Abram let him tunde wel_, Abram caused himself to be well surrounded (well guarded). 869 _wenden_, thought. 875 _wið-ðuten [= wiðð-uten] ðo ðe cuden flen_ = except those who could flee. P. 26. l. 882 _bat_ = _bad_ = _bead_ = literally offered, and hence restored. _bat_ = _bette_ occurs in Legends of Holy Rood for _amended_, restored, p. 210, l. 6. 886 _Borwen_, delivered, rescued, the p.p. of _bergen_ (O.E. _berȝe_, _berwen_). "Þis boc is ymad vor lewede men vor vader and vor moder and vor oþer ken Ham vor to _berȝe_ vram alle manyere zen þet in hare inwytte ne bleve no voul wen." —(Ayenbite, p. 211.) "And huo þat agelt ine enie of þe ilke hestes him ssel þer-of vor-þench, and him ssrive, and bidde God merci yef he wyle by _yborȝe_."—(Ibid. p. 1.) Orm uses _berrȝhenn_, to save, preserve, from which he forms the derivative _berrhless_, salvation. 888 _feres wale_, brave companions (allies). _Wale_ signifies select, choice, worthy, and hence brave. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. _Wale_. 893 _He froðer[ed]e him after is swinc._ He comforted him after his toil. Herbert Coleridge (Gloss. Index, p. 33) connects _froðere_ with the A.Sax. _frofrian_, to comfort. Of course there is nothing to be said against the interchange of _f_ and _th_ (cf. _afurst_, thirsty; _afyngred_, hungry, etc.); but the A.S. _freoðian_, to protect, render secure, is nearer in form, and there is the O.E. _vreþie_ (Ayenbite) to prove that this verb had not gone out of use. 895 _ðe tigðe del_ = the tenth part. _tigðe_ = _tithe_ = tenth. 898 _bargt_ = _barg_ (the pret. of _bergen_) preserved. 910 _wið-uten man_ = except the men. The rhyme seems to require us to read _nam_; the meaning would then be "without exception _or_ reserve." 911 _Alle hes hadde wið migte bi-geten._ He had them all with might begotten (obtained). _hes_ = _he_ + _es_ = he + them. The combination _hes_ occurs again in l. 943. _es_ or _is_ = them, as in l. 949. See Note to l. 135, and Preface to O.E. Miscell. p. xv, and O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. xii. P. 27. l. 913 _meðelike wel_, with great moderation, very meetly. Cf. _unmeaðeliche_ in Seinte Marherete, p. 10. _meðeliche_ in O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 7. _meðleas_, Ancren Riwle, p. 96. 918 _algen_ = _halgen_ = hallow. 920 _bi-told_ (rescued) should be the pret. of a vb. _bitellen_, but no such word occurs in the poem. See O.E. Hom. 1st S. p. 205. Owl and Night. l. 263. Laȝamon uses _bi-tellen_, to win. "Ac wih him we scullen ure freoscipe (freedom) mid fehte _bitellen_."—(Vol. i. p. 328.) "Bi-ðencheð eow ohte (bold) cnihtes to _bi-tellen_ eoweore rihtes."—(i. 337.) The editor explains _bitellen_ by to _win_, but _regain_ would suit the context. "Nu þu hauest Brutlond, Al _bi-tald_ to þire hond."—(Vol. ii. p. 335.) "Nu ich mi lond habben _bi-tald_."—(Vol. iii. p. 258.) 924 _Quo-so his alt him bi-agt_ = Whoso them (goods) holdeth, him it behoveth (yield as tithes). _His_ = _is_ = _es_, them. 927 _gulden wel_, requited well. 934 _Of ðe-self sal ðin erward ten_, Of thyself shall thine heir come. _erward_ = _eruweard_, heir. 939 _nam god kep_ = took good heed to, attended carefully to. _kep_ = care. See R. of Gl. 177, 191. Owl and Night. l. 1226. Hampole's P. of C. ll. 381, 597. 941 _Euerilc_, each, every one. _euerilc_ is the same as the O.E. _euerich_, Mod. Eng. _every_. 943 _Vndelt hes leide quor-so hes tok_, Undivided he laid them where-so he took (brought) them. This line refers to the "_duue and a turtul_," in the following line. See Genesis xv. 10. 945 _on-rum_ the same as _a-rum_, apart, aside. "Tho Alisaundre sygh this, _Aroum_ anon he drow, ywis, And suththe he renneth to his muthe (army)." —(Kyng Alys., 1637.) 946 _And of ðo doles kep he nam._ And of the pieces care he took. P. 28. l. 949 _kagte is wei_, drove them away. _kagte_ is the pret. of _kache_, to drive. "And he ansuered als he war medde, And said, Allas and wailewaye. That ever I com at yon abbaye, For in na chaffar may I winne Of tha lurdanes that won tharinne For likes nan of thaim my play, Bot alle thar _kache_ me away."—(Met. Hom. p. 151.) 953-954 God said to him in true dream, the _future_ condition of his seed. _beren-tem_ = _barn-teem_, offspring, descendants. "We are alle a (one) man _barn-teme_."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 27b.) 956 _And uten erdes sorge sen._ And in foreign lands sorrow see (experience). Cp. "_Outen_ sones to me lighed þai, _Outen_ sones elded er þai."—(Ps. xvii. 46.) "Filii alieni mentiti sunt mihi, filii alieni inveteraverunt." Cf. _uten stede_, l. 1741. O.E. _utenlande_, a foreigner. Havelok, l. 2153. 958 _Hor_ = _or_, before. 960 _ðat hotene lond_, that promised land. 964 _untuderi_, barren. The usual O.E. term is _unberand_, unbearing. See O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 177. 965 _abre_ = to Abram. 969-971 And Sarai would not suffer it, that Hagar were thus swollen (with pride). She held her hard in thrall's wise (treated her as a slave). 974 _one and sori_, solitary and sad. 975 _wil and weri_, lonely and weary. _Wil_ literally signifies astray, _wild_, from the verb _wille_, to go astray. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. _Wyl_. "He is hirde, we ben sep; Silden he us wille, If we heren to his word ðat we ne gon nowor _wille_."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 2.) "And child Jesus _willed_ them fra."—(Met. Hom. p. 108.) 977 _wiste hire drogen sori for ðrist._ Knew her to be suffering sorely for thirst. _drogen_ may be an error for _drogende_ = suffering. _sori_ as an adjective is not sorrowful, as most editors interpret the word, but heavy, painful, and hence anxious, etc. See l. 974. "Quen thai him (Jesus) missed, thai him soht Imang thair kith and fand him noht, And forthi Joseph and Mari War for him sorful and _sari_."—(Met. Hom. 108.) 978 _quemede hire list_, satisfied her desire. P. 29. l. 984 _folc frigti_, formidable folk, _frigti_ does not here signify, as in other parts of the poem, _afraid_, but _to be feared_. 991 _in sunder run_, secret speech or secret communing, private conversation. See O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 29. 1010 _ðe ton_ = the one. _ton_ = that one the first; _toðer_ = that other, the second. P. 30. l. 1019 _quamede_ = _quemede_, pleased. 1021-1024 Quoth this one, "this time next year, Shall I appear to thee here; By that time shall bliss befall Sarah, That she shall of a son conceive." 1026 _And it hire ðogte a selli ðhing_, And it appeared to her a marvellous thing. 1028 _on wane_, wanting one, _i.e._ one less. "In þis burh was wuniende a meiden swiðe ȝung of ȝeres, _two wone_ of twenti."—(St. Kath. 69.) 1032 _And it wurð soð binnen swilc sel_, And it became so (came to pass) within such time. 1035 _stelen_ = go away stealthily or secretly. 1036 _Ne min dede abraham helen_, Nor my deed from Abraham hide. 1037 _sinne dwale_ = complaint of sin (see l. 1220); _dwale_ may be taken as an adj. = grievous, mischievous. 1038 _miries dale_, an error for _mirie dale_ = pleasant dale. See l. 1121. 1039-40 _ðo adde abram-is herte sor, for loth his newe wunede ðor_, Then had Abraham's heart grief, For Lot, his nephew, dwelt there. 1041-4 "Lord," quoth he, "how shalt thou do (this), if thou shalt take vengeance thereon; shalt thou not the righteous protect (spare), or for them (for their sake) to the others mercy bear (show)?" _með beren_ = to bear mercy, to show mercy to. See ll. 1046, 1242. 1046 _Ic sal meðen ðe stede for ðo_, I shall have mercy upon the place for those (for their sake). _Meðen_ signifies to use gently, act with moderation towards any one, to compassionate, to show mercy to. (See Allit. Poems, p. 45, l. 247; p. 51, l. 436; p. 54, l. 565; O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 153.) 1049 _at-wot_, departed. There is no such verb as _æt-wítan_, to depart, in Bosworth's A.Sax. Dict. The only meaning given to _atwiten_ by Stratmann is to reproach, twit. _At-wot_ may be a blunder for _at-wond_, departed. See l. 3058. Laȝ. l. 87. We have the O.E. _at-flegen_, _at-gon_, _at-scape_, etc. The simple verb _wite_ is not uncommon in Early English authors. "The first dai sal al the se Boln and ris, and heyer be Than ani fel of al the land, . . . . . . . . . And als mikel the tother day Sal it sattel and _wit_ away."—(Met. Hom., p. 25.) "When this was sayd, scho _wyte_ away."—(_Ibid._, p. 169.) 1054 _quake_ is evidently an error for _quate_ = _wait_, look for. P. 31. l. 1055 _He ros, and lutte, and scroð him_ [hem?] _wel._ He rose, and bowed, and urged (invited) them well. 1060 _He wisten him bergen fro ðe dead._ They wished to preserve him from death. _bergen_ is literally to preserve, but it may be here used passively, as the infinitive often is by O.E. writers, and we must then render the line as follows:—"They wished him to be preserved from death." 1062 _And he him gulden it euerilc del._ And they him requited it every whit. 1063 _Oc al ðat burgt folc ðat helde was on._ But all that townsfolk that were old enough. 1073 _ðat folc vn-seli, sinne wod._ That wretched folk, mad with sin. 1076 _wreche and letting_ = vengeance and failure. 1079 _Wil siðen cam on euerilc on._ Blindness _or_ bewilderment afterwards came on every one. 1082 _fundend_ = _funden_ + _id_ = _funden_ + _it_ = found it. 1084 _don red_ = do (obey) counsel, i.e. take advice. P. 32. l. 1095 _in sel_ = in time, timely, opportunely. 1097 _ðat here non wente agen._ That none of them should turn back. 1101 _gunde under dun_, under yond hill. 1103 _sren_, if correct, might signify _screen_, but it seems to be an error for _fren_, to set free, and hence to save. 1105 _Ai was borgen bala-segor._ Aye was saved Bela Zoar (little Bela). See Gen. xiv. 2; xix. 20, 22. 1107 _hine_ = him, the name of the town being regarded as of the masculine gender. 1108 _erðe-dine_ = earthquake. "Á hundyr á thowsand and seẅyntene yhere Frá þe byrth of our Lord dere, _Erddyn_ gret in Ytaly And hugsum fell all suddanly, And fourty dayis frá þine lestand."—(Wyntown, p. i. 289.) The verb _dinne_ in O.E. has not only the sense of to _din_, but to shake, quake. See Seinte Marherete, p. 20. "Þe erth quok and _dind_ again." —(Cursor Mundi; Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii. fol. 11b.) 1109 _Sone so_, as soon as. 1110 _brend-fier-rein_, rain of burning fire. 1116 _Ne mai non dain wassen ðor-on_, None may dare to wash therein. _dain_, if not an error for _darin_ = _daren_, dare, venture, may = _ðain_, a man, a servant, or = _duen_, avail. 1119 _wente hire a-gon_, turned her aback. See l. 1097. 1120 _wente in to a ston_, turned into a stone. 1121 _So ist nu forwent mirie dale_, So is there now changed merry (pleasant) dale. _ist_ = _is_ + _it_, _is it_, there is. 1125 _deades driuen_, held (influenced) of (by) death. P. 33. l. 1127 They say the trees that are near it, come to maturity in time, and bring forth fruit and thrive, but when their apples are ripe, fire-ashes one may see therein. _fier-isles_, fire-ashes. For the meaning of _isle_, see Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. _Vsle_. 1131-2 That land is called dale of salt, many a one taketh thereof little heed (account). "Of thair schepe thai gif na _tale_, Whether thai be seke or hale."—(MS. Harl. 4196, fol. 92.) 1137 _biggede_, dwelt. It signifies more properly to _build_. 1139-40 Here is an allusion to the destruction of the world by fire mentioned in lines 640-644, p. 19. Those maidens erewhile heard some say that fire should all this world consume. 1140 _forsweðen_, to burn up entirely, from the O.E. _swethe_ or _swithe_, to burn, scorch. See Ancren Riwle, p. 306 (footnote). Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. _swythe_. 1142 _fieres wreche_, vengeance (plague) of fire. 1143-4 The Cursor Mundi says that Lot's daughters seeing only their father, thought that all men had perished. "Bot Loth him held þat cave wit-in, He and his doghtres tuin; For þai nan bot þair fadre sau, Þai wend alle men war don odau, Thoru þat ilk waful wrak; Þe elder to þe yonger spak: 'Sister to þe in dern I sai, Þou seis þe folk er alle awai; Bot Loth our fader es carman (male) nan, Bot we twa left es na womman; I think mankind sal perist be, Bot it be stord wit me and þe.'"—(fol. 18.) 1147 _vnder-gon_, (1) to go under, (2) to cheat, deceive. In line 1160 _under-gon_ = to undertake, take up again. Cp. "ȝet our by-leave wole _onder-gon_, That thyse thre (Persons of the Trinity) beth ryȝt al on." —(Shoreham, p. 142.) "Ope the heȝe eȝtynde day He _onder-ȝede_ the Gywen lay."—(Ibid. p. 122.) "And tus adam he [Christ] _under-gede_, reisede him up, and al mankin, ðat was fallen to helle dim."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 22.) 1151 _eiðer here_, each of them. Cf. O.E. _eiðer eȝe_, each eye, both eyes. 1159-60 Now behoveth us to turn back and take up _the_ song concerning Abraham. 1162 _Wið reuli lote and frigti mod._ With mournful cheer and frightened mood (mind). _reuli_ = sad, rueful, from the verb _rue_, to pity, compassionate, grieve for. Cf. O.E. _rueness_, compassion; _Ruer_, a merciful person; _reuthe_, pity. "He saith 'we ben ybore euerichone Making sorwe and _reuly_ mone.'"—(MS. Addit. 11305.) _lote_, fare, cheer. "Þis isah þe leodking grimme heore _lates_." The king saw this, their grim gestures. —(Laȝ. ii., 245.) "Þat freond sæiðe to freonde, mid fæire _loten_ hende, 'Leofue freond, wæs hail!'" That friend saieth to his friend With fair comely looks, "Dear friend, wassail!" —(_Ibid._ ii., 175.) P. 34. l. 1163 _Roke_, East Anglian for _reke_, smoke. See Prompt. Parv. p. 436; Beve's, l. 2471. 1164 _And ðe brinfires stinken smoke_, And the sulphur's stinking smoke. _stinken_ = _stinkende_, stinking. 1166 _him reu_. The verb _rewe_ is used impersonally in O.E. 1167 _suðen_ = southwards. (See Gen. xx. 1.) 1171-2 Erewhile as first Pharaoh her took, now taketh Abimelech her also. 1177 _wif-kinnes_, womankind. 1178 _wið-helð_ = _wið-held_. 1179-80 In dream to him came tidings why he suffered and underwent that misfortune. 1180 _untiming_ is literally that which is unseasonable. We have the same notion expressed in O.E. _unhap_ (mishap), misfortune; E. _happen_, happy, and E. _hap_, _happen_, etc. Cp. _untime_, in Ancren Riwle, p. 344. 1184 _ðat il sel_, that same time, immediately. 1186 _And his yuel sort was ouer-gon_, And his evil lot was passed. 1188 _ða ðe swinacie gan him nunmor deren_, When the quinsy did him no more vex (annoy). Our author or his transcriber is certainly wrong about the "_swinacie_;" for the punishment of "_lecher-craft_" was _meselry_ (leprosy), the quinsy being the penalty for _gluttony_. The seven deadly sins were thus to be punished in Purgatory:— 1. Pride, by a daily fever. 2. Covetousness, " the dropsy. 3. Sloth, " the gout. 4. Envy, " boils, ulcers, and blains. 5. Wrath, " the palsy. 6. Gluttony, " the quinsy. 7. Lechery, " meselry or leprosy. 1192 _ðat faire blod_, that fair woman. _blod_ in O.E. was used as a term of the common gender, as also were such words as _girl_, _maid_, etc. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. _blod_. 1193 _Bad hire ðor hir wið heuod ben hid_ = _Bad hire ðor-wið hir heuod ben hid_? Bad her there-with her head to be hid, (That is, she was to buy a veil for her head). 1194 _timing_, good-fortune, happiness. See note to line 1180. 1195 _bi-sewen_, be seen. _so_ in this line seems an unnecessary addition of the scribe's. 1197 _wurd_ = _wurð_, became; _on elde wac_, in age weak (feeble). _Woc_ = weak; the older form is _wac_. See Laȝ. ii. 24, 195, 411. "Forr icc amm i me sellfenn _wac_, & full off unntrummnesse."—(Orm. ii. 285.) "Vor nout makeð hire _woc_ but sunne one." For nought maketh hir weak but sin only. —(Ancren Riwle, p. 4.) See O.E. Miscell. p. 135; ll. 581, 595. 1198 _trimede_ is, perhaps, for _timede_ = _teemed_ = brought forth; if not it must be referred to O.E. _trumen_. See _trimen_ in l. 1024. P. 35. l. 1200 _a-buten schoren_ = about shorn, is merely the explanation of circumcized. "O thritte yeir fra he was born, was ysmael wen he was _schorn_."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 16b.) 1201 _lay_ is another form of _law_. Cf. O.E. _daye_ and _dawe_. 1204 _al swilk sel_, even at such time. 1206 _is told_, is reckoned. 1208 _fro teding don_, removed from his mother's care (?). _teding_ = _tending_ (?), nursing, care, not _teðing_ = _teething_. "_fro teding don_" in the Cursor Mundi is expressed by the phrase _spaned fra the pap_ = weaned from the breast. 1209 _Michel gestninge made abraham_, great feasting _or_ entertainment made Abraham. _gestninge_ (feasting) seems to be the same as the S.Saxon _gistninge_, a banquet. The original meaning is hospitality; O.E. _gesten_, to entertain a guest; S.Sax. _gistnen_, to lodge. See Ancren Riwle, p. 288_a_, 414. Laȝ. ii. 172. 1212 _And ysmael was him vn-swac_, And Ishmael was to him (Isaac) disagreeable. _vn-swac_, displeasing, distasteful. There is no such word as _un-swæc_ to be found in the A.Sax. glossaries, but we have _swæc_, savour, taste, from which I have deduced the meaning here given to _un-swac_. See Ancren Riwle, p. 48, where _spekung_ = _swekung_, and cp. _swæc_, stenc, and hrepung, in Ælfric's Hom. i. 138. 1213 _un-framen_, to annoy, from O.E. _frame_, to benefit, to profit. 1216 _Hir was ysmaeles anger loð_, To her was Ishmael's anger displeasing. 1217 _Ghe bi-mente hire to abraham_, She bemoaned her to Abraham. _bimente_ = pret. of _bimene_, to complain, lament. "_bimene_ we us, we hauen don wrong."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 25; see R. of Gloucester, p. 490.) 1220 _dwale_, complaint, grief. See l. 1037. "Be þu neuere to bold, to chiden agen oni scold, ne mid mani tales to chiden agen alle _dwales_." (O.E. Miscell., p. 127. See p. 126, l. 414.) 1221 _rapede_, hastened, hurried away. See Rich. Cœur de Lion, 2206. "The wretche stiward ne might nowt slape; Ac in the morewing he gan up _rape_."—(Seven Sages, l. 1620.) "The king saide, 'I ne have no _rape_ (I am in no hurry) For me lest yit ful wel slape.'"—(Ibid. l. 1631.) 1224 _In sumertid, In egest sel_, In summer time, in the highest time (the hottest season) of the year. Cp. 'in a _hyȝ_ seysoun.'—Allit. Poems, p. 2, l. 39. 1228 _hete gram_, fierce heat. 1229 _wexon ðrist_. The sense requires us to read _wex on ðrist_, with fatigue and heat thirst waxed on them. 1231 _Tid-like hem gan ðat water laken_, Soon did that water fail them. P. 36. l. 1238 _Bi al-so fer so a boge mai ten_, By as far as a bow may reach. 1239 _sik and sor_, sighing and sadness. 1241 _dede hire reed_, brought her help. 1242 _An angel meðede hire ðat ned_, An angel alleviated her distress. _hire_ is the dative of the personal pronoun. 1244 _seli timing_, a fortunate occurrence. See note to l. 1180. 1247 _nam fro ðan_, went from that place. _fro ðan_ = Sc. _fra thine_, from thence. 1252 _mikil and rif_, great (powerful) and wide-spread. 1254 In Arabia his kin dwell. 1258 _kungriche_ = _kineriche_, kingdom. Cf. _kungdom_ = _kunedon_ = kingdom, l. 1260. _kunglond_, _kunelond_ = _kinglond_, kingdom, l. 1262. _guglond_ = _kunglond_, kingdom, l. 1264. 1261-2 His ninth son was Tema, Wherefore is there a kingdom called Teman. 1264 _Het a guglond esten_ (eften ?) _fro ða_, Was called a kingdom afterwards from that time. _esten fro ða_ = eastwards from those _other kingdoms_. 1269 _siker pligt_, firm, sure pledge. P. 37. l. 1275 _feren pligt_, pledged fellows. 1279 _ðog [it] was nogt is kinde lond_, Nevertheless it was not his native land. 1280 _Richere he it leet ðan he it fond_, richer he left it than he found it. 1290 _On an hil ðor ic sal taunen ðe_, on a hill where I shall show thee. 1292 _ðat he bed him two_ [to ?], that he commanded him to go to. _two_, an error for _to_. See l. 3752. 1295-6 They say on that hill's side was made the temple of Solomon. 1295 _dune-is siðen_ = _dune-is siden_, down's (hill's) sides. 1299 _buxum o rigt_, rightly obedient. 1301 _sagt_, an error for _sag_ (saw). See l. 1334. P. 38. l. 1308 _ðo wurð ðe child witter and war_, Then became the child wise and wary. 1315-20 Wonderfully art thou in the world come, Wonderfully shalt thou be hence taken; Without long suffering and fight (struggle) God will thee take from world's night, And of thyself holocaust have, Thank Him that He would it crave (demand). 1317 _ðhrowing_ = _throe_, suffering, agony. "_ðrowwinge_ and pine."—(Orm. ii. 174.) "Vor soð wisdom is don euere soule-hele biuoren flesches hele: and hwon me ne mei nout boðe holden somed, cheosen er licomes hurt þen þuruh to stronge vondunges, soule _þrowunge_."—(Ancren Riwle, p. 372.) For true wisdom is ever to put soul-health before flesh-health, and when one may not hold both together, to choose rather bodily hurt than, through too strong trials, soul-agony (death). 1323 Supply _don_ after _wulde_. 1328 _nuge_ = _nog_, now. 1331 _frigti fagen_ may be either _frigti and fagen_, timid _and_ glad, or else _frigti-fagen_, timidly glad. 1332 _for ysaac bi-leaf un-slagen_, for Isaac remained unslain. 1333 _Bi-aften_, behind, abaft. "Tacc þær an shep _bafftenn_ þin bacc and offre itt forr þe wennchell."—(Orm. ii. 156.) 1336 _on ysaac stede_, instead of Isaac. P. 39. l. 1345 _Sarra was fagen in kindes wune_, Sarah was naturally glad. _in kindes wune_ = after the manner of kinde (nature); _kindes wune_ = kind-wise, kin-wise. 1365 _semeð_ is an error for _semes_, burdens, loads, or for _semed_, burdened, loaded. See l. 1368. _seme_ is properly a load for a pack-horse. "An hors is strengur than a mon, Ac for hit non i-wit ne kon, Hit berth on rugge grete _semes_, And draȝth bi-vore grete temes." —(Owl and Nightingale, ed. Wright, p. 27.) 1372 _min erdne ðu forðe selðhelike_, mine errand do thou perform, accomplish successfully. _forðe_ = _forðen_. See Orm. l. 1834; Ancren Riwle, p. 408; Laȝ. l. 31561. 1373 _lene_, grant, still exists in _lend_, _loan_, etc. 1375 _He bad hise bede on good sel_, He offered his prayer (in good time) opportunely. P. 40. l. 1379 _ilc on_ = each one. 1382 _Ne wor nogt so forð ðeuwe numen_, The custom had not been so forth (up to that time) practised. 1388 _bofte_ = _bi-ofte_, behoof; cf. O.E. _byefþe_, _bi-ofþe_. See l. 1408. 1390 _beges_ = bracelets, armlets, probably from A.Sax. _bugan_ (= _beogan_), to bow, to bend. The original meaning of _beg_ is crown. In Piers Ploughman 346, _beighe_ signifies a collar. In the Middle High German version of the Book of Genesis (ed. Diemer) it is stated that Eliezer, for love, gave Rebekah "Zwêne ôringe und zuêne arm-_pouge_ ûz alrôteme golde." 1391 _ghe_ seems to be an error for _he_. 1394 _kiddit_ = made it known, showed it. 1397 _good grið_ = good entertainment. 1398 _Him_ (the dative of the personal pronoun), for him. 1404 _Quilc selðe and welðhe him wel bi-cam_, What prosperity and wealth had well befallen him. 1409 _wið-ðan_, with-that, thereupon. 1410 _fagneden wel ðis sondere man_, welcomed well this messenger. _fagnen_ is literally to make _fain_ or glad, to welcome, entertain; _sondere man_. The proper form is _sondes-man_. Ancren Riwle, p. 190. Cf. _loder-man_ for _lodes-man_, l. 4110, p. 117; and _sander-bodes_, O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 89. P. 41. ll. 1411-12 When God hath it so ordained, As he sendeth so it shall be. 1417 _garen_, to prepare (to set out), to make _yare_, to get ready. 1419-20 For entreaty nor meed not would he there. Over one night delay no (any) more. _drechen_ is (1) to trouble, annoy, (2) to hinder, delay. (1) "Sir Pilates wife dame Porcula Tille hir Lord thus gan say— 'Deme ȝe noght Ihesus tille ne fra, Bot menske him that ȝe may I have bene _drechid_ with dremes swa, This ilk night als I lay.'" —(Gospel of Nichodemus, Harl. MS. 4196.) (2) "Quhen Claudius þe manhed kend Of þe Brettownys, he message send Tyl Arẅyragus, þan þe kyng Þat Brettayne had in governyng, For til amese all were and stryfe, And tak his dochtyr til his wyfe, And to Rowme þat Tribwte pay Wycht-owtyn _drychyng_ or delay."—(Wyntown, vol. i. p. 92.) In the Cursor Mundi we are told that _wanhope_ (despair) causes "Lathnes to kirc at sermon here _Dreching_ o scrift (delay of shrift)," etc.—(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii.) 1427 _Or or_ first ere, i.e. before. 1428 _morgen-giwe_ = _morgen-giue_, nuptial gift, the morning gift, the gift of the husband presented to the wife on the morning after marriage. See Ancren Riwle, p. 94. Hali Meid. p. 39. 1430 _godun dai_, good day. _godun_ = _godne_, the accusative of the adjective. "He let clipie þe saterday: Þe freres bifore him alle And bed alle _godne_ day."—(St Dunstan, l. 200.) 1434 _sondes fare_, the journey of the messenger (Eliezer). 1437 _on felde_ = the O.E. _afelde_. 1439 _Eððede_ = _eðede_, alleviated, is connected with the O.E. _eþe_ (_eað_), easy, and literally signifies softened. 1440 _Of faiger waspene_, of fair form; _waspene_ is evidently an error for _wasteme_ or _wastene_. "He seh þeos seli meiden marherete ... þe schimede ant schan al of wlite (face) ant of _wastum_ (form)."—(Seinte Marherete, p. 2.) "In þis burh was wuniende a meiden swiðe ȝung of ȝeres, two wone of twenti, feir ant freolich o wlite & o _westum_."—(St Kath. p. 69.) 1442 _Here samening_, their union, intercourse. 1444 _And sge ne bi-spac him neuere a del._ And she contradicted him never a whit. _bispeke_ in O.E. also signifies to threaten. See Castle of Love, l. 221. P. 42. l. 1448 _Abraham dede hem siðen sundri wunen_, Abraham assigned them afterwards sundry abodes. 1456 _Him bi-stoden wurlike and wel_, Mourned for (bewailed) him worthily and well. See ll. 716, 3857. _wurlike_ = _wurðlike_, worthily. 1461-4 Long it was ere she him child bare, And he entreated God, when he became aware of it (_i.e._ that Rebekah was barren), That he should fulfil that promise, That he to Abraham erewhile made. 1463 _fillen_, to fulfil, accomplish. See Orm. i. 91. _quede_, promise, saying, is the same as the O.E. _quede_, a bequest, _quide_, a saying, from _queðe_, to say, still existing in _quoth_. See Laȝ. i. 38, 43; ii. 151, 197, 613 ; iii. 3; Orm. ii. 321. 1467-8 At one burden she bore Two, who were to her akin of blood. _sibbe blod_ = O.H.G. _sippe-bluot_, blood relatives. Perhaps this line was inserted by the author on account of the popular belief at this time, that the birth of twins was an indication of unfaithfulness on the part of the woman to her husband. 1469-71 Also it seemed to her day and night, As (though) they wrought in fight (struggling, conflict), Which of them should first be born. 1470 "And the children struggled together within her."—(Gen. xxv. 22.) The following curious paraphrase of this passage occurs in the Cursor Mundi, fol. 20b:— "His wiif (Rebekah) þat lang had child forgane, Now sco bredes tua for ane, Tuinlinges þat hir thoght na gamen, Þat in hir womb oft faght samen. Swa hard wit-in hir wamb þai faght, Þat sco ne might rest dai ne naght; At pray to Godd ai was sco prest, To rede hir quat þat hir was best; Þat hir war best he wald hir rede. Hir liif was likest to þe ded (death). Strang weird was giuen to þam o were, Þat þai moght noght þair strif forbere Til þai had o þaim-seluen might To se quarfor þat þai suld fight. Fra biginning o þe werld O suilk a wer was never herd, Ne suilk a striif o childer tuin Þat lai þer moder wamb wit-in. Þair strut it was vn-stern stith, Wit wrathli wrestes aiþer writh. Bituix unborn a batel blind, Suilk an was ferli to find. He þat on þe right side lai Þe tother him wraisted oft awai; And he þat lay upon þe left, Þe tother oft his sted him reft." 1470 _and_ = _an_ = in; or else _figt_ must be an error for _fagt_ = fought; and _nigt_ = _nagt_. 1477 _Ghe_ is evidently an error for _ghet_ or _get_, yet. _liues_ = alive. Cf. _newes_, anew, etc. P. 43. l. 1484 _swete mel_, sweet meal (food), not sweet speech. "And Isaac loved Esau, because he did eat of his venison."—(Gen. xxv. 28.) 1487 _seð a mete_, sod a meat. "sod pottage."—(Gen. xxv. 29.) 1493 _mattilike weri_ = _mattilike and weri_, overcome (faint) and weary. _Mattilike_ is connected with the O.E. _mat_, _mote_, faint, half dead. See Allit. Poems, p. 12, l. 386. 1494 _Iacob wurð war he was gredi_, Jacob became aware that he (Esau) was hungry. —(See Gloss. s.v. _Gredi_.) 1495-6 "Brother," quoth he, "sell me those privileges Which are said to be the first (eldest) son's." 1499 _bliðelike_, quickly; _blithelike_ has often this sense in O.E. writers. 1501 _wurði wune_, a worthy (high, great) privilege. 1503 _offrende sel_, offering time. 1504 _Was wune ben scrid semelike and wel_, Was wont to be clothed seemly and well. 1506 _dede his ending_, came to his end (died). 1507 _heg tide_, hey (high) days. 1510 _twinne del_, two-fold. 1511-12 And when the father were (should be) buried, to have two portions of hereditary property. _ereward_ = _erfeward_, is properly the guardian, keeper of the _erfe_ or inheritance, and hence the heir, so that instead of _ereward riche_ we ought to read _ereward-riche_, corresponding to the A.Sax. _yrfe-land_, hereditary land. The _-riche_ is the affix found in O.E. _heven-riche_, heaven kingdom; _kine-riche_, a kingdom; E. _bishoprick_. The _-ward_ (in _ereward_) = _warder_, keeper, is found in O.E. _gate-ward_, _dore-ward_ (door-keeper), _bat-ward_ (boat-keeper); _hey-ward_ (farm-yard keeper); _sti-ward_ (steward, the officer who originally had care of the highways or _sties_?). P. 44. l. 1514 _then_, an error for _ten_, to go. 1515 _in wis_, in wise, so that; but may we not read _in-wis_ = _i-wis_, indeed, truly? See l. 2521. 1518 _Holden wurðelike_, esteemed honourably, held in honour, respect; _a_ may be for _and_, or for _aa_ = _aye_, ever. 1519-20 A hundred times as much waxed his honour, So may God prosper where he will. 1521 _Niðede ðat folk_ [ðat] _him fel wel_, That folk envied him because he prospered. 1522 And made him change his abode; _flitten_ is to remove, to _flit_. "O land he (Noe) had ful grette plenté, For him and for his sons thre; Mast to tilth he gave him þan, To _flitt_ þe breres he bigan; Sua lang wit _flitting_ he þam sloght, Þat wine-treis he þam wroght." —(Cursor Mundi, fol. 13.) 1524 _trewðe fest_, _troth-fast_, pledged by troth or plighted faith; _fest_ has usually the sense of confirming, pledging, in O.E. "Þis neu forward (covenant) was _festened_ þan." —(Cursor Mundi, fol. 23.) 1527-28 And age came upon Isaac, _He_ became sightless and weak of (with) age. _elde swac_ = _eldes wac_, weak of (with) age. 1531 _ðat_, what. 1535 _brogtes_, brought them. 1536 And she well knew the father's choice; _kire_ answers exactly to the later gloss, _wune_ = what is chosen, selected; S. Sax. _cure_, choice. "Þer stoden in þere temple ten þusend monnen þet wes þe bezste _cure_ Of al Brut-londe."—Laȝ. i. 345. 1537 And made exceedingly good, or very opportunely, that meat; _on sele_ = _on-sele_, good, literally timely, opportunely; S.Sax. _on sele_, safely. See note on l. 1542. "Cnihtes fuseð me mid leteð slæpen þene king And fare we _on sele_."—Laȝ. i. 32. sæ-men æfter fóron flód-wége folc wæs _on salum_. _The_ sea men after marched the flood way _the_ folk prospered (was in prosperity). —(Cædmon, 184, 13.) 1539 Clothed she Jacob and made him rough. 1542 _seles mel_, an error for _selie mel_, good (timely) meal? Cf. _miries dale_ for _mirie dale_, l. 1038, p. 30. See Laȝ. i. 75; ii. 173. "And þas word saide Brutus þe _sele_ (the good)."—Laȝ. i. 30. "haueð mi fader bi þære sæ Castel swiðe _sæle_."—(_Ibid._ ii. 14.) 1544 For he handled him and found him rough. 1545 When he knew him, opportunely he blessed him, faithfully and well. _on gode sel_, in good time, opportunely. See note to l. 1542. P. 45. ll. 1547-8 Heaven's dew and earth's fatness, Abundance of wine and oil. 1550 Supply _and_ after _migt_. 1565-6 Quoth Esau, "right is his name Called Jacob, to my disadvantage." 1569-70 Nevertheless, dear father, intreat I thee That thou give me some blessing. 1573 _erðes smere_, earth's fatness; _smere_ is properly _fat_, grease, butter. In the Orm. ii. 106 it is used in the sense of ointment. 1574 granted him blessing that was precious to him; _gere_ is evidently an error for _dere_, beloved, dear, precious. 1575-6 For Idumea, that rich land, Of pasture good, was in his hand. _lewse_, cf. O.E. _leswen_, to pasture; _lezzer_[398] (Shropshire), a pasture-land. (Wicliffe, 1 Kings xvi. 11; 1 Cor. ix. 7; Luke viii. 34.) "If ony man schal entre by me, he schal be saved; and he schal go yn, and schal go out, and he schal fynde _lesewis_." (Wicliffe, St John x. 9.) "Egipte aȝenst kynde of oþer londes haþ plenté of corn; he is bareyne of _lesue_, and whan he haþ plenté of _lesue_ it is bareyne of corn." (Trevisa's translation of Higden's Polychronicon, vol. 1, p. 131.) 1577-8 Quoth Esau, "_The time of_ mourning shall pass away, And _I_ shall take vengeance of (on) Jacob." 1577 _grot_ is a noun formed from the vb. to _grete_ (to weep, mourn), just as _wop_ is from _wepe_ (weep). It is the same as the O.E. _gret_, _grete_, cry, outcry. P. 46. ll. 1583-4 "Be thou there," quoth she, "till Esau Appeased be, who rages now." _Eðe-moðed_ (= _eðe-moded_) is literally easy-minded, humble, mild, and hence soft-mooded, appeased. S.Sax. _edmod_, _eadmodied_, _edmodie_. See Laȝ. ii. 554; Ancren Riwle, 246, 278. The insertion of _be_ is necessary to the metre as well as to the sense. 1588-9 Esau married _in order_ to annoy us When he allied (himself to kin of Canaan) and is so foolish. 1591-2 Wherefore he maketh him stubborn and strong, For he is mixed amongst that kin. 1594 _Ne bode ic no lengere werldes lif_, I could endure (abide) no longer world's life. 1605 _an soðe drem_, in true dream. 1606 _heuene bem_ = heaven-beam (?), the sun (?). 1610 _Lened_ = leaned; but the MS. also sanctions _leued_ = remained; _and [Jacob] wurð ut-suuen_, and Jacob became cast out of (aroused from) _his sleep_. 1615 _i_ = _ic_, I. It is common to find _i_ before _sal_, instead of the fuller _ic_. P. 47. l. 1620 _amongus_ = _amonges_ = amongst. 1621 _a-gen cumen_ = _agen-cumen_, return. 1623 _for muniging_ = for _a_ memorial. 1624 _And get on olige_ = and poured on oil; _olige_ = the O.E. _olie_, _elye_ = oil; _anelye_, to anoint. 1636 A well well-covered under a stone. 1638 _abiden_ (= abode) is the pret. pl. of _abide_. 1641 _sulden samen_ = should assemble. 1649 _Iacob wið hire wente ðat ston_, Jacob for her removed that stone. _wið_ in O.E. signifies in, for, against, etc. 1651-2 And he made known he was her aunt's son, And kissed her after kins-wise (as a relative). _mouies_ is properly a female relative; S.Sax. _mawe_, _moȝe_, _mowe_, and must be distinguished from _mæi_, _mey_, _may_, etc., a male relative. "Þis ȝet þuncheð me wurst þæt tu þe ane hauest ouergan þi feder ant ti moder, _meies_ ba ant _mehen_." (St Marherete, p. 16.) "Nu is afered of þe þi _mei_ and þi _mowe_; Alle heo wereð þe weden þat er weren þin owe."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 178.) We occasionally, as in this instance, meet with the word in a more limited sense. "Annd hire _meȝhe_ Elysabaeþ Wass gladd inoh & bliþe Off hire dere child Iohan, And lefliȝ ȝho himm fedd."—(Orm. i. 109.) "Has þou her," þai said, "ani man, Sun or dogter, mik or _mau_ To þe langand, or hei or lau."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 17.) We even find a confusion between the two terms, as in l. 1761, p. 51, and in the following passage: "Loth went and til his _maues_ (sons-in-law) spak." —(Cursor Mundi, fol. 17.) P. 48. ll. 1655-6 Laban welcomed him (Isaac's son travelled from afar) in friend's wise (friendly); _feren_ = S.Sax. _feorren_, afar, far, from a distance. (See Ancren Riwle, p. 70, l. 3888.) "The sonne, and monne, and many sterren By easte aryseth swythe _ferren_."—(Shoreham, p. 137.) 1658 _and laban herte ranc_ = and Laban's heart was wrung (with pity)? for _ranc_ read _wranc_ = _wrang_. 1666 _wað_ = _quað_, quoth, spoke. 1668 _wið skil_, in reason, reasonably. 1671 _Luue wel michil it agte a-wold_ Love so great it ought prevail. _agte awold_, have in power, prevail, avail. Cp. "Þerfore everyche Romayn overcomeþ oþer is overcome wiþ flaterynge and wiþ faire wordes; and ȝif wordes failleþ, ȝiftes schal hym _awelde_." (Trevisa's translation of Higden's Polychronicum, vol. i. p. 253.) 1676 _tog_ = _toc_ = took. 1681 _long wune is her driuen_, long custom is here held (practised). P. 49. l. 1693 _londes kire_, custom of the land (country). 1700 _caldes_, called them. Cf. _calde is_ in l. 1702. 1706 _ille bi-nam_, foully ravished. 1712 _charen_, to depart, literally to turn. 1713 _ðelde_ an error for _gelde_ = should requite. 1713-14 Unless Laban should reward better His service, and withhold (retain) him yet. 1715 _serue he scriðed_ = he entreated _him_ to serve. 1719-26 Covenant is made of all sheep, Jacob should take charge _of those_ of one colour, And if of those, spotted _ones_ came, Those should be taken for hire (wages). Sheep or goat, speckled, streaked, or gray, Are placed from Jacob far away; Nevertheless those of one colour Bore many unlike and dissimilar. P. 50. l. 1723 _haswed_ = _haswe_, "livid, a sad colour mixed with blue." It also signifies rugged, shaggy. 1726 _vn-like_ = unlike in colour. It may be, however, an error for _on-like_ = alike; _likeles_, unlike, dissimilar in form. 1729 _ðe sunder bles_, the diverse coloured ones. 1736 To be under him longer is displeasing to him. 1740 _clipping time_, shearing time. See Allit. Poems, A. 802. 1747 _for-olen_ = _for-holen_, secreted. P. 51. l. 1758 _ðus meðelike spac ðis em_, thus kindly (mildly) spake this uncle. 1761-2 My relative, my nephew, my fellow (companion) Thou oughtest not to do me such unlawfulness (wrong). _mog._ See note to l. 1651. 1763-4 I was afraid it might occur to thee To take thy daughters from me. 1765 _fro_ an error for _for_ (?). 1767 Theft I deny, that is my advice, That he be dead (put to death) with whom thou findest them (thy gods). 1768-9 _is_ = them. 1771 _yuel ist bi-togen_, evil is there accused = wrongfully has accusation been made, i. e. I am accused of a crime. _bitogen_, the p.p. of _biteon_, signifies also _befallen_. _bitogen_ may be an error for _bilogen_. 1772 My labour about thy property is drawn (taken up), i. e. I am troubled about thy property. 1774 And to me was thine honour dear; _wurðing_ = honour, respect, good opinion. 1775 _fend sule wit ben_, friends shall _we two be_. 1776 And troth plight (pledge) now _us two_ between. 1779 _glað_ = glad. 1782 Turned backward ere it was light. 1783 _of weie rad_, quickly away. _of liues_ = alive; _of kin_ = akin. 1784 Soon was he far from Laban separated. 1786 _Engel-wirð_ = _engel-wird_, a troop, multitude of angels. "Þer wes Bruttene _weored_ baldeliche isomned."—(Laȝ. ii. 412.) 1787 _wopnede here_, a weaponed (armed) host. "_iwepned_ wel alle heo wenden to þan walle."—(Laȝ. i. 401.) "& sone anan se þiss wass seȝȝd Þurrh an off Godess enngless, A mikell _here_ off enngleþeod Wass cumenn ut of heoffne, & all þatt hirdeflocc hemm sahh & herrde whatt teȝȝ sungenn."—(Orm. i. 115.) "He comuth with so gret _here_ Wondur is the ground may heom beore."—(Kyng Alys., p. 91, l. 2101.) P. 52. l. 1797-8 And Jacob sent far before Him rich gifts, and sundry bearers. 1798 _loac_ = _lac_, _loc_, a gift, present. "ðe riche reoðeren & scheop & bule, hwa se mihte brohten to _lake_."—(St. Kath. 63.) "And bi þatt allterr wass þe _lac_ O fele wise ȝarkedd."—(Orm. i. 34.) "Alle hii nemen þat _lock_."—(Laȝ., later copy, ii. 320.) _boren_ = bearers. A.S. _bora_. 1804 The sinews sprang from the limb. _lið_ = member, limb. See Hampole's P. of C. 1917. 1805-6 Would they (Jacob's kin) no sinews thenceforth eat, His own kin will not forget that usage. 1808 Till the dawning up from the east burst. 1811 _leate_ = _lete_, relinquish. 1818 How shall any man be able to hurt thee? 1826 And honoured him as the first-born; _wurðe_ should be _wurð[ed]e_. 1828 _ðo rew him so_, then had he such compassion upon Jacob. P. 53. l. 1829 _trume_, host. (See Guy of Warwick, p. 291; Laȝ. iii. 73, 107.) "And he arayeth hare _trome_ As me (one) areyt men in fyȝt."—(Shoreham, p. 108.) Cp. _shel-ter_ = or _scheltron_ = _schild-trume_. 1833 Jacob was sorrowful that he forsook (refused) them (the presents). 1835 _hol and schir_ = whole and sound; _schir_ = sheer, pure, undefiled. 1837 _him to frame_ = for his own use. 1840 _tgelt_ = _tyelt_ = encamped. Cf. Ger. _zelt_; Eng. _tilt_. 1843 There King Emor sold him a _piece of_ ground. 1848 She departed leave-less (without permission) from that place. 1851 Her own counsel misled (ruined) her. We might read _for hire listede hire owen red_, for her own counsel pleased her. 1854 _And his burge-folc fellen in wi_, And his people (borough-folk) fell in war. _wi_ = _wig_ = war. Cf. Semi-Sax. _wiȝe_, battle, conflict. (Laȝ. i. 201; ii. 260; iii. 5.) _wi-ax_, _wi-eax_, a battle-axe. (Laȝ. i. 67, 96, 166, 286.) 1855 _bi-speken_, blamed. Cf. _bi-spac_, l. 1444, p. 41. P. 54. l. 1872 _Gol prenes_ = _golde prenes_ = gold brooches. _Prene_ is connected with O.E. _preonne_, to sew up. (See O.E. Miscell, p. 172, l. 68.) Sc. _prin_, a pin. 1873-4 Deep he them buried under an oak, No covetousness made him weak (disobedient) in heart. 1877-8 For Solomon shall find them, And his temple deck withal. 1887 _merke dede_, set up a mark (monument). P. 55. ll. 1901-2 Of Edom so it was named then, For it was before called Bozra. 1906 _deden un-red_ = committed sin; _unred_, want of wisdom, miscounsel, folly, wickedness. (See Owl and Nightingale, 161.) "For _unræd_ is swiðe ræh (rash)."—(Laȝ. i. 278.) 1910 _Brictest of waspene_ (_wasteme_), brightest of form; _witter wune_ = skillwise, skilful, of good abilities. 1912 _vn-hillen & baren_, discover and lay bare (disclose); _vnhillen_ = O.E. _unhelen_. (See Surtees, Ps. xxviii. 9.) 1914 _wel-ðewed_, well conducted, well behaved. 1915 _for-ði wexem wið gret nið_; unless _wexem_ = _wex hem_, we should perhaps read, _for-ði he wexen wið gret nið_, Wherefore they increased in great envy (jealousy). _wið_ = in. 1919 _soren_ = _shorn_ = reaped. _Shear_ is still an E.Anglian term for to reap. "And I sal say til men _scherande_, Gaderes the darnel first in bande, And brennes it opon the land, And _scheres_ sithen the corn rathe, And bringes it unto my lathe." —(Met. Hom. p. 146.) 1920 _here_ = theirs. Cf. _ure_ = ours. 1923 _hu mai ðis sen_, how may this appear (be seen). 1928 _siðe_ = _siðen_ = afterwards. 1934 In Dothan he found them come. _sogt_ = sought = come, arrived? 1935 _fro feren_ = from afar. P. 56. l. 1942 _ðisternesse_ = _cisternesse_ = cistern. (See l. 1960.) Cistern occurs in the Middle High German Book of Genesis and Exodus, ed. Diemer, p. 75. "Nu sehet ze dem trômære, er bringet nivmare Slahen wir den selben hunt, Werfen in in der _zisterne_ grunt." 1942-4 In this pit, old and deep, Yet shall he be cast, naked and cold, What-so(ever) his dreams may signify. 1943 _wurðe_ = _wurð e_ = _wurð he_ (?) = he shall be. 1950 _derne sped_ = secret haste. I should prefer _derue sped_ = _derfe sped_, bold (wicked) haste. 1952 _spices ware_ = _spices-ware_ = spicery. 1958 Than he should there die in their power. 1961 _ðhogte swem_ = appeared grieved = was sorrowful. 1962-3 Believed him to be slain, set up a cry He will not cease, such sorrow he endured. 1962 _rem_, cry, outcry. "ðanne _remen_ he alle a _rem_, so hornes blast oðer belles drem (noise)." —(O.E. Miscell., p. 21.) 1967-8 In kid's blood they turned it, Then was there-on a piteous stain. 1968 _lit_ = stain. "Ah wið se swiðe lufsume leores Ha leien, se rudie & se reade _i-litet_ (coloured) eauereach leor as lilie i-leid to rose, Þæt nawhit ne þuhte hit Þæt ha weren deade."—(St. Kath. l. 1432.) "Saide Laverd of Basan torne, torne sal I, In depnesse of þe se for-þi; Þat þi fote be _lited_ in blode o lim, Þe tunge of þi hundes fra faas of him."—(Ps. lxvii. 24.) P. 57. ll. 1975-8 He wept, and said that "wild beasts Have my son swallowed here." His clothes rent, in hair (cloth) shrouded, Long mourning and sorrow is him befallen. 1977 _haigre_. "Þai sal be, als þe appocalips spekes, In harde _hayres_ clende and in sekkes." —(Hampole's P. of C., 4530.) 1980 _hertedin_, consoled; literally encouraged him (to hope that his son was still alive). 1982 _herting_ = consolation. 1989 _skiuden_ for _skinden_ = went. 1992 They made quickly a gainful covenant. 1995 _wol_ = _wel_ = very. 1999, 2000 But he became then so naturally cold, To do such deed had he no power. 2004 The author of the poem seems to have confounded Potiphar with Poti-pherah, the priest of On. (See Gen. xli. 45.) P. 58. l. 2011 _an heg_ for _and heg_ = and high. 2015 _One and stille_, alone and secretly. 2019 Provided that he would with her wanton; _wile_ seems to be the same as _wigele_, to play, sport. May we not supply _plaige_, play, before _wile_? 2020 But what she desired was displeasing to him. 2024 But it was to him all alike displeasing. 2025 _tgeld_ = _tyeld_ = tent. Cf. _tilt_ (of a cart). 2030 _god_ = _goð_ = goes. 2031-2 And saith Joseph would do to her, What she might not prove (or bring) against him. 2031 _seið_, says. 2035-6 The blame is his, the right is hers, May God almighty discern the truth. _wite_, blame, still exists in _twit_; O.E. _at-wite_. P. 59. l. 2043 _chartre_ for _cwartre_ = prison. "Forr nass nohht Sannt Johan ȝët ta Intill _cwarrterrne_ worrpenn."—(Orm. ii. 270.) 2044 _in hagt_, in sorrow. We might translate ll. 2042-4 as follows:—"The gaoler did love him, and hath entrusted him the prison to live in care with the prisoners." 2045 _on-sagen_ = _un-sagen_ = O.E. _mis-saw_, opprobrious language. 2047 One that the king's cup presented (the butler). 2049-50 _onigt_ = _anigt_, by night; _o-frigt_ = _afrigt_, in fright, affrighted. 2054 Hard (troublesome) dreams would cause that (_i. e._ cause them to mourn). 2057 _softe or strong_ = pleasant or unpleasant. 2058 The interpretation will on (to) God belong. 2059 _win-tre_, a vine. "Me thoght I sagh a _win-tre_, A bogh þar was wit branches thre; O þis tre apon ilk bogh, Me thoght hang _winberis_ inogh."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 26.) 2060 That had full grown boughs three; _waxen_ = full grown, explains Shakespear's _man of wax_. 2061 First it bloomed, and afterwards bore. 2062 Of the berries ripe became I aware. 2073 Present my petition (intercede for me) to Pharaoh; _herdne_ = _ernde_. Cf. O.E. _wordle_ = world. "Bute heore almesdede heore _ernde_ schal bere." But their alms-deed Shall intercede for them. —(O.E. Miscell. p. 164.) 2075 _kinde lond_, native land. 2076 And here wrongfully held in bond; _wrigteleslike_ = _wrigte-les-like_, fault-less-ly; _wrigte_ = _wrihhte_, a fault, crime. "For niss nohht Godess griþþ wiþþ þa Þatt wiþþrenn Godd onnȝæness, Acc helle-wawenn iss till þa All affterr þeȝȝre _wrihhte_."—(Orm. i. 136.) P. 60. l. 2077 _liðeð nu me_, listen now to me. 2078 _bread-lepes_ = bread-baskets. Cf. O.E. _bar-lepe_, a basket for keeping barley in. See Townley Myst., p. 329; Wicliffe, Exod. ii. 3. _Leep_, or baskett (lepp. K). Sporta, calathus, corbis.—(Prompt. Parv.) 2085-6 It were preferable to me (I had rather) quoth Joseph, Tell the meaning of pleasant dreams. 2086 _rechen_ = _recken_ = to tell, explain; _swep_ = force, stroke. Cf. the use of _bond_, _wold_, ll. 2114, 2122. 2088 _ben do[n] on rode_, be put on the cross (be crucified). 2089-90 And fowls shall tear away thy flesh, That no wealth shall be able to save thee. 2094 _wið-uten erd_, in _a_ foreign land. 2105 On a bush full grown and very beautiful (seasonable? well-seasoned, prime?). 2107 _welkede_ = withered. _drugte numen_, seized with drought (dryness). P. 61. l. 2114 Who could explain the meaning of these dreams. 2119 _ðo hogt_. Is _hogt_ an error for _logt_ = _lagt_, taken, or for _sogt_ = sought? 2122 _ðis dremes wold_ = this dream's meaning. _Wold_ signifies (1) power, (2) force, (3) meaning. 2130 _nedful_ = grievous; the O.E. _ned_ often signifies grief, trouble. 2132 _rospen and raken_, rasp and rake, diminish and scatter. The Swedish _raka_ signifies to clip, shave, shear. 2134 _laðes_, barns. (See note to l. 1919.) Chaucer uses the word in the Reve's Tale. "Berne or _lathe_, Horreum."—(Prompt. Parv.) 2136 _hungri gere_, famine years. 2146 _so to-bar_, so _falsely_ accused him. (See _baren_ in l. 1912.) In the Castle of Love _to-beren_ = disagree; _to-boren_, at enmity, l. 49. P. 62. l. 2153 The seven years of plenty pass away. Joseph himself knew how to provide beforehand. 2161 _for nede sogt_, _sought_, come by compulsion. (See l. 2165.) 2163 _he lutten him_, they did obeisance to him. 2167-8 Joseph knew them all in his thought (mind), He made as _if_ he knew them not. 2176 For hunger doth (causes) them (Jacob's sons) hither to come. 2178 _bi gure bering_, by your behaviour. 2181 For seldom betideth even any king. P. 63. l. 2190 _ða_ = _ðat_; _pore_ is evidently an error for _gure_ = your. 2191-2 For then was Joseph sore afraid That he were also through them deceived. 2196 _ðe ton_ = the one. 2198 _to wedde_ = in pledge, as hostage. "He said, 'Forsothe, a tokyne _to wedde_ Salle thou lefe with me.'"—(Sir Perceval of Galles, p. 19.) 2204 _Wrigtful_ = sinful. (See note to l. 2076.) 2209 For we denied him mercy; _werneden_ = denied, refused. "God schewes in his godspelle Of þe riche man and laȝarus, How þat he _warned_ him almus, Þarfor God _warned_ him agayne A drope of water, to sloken his payne In þe fire of helle when he was þan." —(Cott. MS. Tib. E. vii., fol. 37.) 2214 _pilt_ = O.E. _pult_, thrown, placed (R. of Gloucester, 3376, 459; Lay le Freine, 136). P. 64. l. 2219 _ouer-ðogt_, over-anxious. 2224 _ðo agtes_ = the monies. 2232 Death and sorrow come on me; _segeð_ = _sigeð_, cometh, alighteth, falleth. "& þi wracche (wretched) saule [Scal] _siȝen_ to helle."—(Laȝ. ii. 186.) 2233 _bi-lewen_ = _bi-liuen_ = remain. 2235-8 Then quoth Judah, "It will go hard with us, If we do not keep our agreement with him." Famine increased, this corn is gone, Jacob again biddeth them go again (to Egypt). 2241-2 Then quoth he, "When (since) it is necessary, And _I_ know no better plan." 2249 God grant that he may be kindly disposed (towards you); _eði-modes_ = _eðe-moded_ (see note to l. 1584). 2252 _ligt_ = soon; literally easily, without difficulty. 2254 Kind thought (natural affection) was in his heart then; _ðag_ = _ða_ = _ðo_ = then, is necessary for the sense and the rhyme. P. 65. l. 2255 _gerken_ = O.E. _ȝarke_, Mod. Eng. _yark_, prepare, get ready. "He lætte bi sæ flode _ȝearkien_ scipen gode."—(Laȝ. i. 111.) 2258 None of them had then merry cheers (countenances). 2262 _ur non_, none of us; _ur_ should be properly _ure_. Cf. l. 2260, where we have _gur_ for _gure_. 2267-8 Very glad (fain) he was of their coming, For he was held there as a prisoner. _to nome_ may have the same signification as the phrase _to wedde_ = as hostage, as security; _nome_ (_nom_?), derived from _nimen_, to take, capture, signifies seizure. Cf. _wop_ from _wepe_ (weep), _grot_ from _grete_ (lament, cry), _lop_ (flee) from _lepe_ (leap, run), etc. 2269 _vndren time_ = A.Sax. _undern-tid_; _vndren_ is the Prov. _aandorn_, _oandurth_, _orndorn_. It literally denotes "the intervening period, which accounts for its sometimes denoting a part of the forenoon, or a meal taken at that time, and sometimes a period between noon and sunset."—(Garnett.) 2275 And he willingly accepted it. 2279 Know I that none of them but what trembles. 2287-9 Soon he went out, and secretly he wept, That all his face became wet with tears. After that weeping, he washed his face. P. 66. l. 2295 _of euerilc sonde_, of every dish, of every mess; _sond_ signifies a dish, mess, meal. S.Sax. _sonden_, _sunde_, viands. "wanliche (bad) weoren þa _sonden_."—(Laȝ. iii. 32.) "þas beorn þa _sunde_ (þes beare þe _sondes_) from kuchene to þan kinge."—(Laȝ. ii. 611.) "Hwer beoð þine disches midd þine swete _sonde_?"—(O.E. Miscell., p. 174.) 2297 In abundance they became glad. 2302 _ðeden_ = peoples. 2311 _weren ... went_ = had gone. 2316 _vn-selðehe_ = _vnselðe_, misfortune, evil. "Her waas _unnseollþe_ unnride inoh Till an mann forr to dreȝhenn."—(Orm. i. 165.) "Ah ich heom singe, for ich wolde That hi wel understonde schulde That sum _unselthe_ heom is i-hende (near)." —(Owl and Nightingale, p. 43.) Later writers use the word in the sense of wickedness. (See Shoreham's Poems, p. 43.) 2314 _bi-calleð_, accuses. See Ywain and Gawin, p. 21, l. 491. 2318 _gure on_ = one of you. 2320 _vp_ = _vpe_ = _upon_. "Moni of þisse riche þat wereden foh and grei, An rideþ _uppe_ stede and uppen palefrai, Heo schulen atte dome, suggen weilawei."—(O.E. Miscell., p. 164.) P. 67. l. 2335 Provided that thou spare Benjamin. 2341 _so e gret_ = _so he gret_, so he wept. 2342 That all his face became wet of (with) tears. See l. 2356. 2354 _sundri_ = _on-sundri_, apart. 2356 _Ilc here_, each of them. P. 68. l. 2367 _twinne srud_, two _changes of_ raiment. 2369 _fif weden_, five garments. 2373 _wið semes fest_, with burdens loaded. 2380 He knew not who they were (on account of their princely garments). 2384 All Egypt in his power is placed (fixed). 2390 _or ic of werlde chare_, ere I from the world go (turn) = ere I die. P. 69. l. 2399 _derer_, an error for _derë_ = beloved. 2400 How many years are on thee. 2403 _fo_ = few; O.E. _fowe_. Cp. Northern _fon_, few, in Hampole's P. of C. 2404 Although I have passed (suffered) them in woe. 2406 _her vten erd_ = here in foreign lands. See l. 2410. 2412 _seli mel_, good sustenance (food). Cf. l. 1542. 2416 _y-oten_ = _y-hoten_, called. 2427-31 So was it pleasing to him to be laid, Where the Holy Ghost secretly had said To him and his elders, far ere before, Where Jesus Christ would be born, And where be dead, and where be buried. P. 70. l. 2435 _Or ðan_ = ere that. 2441-3 Joseph caused his body to be honourably prepared (for burial), To be washed, richly anointed, And with spices to be scented. _Smaken_ usually signifies to taste, savour, but here means to scent, to be scented. _Smac_ in the Owl and Night., 821, is used for scent, while in the Ayenbite of Inwyt it has the sense of flavour. "Zalt yefþ _smac_ to þe mete." See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. _Smach_. 2444-9 And Egypt's folk him bewaked, Forty nights and forty days, Such were Egypt's laws; _The_ first nine nights the bodies they bathe, And anoint, and shroud, and bewail And watch them afterwards forty nights. 2451-5 And Hebrew folk had a custom, Not immediately to bury it with iron, But to wash it (the corpse) and keep it right, Without anointing, seven nights, And afterwards (keep it) anointed thirty days. 2452 _yre_ = iron; O.E. _ire_, _iren_ (Owl and Night. 1028). The form _ize_, iron, is also met with in O.E. writers. (See Ayenbite, pp. 110, 133.) 2454 _smerles_, ointment, belongs to the same class of words as _feteles_, a vessel, _reckeles_, incense, etc. "þe _smeryels_ ne is naȝt worþ to hele þe wonde ne non oþer þing þer huile þet þet yzen is þerinne."—(Ayenbite, p. 174.) 2459-60 For truth and with good deeds, Done is then all that watch-deed. 2460 _wech-dede_, vigils. 2463 And some every year as it happens or comes round. 2465 Do for the dead church-going; _chirche-gong_ = church-going. "Þe gret cyte of Medes suþþe afure he (William) sette, Vor me (one) ne myȝte non _chyrche gong_ wyþ out lyȝte do." —(R. of Gloucester, p. 380.) 2467 And that is instead of the vigils. P. 71. l. 2472 _daiges_ is evidently an error for _laiges_, laws. See l. 2456. 2479 _wis of here[n]_, skilful in arms. 2487 _ouer-pharan_ = _ouer-faren_, pass over _or_ beyond Pharan. 2488 _in biriele don_, put into the tomb. "And whanne Jhesus hadde comen over the water at the cuntre of men of Genazereth, twey men havynge develis runnen to him, goynge out fro _birielis_ (tombs), ful feerse, _or wickid_, so that no man miȝte passe by that way."—(Wicliffe, St. Matt. viii. 28.) 2498 _To beðen meðe_, to supplicate for mercy; _beðen_ may be an error for _beden_, to entreat, _bedden oc_ = _beoden oth_ = to offer oath [of obedience]. P. 72. l. 2505-12 "It shall," quoth he, "be fulfilled What God before hath to our elders sworn; He shall lead you in his hand Hence to that promised land; For God's love I yet entreat you; Perform it (my prayer) then, promise it now That my petition shall not be lost (sight of); With you let my bones be borne. 2510 _Lested_ = _lesteð_, perform. 2514 God bring the soul into bliss. 2516 _egipte-like_, after the custom of the Egyptians. 2521 _to ful in wis_ = _to ful-iwis_, very full (completely), indeed. See l. 109. Orm uses the word _fuliwis_, _ful iwiss_, _fuliȝwiss_, in the sense of certainly, truly. See Gloss. to Orm, s. v. _fuliwis_. 2524 _for lefful soules ned_, for the need of faithful souls. 2528 May God help him kindly (joyfully). For the meaning of _weli_ see Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. _wely_. 2529 And preserve his soul from sorrow and tears. 2532 God grant them in his bliss to have pleasure; _spilen_ signifies to sport, live pleasantly. "Þan was Uortigerne þa king in Cantuarie-buri. Þer he mid his hirede, hæhliche _spilede_ (nobly diverted themselves)." —(Laȝ. ii. 153.) "dâ was _spil_ unde wunne under wîben unde manne. vone benche ze benche hiez man allûteren wîn scenchen: Si _spilten_ unde trunchan unz in iz der slâf binam." —(M.H.G. version of Genesis and Exodus, ed. Deimer.) P. 73. l. 2544 _hatel_, severe, cruel. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. _Hatel_. 2546 _seli sið_, prosperity. 2547 Quoth (spoke) this king with them, secretly, in council. 2548 _michil sped_ = great speed, rapidly. 2553 _feten_ seems to be an error for _seten_, made. 2555 _vn-ðewed swinc_, unaccustomed (extraordinary) labour; _vn-ðewed_ also signifies immoral, wicked. See Orm. i. 74, Allit. Poems, B, l. 190. 2556 _fugel_ = _ful_, foul, loathsome. 2560 They caused them to creep along (or through) dikes; _dikes_ = O.E. _diches_, may here signify subterraneous passages, burrows; or perhaps _dikes_ = sewers, from the allusion to _muc_ and _fen_. "And Jhesus said to him, Foxes han _dichis_, or _borowis_, and briddis of the eir han nestis, but mannes sone hath not where he reste his heued."-(Wicliffe, St. Matt. viii. 20.) 2561-2 And wide about (through) the cities to go, And come where none had been before. 2564 _comb_, crest or top (?). 2567 _ðhogen_ = _ðogen_, throve. See l. 2542. P. 74. l. 2575 But they disobeyed from fear of God. 2578 They defended themselves with lies. 2581-2 God requited it these women well, On _their_ homes, _their_ wealth, _a_ happy time. _eddi sel_ is, literally, pleasant time, but may here denote prosperity, success, etc. 2583 _opelike_ = openlike, openly. 2588 _Abraham_ is an error for _Amram_, _i.e._ Amram was Moses' first name. 2590 _dreful and bleð_, sorrowful and afraid; _bleð_. In A.Sax. _bleað_ = gentle, slow; _blæt_ = miserable; the S.Sax. _blæð_ = destitute, poor; _bliðere_, cowardlier. 2594 Nor could she take him stealthily (secretly) of (from) the water; or _stelen_ may signify to still, to quiet. 2595 _rigesses_ = rushes. Cf. Sc. _reesk_, _reyss_. 2596 _terred_ = _tarred_, pitched. P. 75. l. 2609-10 God had such beauty him given, That the very foes let him live. 2611-5 Egypt's women came near, And bad _her_ leave the child there, But she took it away with a cry (scream); Of their command took she no heed. 2613-4 _he_ = _ghe_ = she. It cannot be the plural _he_ = they, for this would require _namen_ instead of _nam_. 2621 On whose _teat_ (paps) he soon hath seized. 2629 _on sunes stede_, instead of a son. See l. 2637. 2639 _ayne_ [= _ane_] _stund_, one minute. 2644 _ðis timing_ = this occurrence, this timely assistance. P. 76. l. 2647-8 If help had not run between This child had then soon been killed. 2650-8 He said, "The child doth as he knows (_i. e._ acts according to the extent of his knowledge); we shall now learn whether it did this wittingly, or in childishness." He offered this child two burning coals, and he took them; how was he able to bear it? and in his mouth so deep he placed them, that his tongue's end is burnt therewith; therefore said the Hebrews truly that he afterwards spake indistinctly. This legend is thus given in Lady Eastlake's Life of Our Lord:—"Therefore when he (Moses) was three years of age she (Thermutis) brought him to Pharaoh, who caressed him, and in sport, put the crown on his head, when the child eagerly pulled it off, and dashed it to the ground; for it is said that the crown was engraved within with figures of idols, which Moses instinctively abominated.... Those around Pharaoh looked upon it as a bad omen, and they counselled the king that he should be slain; but another counsellor said that he should be pardoned, because he was too young to know right from wrong; and a third counsellor said, 'There is in this child something miraculous and uncommon. Cause, therefore, a burning coal and a ruby ring to be set before him; and if he take the ring it will show that he knows right from wrong, and then let him be destroyed, lest he spoil the kingdom of Egypt. But if he take up the burning coal, it will show that he is too young to know right from wrong, and then let his life be spared.' Then the king said, 'Let the hot burning coal and the king's signet ring (which was a large shining ruby) be placed side by side, and we shall see what he will do.' And immediately the child stretched out his hand to take the signet ring; but the angel Gabriel (who instantly took the form of one of the attendants) turned his hand aside, and the child Moses took up the burning coal, and put it to his mouth, and his tongue was burnt therewith, so that he was unable afterwards to speak distinctly, even to the end of his days." 2652 _childhede_; "ac zeþþe ich com to elde of vol man, ich vorlet alle mine _childhedes_."—(Ayenbite, p. 208.) 2653 _brennen_ = _brennende_, burning; _to_ = _two_. 2654-5 _is_ = them. 2658 _miserlike_ = S.Sax. _misliche_, variously, differently; and, hence, thickly, indistinctly. The form _miser-like_ may be a corruption of the A.Sax. _missen-lic_, dissimilar. _Misliche_ in Owl and Nightingale, l. 1771, signifies erroneously. 2662 _b[i]leph_ = _bi-lef_, remained. 2665-8 By that time that he was a youth (young man) With (for) beauty and strength renowned, The Ethiopian folk on Egypt came, And burnt, and slew, and vengeance took. 2675-8 Teremuth scarcely might bring it about (prevail) That Moses shall with them forth-go, Ere she have her pledged and sworn, That to him shall be borne (kept) honourable faith. 2676 _hire_, an error for _hem_, them. 2677 _he_ = _ghe_ = she. 2680 _were_ (a substantive from _weren_, to defend), a defender, protector. Cf. _dere_, harm, from _deren_, to hurt. P. 77. l. 2682 _vn-warnede_, unexpected. This enables us to correct the reading _unwarde_ in l. 480. 2688 _ut-ðhurg_ = out-through, throughout. Cf. O.E. _ut-with_, without, _in-with_, within, etc. 2696 Nevertheless that sojourn was very distasteful to him. 2701 _meten_ is the p.p. of _mete_, to measure. 2702 _This_ causes remembrance, _the other_ causes forgetfulness. 2703 _He fest is_ = he fixed them. 2704 Gave her the first _gem_; he was kind to her. Two lines seem missing after this line. We might supply the following:— And quan awei nimen [faren] he wolde Gaf hire ðe toðer, he was hire colde. And when he would go away, he gave her the other gem, and was distasteful to her. 2708 _e_ = he. 2712 _a modi stiward_, a moody (proud) steward. 2714 That seemed to Moses _a_ great shame. P. 78. ll. 2718-20 And secretly he buried him in the sand, He weened that no Egyptian Had known it, or should have seen it. 2720 _a sen_ may signify 'have seen.' Northumbrian _ha_, to have; but more probably we should read _a-sen_, to see, the infinitive being required after _sulde_, so that _sulde a-sen_ = should see. In the Romans of King Alysaundre _asen_ occurs as the p.p. of _a-see_, to see. Cf. our modern words _wake_ and _awake_, _rise_ and _arise_, etc. These double forms were far more common in O.E. writers than in the modern stage of our language. 2727 And enquired _of_ him what it should mean. 2730 _to rad_, too hasty. 2736 _his weige ðeðen ches_ = chose (took) his way thence. P. 79. l. 2757 _ðewe and wursipe_, courtesy and honour. 2758 _estdede_, kindly deed (actions). (See Owl and Nightingale, l. 997.) _Esste mete_ occurs in the Ormulum for delicate meat (food), etc. "Ac thar lond is bothe _este_ and god." —(Owl and Nightingale, p. 36, l. 1029.) 2764 To wife in law he her took; _in lage_ = in law, in marriage, is an early use of a common phrase. 2769 And Moses had gone on a time. 2771 To look after the condition of the herds. 2775 _brennen_ = _brennende_. See l. 2653. 2776 And nevertheless green and whole remained. 2783 _in min geming_, under my care (protection). 2788 _milche_, milk; _queðen_, to promise. P. 80. l. 2789 _an_ = _in_. 2790 _on hond_ = _on-hond_, soon, speedily. Ger. _in die hand_. (See Laȝ. vol. ii. pp. 96, 106, 251, 264.) 2792 _to ðan_, to that = for that purpose. 2797 If he refuse it and be there-_to_ contrary. 2803 _to token_, for a token (sign). Cf. _to wedde_, for a pledge, etc. 2812 _fer_, sound, and hence _unfer_ (l. 2810), diseased. (See Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, l. 103; Ormulum, i. 41, 153, 212.) 2815 _get_ = pour (see l. 582). 2817 _wanmol_ = un-eloquent; _wan_ occurs in O.E. _wan-hope_, despair; _wan-trauthe_, disbelief; _mol_ is the same as _moal_ (speech) in l. 81, p. 3; _vn-reken_ = un-ready, slow. (See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. _reken_.) 2822 Who made the blind, and who the looking (seeing)? 2824 _fultum_, aid, assistance. Þa cristine liðen after, and heom on læide_n_, & cleopeden Crist, godes sune, beo_n_ heom a _fultume_. The Christians pursued after, and laid on them, and called Christ, God's Son, To be to them in aid (to help them). —(Laȝ. ii. 264.) P. 81. l. 2828 _vnsteken_, disclose. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s. v. _Steke_. 2830 _Gunc_ = you two. See Orm. i. 301; ii. 98. 2831 _funden_; O.E. _founde_, to go, occurs in Allit. Poems, p. 63, l. 903. 2834 _of liues_ = alive. 2838 _is werkes len_, reward of his works. 2845 _feren swike_, unfaithful companions, that is, his two sons who were uncircumcised. _he_ = they, refers to Moses and his wife. 2847-50 Zipporah took this young lad, and made him to have circumcision, and wept, and turned back frightened, and let Moses forth alone proceed. 2855 _Eyðer [h]ere_ = each of them. 2856 _haueð is herte vt-dragen_ = hath his heart out-drawn. Cf. our expression, to unbosom oneself, with the Ger. _sein herz anschütten_. P. 82. l. 2876-78 I defended so that thou wast rescued, And laboured, and great sorrow endured, Yet is it unseen (is it a secret) how I accomplished it? 2882 _hidel-like_ (= hidingly), secretly. Cf. O.E. _hidel_, a hiding place (Ps. xxvi. 5). 2890 _to gode_, for good, gratuitously. 2891-2 And yet they hold (keep up) the number of the tiles (bricks), and knead and bake (them), great and small. 2894 And to God he made his complaint (bemoaning). P. 83. l. 2900 _ðhunerg_ = _ðuner_; O.E. _thoner_, thunder. 2903 _Min milche witter name_ may signify (1) my great wise name, or (2) my merciful wise name. In (1) _milche_ = _michel_ = _mikel_, great; but in (2) it = _milce_, mild, merciful. See l. 3603. 2918 _Iglic_ = _uglic_, ugly, horrible. 2919 _wiches kire_, select (choice) witches. 2920 _in sowles lire_, in soul's loss. 2926 And the heads of them all he bit off. P. 84. l. 2934 _wit_ = we two. See Orm. vii. 73, H. i. 4, 300. 2935-6 This king himself is very bitter against this folk, and of heart hard. 2938 And try better with this token. 2947 _trike_, a rivulet, small stream, evidently connected with the verb _trick-le_. 2951 _wreche_ = _wreke_, vengeance, plague. Cf. _michel_ and _mikel_, _dike_ and _diche_, etc. 2957 _bot_ = _boot_, release, deliverance, is connected with O.E. _bete_, to amend, to alleviate. 2962 _bi-tournen_ = _biturnen_, turn, change. P. 85. l. 2969 _froskes here_ = host of frogs. 2977-8 Pole-heads (tadpoles) and frogs, and sport of podes (toads), Bound hard Egypt's wretched folk. _in sile_ = _vn-sile_ = _vn-sele_, miserable, wretched. Stratmann says that _sile_ = _sele_, epirhedium. _Polheuedes_ (Provincial Eng. _pole-head_), a tadpole. Palsgrave has _polet_. _Polly-wigs_, tadpoles. "Tadpoles, _pole-wigges_, young frogs." (Florio, p. 212.) _Pol-wygle_, wyrme, occurs in the Prompt. Parv. (Hall.); _pode_ = Prov. E. _pode_, _paddock_, a toad (Shakespeare); W. Prov. E. _padstool_ = toadstool. (See King Alis. 6124.) "ðare nakyn best of wenym may Lywe, or lest atoure a day; As ask, or eddyre, táde or _pade_, Suppos þat þai be þiddyr hade."—(Wyntown, i. p. 15.) 2988 _up-wond_ = up-went, but literally up-wound. 2989 _on bite_, in _their_ bite. 2990 _smite_, a blight, plague. P. 86. l. 3011 _bad meðe_, entreated for mercy. 3013 _wroð_ = _worð_ = _wurð_, became. 3014 And broke them that promise (see l. 3062). 3027 _dolc_ = O.E. _dolg_, wound, ulcer. O.E. _dolc_ = pin, tongue. 3037 _ðe to un-frame_, to thy sorrow. P. 87. l. 3045 _al sir_ = _all sheer_, clearly, openly. 3047 _vnghere_ may be an error for _undere_ = badly, or, what is more probable, for _vngere_ = unready, unexpectedly, _gere_ being the same as _gare_, _yare_, ready, prepared. 3048 _bergles_ = unprotected, shelterless, from _bergen_, to protect. 3055-6 Moses, cause this weather to turn, And I shall let you out fare (go). 3058 _vnweder_, storm. See ll. 3059, 3061. _Weder_ in O.E. is often used for a tempest, storm. See Ywaine and Gawin, 411; Wyntown, i. 387; Romaunt of the Rose, 72, 4302. _atwond_, departed = away-wound, or away winded. Cf. _at_ in _at-wot_, departed, p. 30, l. 1049. 3065 _gresseopp-e_, grasshopp-e-r, locust. Cf. O.E. _hunt-e_, a hunt-e-r, etc. "And to lefe-worm þar fruit gaf he, And þar swynkes (labours) to _gress-hope_ to be." —(Ps. lxxvii. 46.) 3066 And what the hail then left (untouched) shall all be consumed. P. 88. l. 3075 _but_, without exception (?). 3077 _Hu_ = how? 3080 Erewhile alone of men was _leave_ besought. 3086 _an newe figt_, in _a_ new conflict. 3087 _skipperes_, the grasshoppers. See l. 3096, where _opperes_ is similarly used. 3088 They did on grass and corn injuries. 3102 _ðherknesse_ = _derknesse_, darkness, is a genuine form, and occurs in the Coventry Mysteries:—"_Therknesse_, or derknesse, tenebre, caligo."—(Prompt. Parv.) 3105 Many there suffered sorrow in life; _bead_ = _abead_, suffered. 3108 _sowen_ = _sogen_, saw. See l. 3329. P. 89. l. 3111 _boden_ = both. See _bothen_ in Glossary to Morte Arthure, ed. E. Brock. 3120 Death shall be avenged over you. 3123-6 Said God, "Yet I shall on Pharaoh, Ere ye go out, put a plague (Now I shall into Egypt go)— Such a plague was never any before." 3131-2 I shall not fail you Of what I have promised you. 3139 Every house-folk (family) that may permit of it. 3141-3 The tenth day it should be taken, And kept on the tenth night, And slain on the fourteenth day. 3144 _so it noten mai_, as may partake of it; _noten_ = O.E. _note_, _naite_, to make use of, enjoy, eat. P. 90. l. 3147 _bred_ = O.E. _brad_, roasted. (See Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight, l. 891.) 3148 _wreken_, taken, thrown out. "God nele naȝt þet me make, his hous marcat ne boþe, huerout he _wrek_ þo þet zyalde and boȝte in þe temple."—(Ayenbite, p. 172.) 3150 _his owen fond_, his own wants (need). 3153 _wriðel_; can it mean _haste_? (see Ex. xii. 11.) At first sight it seems to be a derivative of _wirt_ (by metathesis _writ_), an herb; but the mention of _rew mete[n]_ in l. 3151 renders this rather doubtful. 3154 _bi-leuen_, the remainder. O.E. _lave_, _leve_, the remainder. 3155 _dure-tren_ = door-trees, posts. "For James the gentile Jugged in hise bokes That feith withouten the feet Is right nothyng worthi And as ded as a _dore-tre_ But if the dedes folwe." —(Piers Ploughman, 833.) _uuerslagen_ = _overslagen_, _ouerslage_, over-piece, lintel. "_Ovyrslay_ of a doore. superliminare."—(Prompt. Parv.) 3172 For their toil they now have hire. P. 91. l. 3206 _fro_ = _for_, on account of. 3211 _stunden_ does not mean stood, but is a vb. (formed from the sb. _stund_, a stound, a short space of time) signifying to delay awhile, to wait. 3212 How Pharaoh should act toward them. 3213 Pharaoh summoned (assembled) out his army; _bannen_ = to call to arms. "Þa bleou Brutus & _bonnede_ [_bannede_] his ferde." Then blew Brutus his horn And assembled his forces. —(Laȝ. i. 75.) 3218 _of fote ren_ = swift of foot. P. 92. l. 3220 _to werchen wi_, to work war, to make war upon. 3224 _ne gate_ = _no gate_, no ways; _gate_ is often used by Northern writers as an affix = -wise or -ways; as _al-gate_, _thus-gate_, etc. 3230 On (against) Moses they set _up_ a cry. 3234 Supply _don_ after _gu_. 3235 _dregen wið skil_, endure with patience. 3240 That for you ways (paths) may be well prepared. P. 93. l. 3255 _an skige_, a cloud. Cf. Milton's '_sky-tinctured_' (Paradise Lost, Book V.). "..... it ne left not a _skie_ In al the welkin long and brode." —(House of Fame, iii. 508-511.) 3264 _daiening_ = _daigening_, dawning. 3271 _in twired wen_, in perplexing doubt; _twired_ signifies two-fold (doubtful) counsel. "and [Bruttes] dude_n_ swiðe vnwraste ...... alle his haste, and weoren alle _twiræde_." And Brutus did very evilly all his behests, and all were of two counsels. —(Laȝ. ii. 392.) 3274 _helden_, an error for _holden_. 3275 _a morgen quile_, a morrow while, a minute. 3282 _weken_ seems to be an error for _wreken_, taken (see l. 3148.) P. 94. l. 3292 _pert_ = _apert_, open, clear. 3300 _wlath_, the reading of the MS., = _lað_, loathsome. But _wlach_ = brackish, properly _warm_; cp. _luke_-warm. 3301 _a funden_ (discovered) _trew_ = a tree _which he_ found. 3310 _bred wantede_, bread failed. 3315 _Bet us were in egipte ben_, It were better for us in Egypt to be. 3319 _on-dreg_ = 'bear up,' endure patiently. 3324 _so fele so_, as many as. P. 95. l. 3327 _ðis dewes cost_, the nature of this dew. For the meaning of _cost_ see O.E. Miscell., pp. 12, 25; Allit. Poems, p. 66; Chaucer's Knight's Tale. 3328 _rim frost_ = _rime frost_, hoar frost. 3338 _for-hadede_. Read ? _for-hardede_, hardened. 3340 That it gave a flavour of honey and oil. 3341 _forbone mor_, more _than_ was bidden; _forbone_ may be an error for _forbode_, prohibition, command; or we may read (and the MS. will admit of it) _forboue_, above. Cf. _bi_ and _for-bi_, etc. 3345 Kept it apart in _a_ clean place. 3348 _vten leð_ = in a foreign land; _withouten let_ = without cessation. 3353 Soon was that water wanting to them. 3354 MS. _haue_; the rhyme requires _hane_; _ðrist hane_ signifies torment of thirst. P. 96. l. 3378 _here ðing_, their affairs. 3381 Moses prayed for the folk _of_ Israel. 3385 For _leth is_ read _let his_. 3388 They supported them with a stone. 3393 _bode_ seems wanting after _sente_. 3394 Of this occurrence to have a memorial. P. 97. l. 3398 _min blis_. Jehovah-nissi is generally explained as "The Lord is my banner." 3410 _stering_, government, rule; _stere_ in ll. 3418, 3420, rule; _steres_, rulers, ll. 3413, 3415; _steres-men_, rulers, ll. 3417, 3429. 3412 _a meister wold_, a master (head) ruler, the same as _ouer-man_, l. 3424. 3413 _tgen_ = _tyen_, ten. See l. 3418. 3414 _Ilc here_, each of them. 3429-32 He bad them choose rulers, mighty, who are God-fearing, truth-loving, and who strife and covetousness forsake. 3432 _niðing_ signifies not only strife, but niggardliness, wickedness, slaughter, etc. O.E. writers usually employ the word in the sense of a coward, villain, miser, etc. P. 98. l. 3434 And willingly (gladly) _he_ received (accepted) it. 3438 _is numen_, has gone. 3448 May we not read _Ic wile min folc cnowen be_ = I will be known to my people? 3449-51 And Moses told this to Israel, And they promised him every whit What he biddeth them they will do. 3453 _ðis to daiges_ = these two days. 3458 _wið goren dragen_ = pierced with darts. "heo beoren on heore honde _gares_ [speres], swiðe stronge." —(Laȝ. iii. 44.) 3459-60 These _people_ fearful thus abode, While these days forth have passed. 3462 _Spile_, ravage, destruction (see l. 2977). 3463 On this mount stood a cloud's shadow; _and_ = _an_ = _a_ (see l. 3475). P. 99. l. 3471-84 Each of you bear in mind, that it is not Moses, Amram's son, whom ye shall to-day hear speak, but He who slew Egypt (you for to avenge), and a path made in the sea; and who let Adam discover the tree which preserved Noah, and led Abraham out into the land of Canaan; who caused Isaac to be begotten of old Abraham and of Sarah (of old teats); who gave Isaac (Jacob?) so many sons, and who gave Joseph such rich gifts (abilities); let His word be to you as precious as life, dearer than either child or wife. 3488-9 None might go further except Nun, And also his brother Aaron. 3489 _on_ = _one_. It may be an error for _oc_ = also. 3496 My vengeance is severe, my forbearance is long. 3497 _in idel_, in vain; _idel_ in O.E. signifies _empty_, _void_. 3498-3500 Nor swear it lyingly to defile in sport, Nor let thou my honour be lost in the fiend's tempting (_i. e._ in yielding to the devil's advice). P. 100. l. 3508 _for truke of_ = for failure of, for want of. 3515 Covet not thy neighbour's thing. 3518 Thou losest everlasting bliss. 3519 _figeren_ = _fiyeren_ = _feren_, afar. 3533 _nemeld_ = _nemend_ = _nemned_, named, appointed (?). P. 101. l. 3545-6 That mad folk there of day brought Hur (_i. e._ put Hur to death) and put Aaron in fear; 'to don of dawe' = to bringen of dage = put to death. (See Legend of St. Beket, l. 622; Allit. Poems, p. 9, l. 282.) "For quen the childe es born, sal I _Do it of daw_ sa priuely, That na wiht sal the squeling here, And delf it sithen in our herbere."—(Met. Hom. p. 167.) P. 102. l. 3573 _for gode_ is frequently employed by Chaucer. 3574 It is a song wicked and foolish. 3581-2 And mixed _it_ in _the_ water and poured it off, And gave that folk that draff (dregs) to drink. Cf. O.E. _draff_, chaff. "_Draffe_ or drosse, or mater stampyd, pilumen." (Prompt. Parv.) Cf. "_draf-sak_." (Chaucer.) 3583-4 Then wist he well who had done it (committed idolatry), Seen it (the dregs) was on their beards. 3603 _milche moð_ = _milce mod_, mild (merciful) mood. 3605-6 God answered, "Off shall I take them, Who are not _worthy_ to be placed thereon." 3607 _min engel on_, my angel alone. P. 103. l. 3611 _to pligt_, for _their_ sin. 3614 And as sun-beam bright shone his features. 3624 _wið witter dragt_, with skilful device. 3626 And their labour they well apply. 3635 _of lore wal_, of choice lore. 3637 _betten_ = _beten_, amend, from _bet_, better. 3640 Ere they from Sinai forth have passed. 3642 _ðe oðer_, the second. P. 104. l. 3647 This folk has after pleasure gone. 3653 Moses caused it to cease with his prayer. See note on _blissen_, p. 182. 3658 _for-hirked_ = _for-irked_, tired. 3661 _Loruerd_ = _louerd_, lord. 3664 Thou shalt cause me quickly to suffer death. 3676 And brought a great mint of quails; but _turles_ = _turtles_, doves. See Ayenbite of Inwyt, p. 181. P. 105. l. 3688 There became Miriam somewhat foolish; _soth_ = _sott_, a fool (see l. 3685). 3710 A bunch of grapes on a long pole; O.E. _cowele_, _cowle_, a coop, tub, etc.; Prov. E. _cowl_; _cuuel-staf_ signifies the staff or pole upon which the people carried their kneading troughs. This interpretation is supported by the form _cowle-tre_ or _soo-tree_. Falanga, vectatorium. (Prompt. Parv.) "Phalanga est hasta, vel quidam baculus ad portandas cupas, Anglice a stang, or a _culstaffe_."—(Ortus.) "_Courge_, a stang, pale-staffe, or _cole-staffe_, carried on the shoulder, and notched for the hanging of a pale at both ends."—(Cotgrave.) In Caxton's Mirrour of the World, c. 10, A.D. 1481, it is related that in Ynde "the clusters of grapes ben so grete and so fulle of muste, that two men ben gretly charged to bere one of them only upon a _cole-staff_." In Hoole's translation of the Orbis sensualium, by Comenius, 1658, is given a representation of the _cole-staff_ (_ærumna_), used for bearing a burden between two persons, p. 135; and again, at p. 113, where it appears as used by brewers to carry to the cellar the new-made beer in "soes," or tubs with two handles (_labra_), called also _cowls_. In Brand's "Popular Antiquities," ii. 107, will be found an account of the local custom of riding the _cowl-staff_ or _stang_ (Way in Prompt. Parv.) P. 106. l. 3721 _swerdes slagen_, slain of (with) sword. 3723 _loder-man_ = _lodesman_, leader. A leader we will choose (take); _sen_ = _bi-sen_. 3730 If Moses were not opposed there-_to_. 3732 _milche_ = _milce_, mercy, pity. See l. 3728, where the correct form occurs. 3740 Their righteousness was pleasing to God. 3742 _sorwes dere_ = sorrow's hurt. 3745-6 Again (backwards) they made their course, As that cloud had taught. P. 107. l. 3755 _migtful_ qualifies _meistres_ in l. 3756. 3760-61 _ilc gure_, each of you. Cf. _quilc gure_, which of you, l. 3764. 3761 _reklefat_, incense vat, the vessel holding the incense, censer. See Orm. i. 2, 35, 58. 3762 _timinge_ seems to be an error for _time ge_, wait ye. 3767 _orgel pride_, arrogant pride. Cf. _orrȝhellmod_, pride (Orm. i. 216). "Ichabbe isehen his ouergart, ant his egede _orhel_ ferliche afallet."—(St. Marh. p. 11.) I have seen his presumption and his arrogance fearfully felled. 3770 Instead of the reading in the text substitute the following: _Moyses, and vt ne wulde gon_; _vr_ seems to be an error for _vt_ = out. See Numbers xvi. 12. 3774 Held up neither stone nor grit. I do not think _ston ne gret_ = _strong ne gret_ = strong nor great. 3777-80 Such destruction they have unexpectedly No man need labour to bury them This earth is together closed As it were never ere broken up. 3786 _fieres swaðe_, flame (burning) of fire. P. 108. l. 3796 There hath a cloud them well girded. 3802 Ran and stood _between_ the living and the dead; _tiren_ seems, from the way it is written in the MS., to be an error for _tuen_ = _twen_, between. 3807-14 Though this folk, much frightened, remained quiet for a time, nevertheless they are yet in diverse counsels (_i. e._ of conflicting opinions). Moreover, they vacillate in purpose, and think that it may be decided better. Though these burnt (_i. e._ those destroyed by fire) are refused, yet they ween that God shall take of the twelve tribes some more to be in the place of those whom he had despised (rejected). _miðe_ is the pret. subj. of _miðen_ = A.S. _míðan_ (pret. _mád_, pl. _midon_; pret. subj. _mide_), to lie hid, to avoid, omit, hide, dissemble. 3809 _aglen_ = _aylen_ = _ail_, become weak or foolish. 3814 _for-hugede_, despised, rejected. "Ah Gurmu_n_d hit _for-hoȝede_ And habbe he heo nolde."—(Laȝ. iii. 156.) "For niss nan mann þatt uss birrþ att _Forrhoȝhenn_ god to lernenn."—(Orm. ii. 107.) P. 109. l. 3824. The name of the tribe which _shall_ thereto belong. 3826 Which tribe he desires this service _to be_ on. 3851-2 Here and there (yonder) there they buried lie, All the old (ones) did there end (i. e. died). P. 110. l. 3865-6 God bad assemble the folk and go, And before them smite on the stone. 3880 _costful_, dangerous. See Met. Hom. p. xix, where _far-cost_ = a dangerous voyage. 3884 _wente of liwe_ = turned from life = died. 3887 _in_ = _hin_ = _hine_, him. P. 111. l. 3924 The sense requires us to read, _for to stillen his vn-eðe mod_, for to quiet his uneasy (disturbed) mind. P. 112. ll. 3931-2 In the night a message came to him from God, And a prohibition against this king's counsel. 3941 _me goue hold_ = should give me faithfully; _hold_ = _holde_ = faithfully, truly. 3945 _Oc or or_ = but first ere. 3951 And turned his heart on worse thought. 3958 And beat and turned it to the path; _sti_, path, way. "ðes is forðon ðeðe gecuoeden wæs ðerh esaias ðone witgo cuoeðende: stefn cliopende in woestern gearuas woeg drihtnes, ræhta doeð [wyrcas] _stiga_ his." (Matt. iii. 3. Northumbrian Version.) 3964 _negt_ = _neg_ + _it_ = nigh it. P. 113. ll. 3972-3 It is as true as it is marvellous. Said this ass thus with anger. 3976-7 Had I a sword, I would slay thee. So was this man to mischief (grief) brought. 3985-6 Quoth Balaam, "since I have mis-fared, If thou wilt, I will turn back." 3988 Against my counsel speak thou nought. 3993-4 Shall I no word be able to forth-do (utter), Except what God layeth on me. 4000-1 And went apart; why? but because from above, etc. P. 114. ll. 4009-10 His life is blithe (joyful), so shall be his ending (death), Who prospereth as this (one) shall prosper. 4015 For _or_ read _and_ (?). 4016 He did it for better success. 4022 _hem_, if not an error for _he_, stands for _he_ + _hem_. P. 115. l. 4049 "The young women of thy land, fair of sight, and soft of hand, and bright of hue (complexion), of speech glad (joyous), in haste shall I set apart _as_ messengers; do thou send out against these men those who can brew (produce) heart-burning with joy, with features, and with body and sin, pleasantly, with speech small (flattery), to turn them from God's fear to thy land gods and our laws; unless thou canst follow this advice and lead them from God's love, and seek to turn thus their thought, for war nor weapon helpeth not. 4052 _ðgere_ = _gere_ = haste. At first I was inclined to take _ðgere_ for _dere_, so that _wið ðgere_ = for harm. 4053 _ten_ = _te_ (?). Or should we read, _ðe do ten vt_ = cause those to go out. 4056 _Luueke_ may be an error for _luue-like_ = pleasantly; or it may = _luue-leke_ = love; _-lec_ being a not uncommon ending of abstract nouns, as in O.E. _feirlec_, fairness, beauty. 4063 _quad_. The rhyme seems to require _quead_; _ðat ille quad_ = that wickedly spoke (advised); _ðat ille quead_ = that wicked wretch. P. 116. ll. 4086-88 God bad Moses number His folk who were first preserved from death Either twenty winters or more old, Who in Egypt were not before numbered. 4096 All others were driven in death's web. 4106-8 Leave thou not thy folk helpless, and do thou, O God, cause them to be governed just as it may be advantageous for them. P. 117. l. 4110 _loder-man_. See note on l. 3723. 4119-22 Whilst to him lasted life-days, Them he taught precious laws, And written hath committed them to them, Unless they them keep, on them shall be sorrow (misfortune shall befall them). In line 4121 the first _hem_ should be omitted. P. 118. l. 4143-4 Idolatry, that was pleasing to them, oft out-wrought (effected) for them sorrow's trouble, i. e. brought sorrow and trouble upon them. 4159-60 In such virtues grant us to come; Through which we shall be to _everlasting_ life taken. [396] See "The History of Our Lord," vol. i. p. 53. [397] The Northumbrian version reads _gedroefed_, from which the O.E. vb. _drove_. [398] Written _leasowe_. GLOSSARIAL INDEX. A, in, 271, 538, 635, 953. A, have, 2720. Abead = abad, abode, 422, 3856, 3862. A.S. _abídan_, pret. _abád_, p.p. _abiden_. Abiden, (_pl. pret._) abode, 1638, 2483, 3459. Abiden, (_p.p._) abided, remained, 2388. Abraid, awoke, arose, started up, 231, 1617, 2111, 2385. A.S. _abredan_ (pret. _abræd_). Abute, about, 3455. Abuten, about, 94, 1772, 2482. A.S. _abútan_. Abuten-schoren, circumcised, 1200. See _Schoren_. Abuuen, above, 10, 108, 332, 636, 1518. A.S. _abufan_. Adde = hadde, had (3 _pers. sing._), 240, 518, 519, 600, 1039, 1693, 1747, 2274. Adden = hadden, had (3 _pers. pl._), 239, 1480, 2451, 2545, 2546. Aftre, after, 1652. Age, awe, 432, 3546, 3632. A.S. _ege_, fear, terror, dread. Dan. _ave_, O.E. _age_, _awe_, is a northern form corresponding to the southern _eige_ or _eie_. Agen, awe, (_acc._) 192. Agen, (_a_) again, 405, 604, 606, 979, 985; (_b_) against, 562, 3373, 3375; (_c_) adverse, opposed to, 3730; (_d_) backwards, back, 1097, 3267; (_e_) towards, 1786, 1796, 1823, 1824; (_f_) for, 562. A.S. _ongean_, _agen_. See _Agon_. Agenes, against, 538, 541. Agenward, back, 1782. Ageon, against, 3912. A.S. _agean_. Aglen, to become weak, foolish, 3809. A.S. _eglian_, to ail, _egle_, troublesome; Goth. _aglo_, affliction, _aglus_, difficult. Agon, gone, 78. A.S. _agán_. Agon, again, 77, 958; against, 438; backwards, 1119; towards, 1009, 1438. Agrisen, terrified, alarmed, 667. A.S. _agrýsan_. Agt, Agte, property, possession, wealth, 742, 783, 857, 910, 924, 1858, 1867, 2017, 2090. A.S. _ágan_, (pret. _ahte_, _áhte_) to own, possess. A.S. _æht_, property. Agte, owned, 2309. Agte, ought, should, 525, 1671, 2727. Agte, fear, 3384. It literally signifies thought, anxiety, sorrow. A.S. _eaht_, estimation, _eahtian_, to meditate, devise. Ger. _acht_, care, attention, _achten_, to mind, regard. See _Hagt_. Agtes, oughtest, 1762. Agtes, moneys, 2224. Ai, ever, aye, 451, 1105. Ail, hail, 3066, 3183. Al, all, 36, 37; entirely, quite, 3059, 3098. Al abuten, all about, 96, 136. Aldre, of all; 'hure _aldre_ bale,' the bale of us all, 322; 'here _aldre_ heuedes,' the heads of them all, 2926. Algen = halgen, to hallow, keep holy, 918. A.S. _halgian_. Alle, all, 874, 896. Al-migt-ful, powerful, 2694. Almigten, Almigtin, almighty, (_sb._) 9, 3405, (_adj._) 30, 572, 3727. Als, Alse, also, 867; as, 1773, 1785, 1787, 2650; so, 1412. Also, as, 475, 643, 1238, 2212; so, 3436. A.S. _alswá_. Alswilc, Alsswilc, even as, 4108. A.S. _alswilc_ = _eallswilc_, even as, likewise. Alt = halt, holdeth (?), 924. Alter, altar, 758. Alðer-best, the best of all, 3390. Alðerneðer, beneath all, 3997. Amigdeles, almonds, 3840. Gr. αμυγδαλη; Lat. _amygdala_. Amonge, among, 700. Amongus, amonges, amongst, 1620. An (before a cons.), a, 680, 938, 951; '_an_ time,' 1435, 1487; '_an_ busk,' 2105; '_an_ kire,' 2451; '_an_ wis man,' 2649; '_an_ sel,' 2769; '_an_ steuene,' 2780; '_an_ dragen swerd,' 2843. An, in, 1605, 2789, 3086. A.S. and O.S. _an_; South Prov. E. _an_. An, and, 206, 221, 647. And = an, a, 3463. And = an, in, 1470. Andswere, answer, 3081. Andswerede, answered, 4109. A.S. _andswerian_, to answer. Anger, grief, 972. Ani, any, 48, 2181. Anog, enough, 600, 3365, 3876. Answerede, answered, 2728, 3605. Answeren, (_sb._) answer, 2673. Ant, and, 485. Apples, 1129. Arche, ark, 560, 561, 580. Arche-wold, ark-board, 576, 614. Arches, ark's, 602. Ard, hard, 1228. Arled, ring-streaked, 1723. A.S. _orl_, rim, welt, border. Arn, Aren, are, (_pl._) 16, 815, 3606, 3882. Arsmetike = arsmetrike, arithmetic, 792. Arwe, arrow, 478. As, hast, 1760. Aske, ask, 1668. Askede, asked, 1391. Askeden, (_pl._) asked, 2672. Askes, ashes, 3024. Astronomige, astronomy, 792. At, to, 554; of, 2697; in, 3790. At, ate, did eat, 337, 342, 3407. Ate, hate, 373, 3638. Atter, poison, venom, 372. A.S. _áter_, _atter_. Atteð = hatteð, is called, 813. At-wond, ceased, 3058. A.S. _ætwíndan_, to wind off, escape, flee away (pret. _ætwánd_, p.p. _ætwunden_). At-wot, disappeared, departed, 1049. A.S. _wítan_, to depart; _at_ = A.S. _æt_, as in _at-wond_, etc. Aucter, altar, 612, 625. Auter, altar, 1297, 1325. Aue, have, 2388. Auede = hauede, had, 1251. Auen = hauen, have (_inf._), 1505, 1512; (_pl._) 3680. Aueð = haueð, hath, 2425, 2469. Awai, Awei, away, 616, 810, 858, 860, 861. Aweiward, away, 3168. Awold, avail, be successful, 1671; signify, 1944, 2727; cause, 2054. A.S. _walden_, to rule, _wealdan_, to govern (p. _weold_, p.p. _wealden_). Ay, ever, always, 5, 87, 155. Ayne = ane, one, a, 2639. Bad, commanded, 41, 57, 441, 572, 618; prayed, 1462; '_bad_ meðe,' besought mercy, 3011. A.S. _biddan_ (pret. _bæd_, p.p. _beden_), to ask, pray, command. Bad, offered, gave, 2653; '_bad_ bede,' offered prayer, 1375, 2981. A.S. _beódan_ (pret. _beád_, p.p. _boden_). Bade, bad, 2436. Bak, back, 1333. Bale, sorrow, misery, calamity, destruction, 68, 322, 850, 1122, 1166; death, 1984. A.S. _bealu_. Bannede, summoned, assembled, 3213. A.S. _bannan_, _bonnan_, to proclaim. Bar, bore, took, 209, 338; gave birth to, 418, 428, 722; carried, 2078. Baren, to disclose, 1912. Barg, (pret. of _bergen_) preserved, 1330, 3477. Bargt = barg, preserved, 898. Bat, bad, 53; restored, 882; offered, gave, 1015. See _Bad_. Be, shall be, 784. Bead, bad, 1059, 2494, 2768; invited, 1056; offered, 1069; presented, 3340. Bead = abead, endured, suffered, 3105. Beames, trumpet's, 3521. A.S. _byme_, a trumpet. Beas = beast = beëst, art, 365, 366. Bed, (pret. of _bidden_) commanded, bad, 258, 1292. See _Bad_. Bed, (pret. of _beden_) offered, gave, presented, 909, 1014, 2017, 2047; (_imp._) present, 2073. Bedden, (_pl. pret._) offered, 2273; prayed to, 2498. Bede, prayer, 631, 1375, 2981. A.S. _béd_. Beden, (_p.p._) commanded, 2212. Bedes, prayers, 495, 3888. Bege, ring, 2140. A.S. _beah_, _béh_, _beág_ (g. _beáges_), a crown, bracelet, ring. Beges, bracelets, 1390. A.S. _beágas_. Bem, beam, 'heuene-_bem_' = the sun (?), 1606. Ben, to be, 15, 101, 164; are, 107, 139, 630. Bene, prayer, petition, 2511. A.S. _bén_. Ber, bore, 1701. Berdes, beards, 3584. Bere, bier, 2481. Bere, (_inf._) bear, 1465; (_subj._) 3513. Bered = bereð, beareth, 326, 2705. Berem-tem = bern-tem, family, race, 3903. Beren, (_inf._) bear, carry, 8, 118, 120, 787, 2084; (_pl. pret._) 1187, 2557; to show, 1044. Beren-tem, family, descendants, 954. Beres, (_sb._) bears, 191. Bereð, bear, (_imp._) 2243, 2248. Berg, (_sb._) defence, protector, 926. A.S. _beorh_. Berge, Bergen, to protect, 1060; (_opt._) 2529. A.S. _beorgan_ (pret. _bearh_, p.p. _borgen_). Bergles, shelterless, unprotected, 3048. Beries, berries, 2062, 2064. Bering, bearing, behaviour, 2178. Bernteam, descendant, 3748. A.S. _bearn-team_, posterity, from _bearn_, a child, and _teamian_, to generate. Best, art, 2884. Beste, beast, 194. Bet, beat, (_pret._) 483, 3958. A.S. _beót_. Bet, better, 1713, 2366, 2938, 3753. A.S. Betende, beating, 2713. Betes, beatest, 3974. Betre, Bettre, better, 1585, 1957, 2820. Betten = beten, amend, 3637. A.S. _bétan_. Beð, is, 182, 1156, 1589; shall be, 386, 4122; (_imp._) 2263, 3231. Beðen, bathe, 2447. A.S. _beþian_. Beðen, pray, entreat, 2498. O.N. _beiða_, to pray. Bi, by, 141, 1586. Bi-aften, behind, 1333, 3377. A.S. _be-æftan_. Bi-agt, ought, should, 924. Bicalleð, calls after, accuses, 2314. Bicam, became, befell, happened, 996, 1404, 2007, 2148; went, 1744. Bicrauen, (_inf._) ask, crave, 1388. Bicumen, (_inf._) become, pass, come into, 960, 1577; (_p.p._) befallen, 2227; become, 3839. Bid, intreat, pray, 2509. Bidde, intreat, 1569; command, 3454. Bidden, (_inf._) pray, beseech, 1802. Biddi = bidde, offer, 27. Bideð, biddeth, 3451. Bifel, befell, 963. Biforen, Biforn, before, 47, 219, 253, 451, 665, 905, 907, 2272. Bigan, began, 188, 236, 448, 921. Bigamie, 448, 449. Bigat, begot, 708, 709, 711, 1590; obtained, 796. Bigen, to buy, 2166, 2246. A.S. _bygan_, _bycgan_. Bigete, winnings, spoil, 896. Bigetel, advantageous, 1992. Bigeten, (_inf._) obtain, 1532; beget, 2180; require, 1666; prevail, 2021; (_p.p._) begotten, 906, 1151, 1376, 1377, 2006; acquired, obtained, 911, 2706. Biggede, dwelt, 1137. A.S. _byggan_, to build; Icel. _byggia_; O.Sw. _bygga_, to build, inhabit. Bigging, Bigginge, Biging, sojourn, abode, dwelling, 718, 762, 807; house, 3163. Biginned = biginneð, beginneth, 2538. Biginning, Biginninge, beginning, 32, 39, 521. Bigote, begotten, 2618. Bigunnen, (_pl. pret._) began, 536. Bihaluen = surround, 3355. See Havelok, l. 1834. Bihet, (pret. of _bihete_) promised. A.S. _beǽtan_, (pret. _behét_; p.p. _beháten_) to promise. Bihoten, promised, 3132. Bi-hu[f]lik (?), needful, necessary, 4108. A.S. _behóflíc_. Bilagt, taken away, 773. A.S. _ge-læccan_ (pret. _gelæhte_), take, catch, seize. Bileaf, remained, 1332, 2776; left, 3066. Bilef, remained, 671, 1346, 1516, 1791, 1801. A.S. _belífan_ (pret. _belaf_). Bileften, (_pl. pret._) dwelt, abode, 800. Bileph = bilef, remained, 2662. Bileue, should remain, 1716. Bileue, quickly, 4128. Bileuen, to remain, stay, 1766, 3114. Bileuen, remainder, 3154. Bilewen, to remain, 2233. Bilirten, deprive of by fraud, 316. Biloc, surrounded, 2684. See _Biluken_. Bilong, along of, _not_ belong, 2058. Biluken, enclosed, shut up, 104. A.S. _belúcan_ (pret. _beleác_; p.p. _belocen_). Bimen, complaint, cry, 2894. Bimeneð, bemoaneth, 2226. Bimening, mourning, bemoaning, 2484. Biment, Bimente, complained, 1217; bewailed, bemoaned, 2202, 4150. A.S. _bemǽnan_ (pret. _bimǽnde_). Binam, used, 1706. See _Binimen_. Binden, to bind, 2193, 3193. Bineðe, Bineðen, beneath, below, 10, 66, 126, 3526, 4082. A.S. _benyðan_. Binimen, to take away, 1764. A.S. _beniman_ (pret. _benám_, p.p. _benumen_). Binnen, within, 1032, 1731. A.S. _binnan_. Binumen = be taken, 1578. Binumen, bereft, taken away, 198, 772; rescued, 2876; placed, 376. Biofte, behoof, 1408. A.S. _behofian_, to behove. Bioueð, behoveth, 1159. Biquuad, ordered, appointed, 117. See _Quuad_. Biqueðen, bewail, 2448. See _Queðe_. Bird, birth, 2591. Biri, city, 2257. A.S. _burh_ (pl. _byrig_). Biried, buried, 256, 735, 2517, 3851. Biriele, tomb, sepulchre, 2488. A.S. _byrgels_. Birien, to bury, 2424. Birigeles, burial, interment, 2474. Birðe, Birðehe, birth, 441, 1177, 1187, 1484, 1497. Birðen, to be born, 1471. Birðehe, birth, 368. Birðheltre, fruit-bearing tree, 119. Bise, rule, govern, 4107. Bisek, (_imp._) beseech, 3093. Biseke, (_imp._) beseech, 4155. Biseken, to beseech, 2492, 3600. Bisen, to provide, 1313; ordained, 1411; govern, direct, 2141, 3414. A.S. _beseon_. Biset, (_p.p._) beset, surrounded, 3225. Bisette, (_pret._) beset, compassed, 2687. Bisetten, surrounded, encompassed, 1066. Bisne, blind, 472, 2822. A.S. _bisen_. Bisogt, (_p.p._) besought, asked, 3080. Bisogte, (_pret._) besought, 3236; interceded, 3693. Bispac (= bespoke), gain-said, contradicted, 1444. Bispeken, to blame, condemn, 1855. A.S. _besprécan_, to accuse, blame. Bistod, lamented, 3857. Bistoden, (_pl._) bewailed, wept for, 716, 1456. A.S. _bestanden_, to stand by. Biswiken, betrayed, deceived, 3561. A.S. _beswícan_. Bit, biddeth, 2238. Bitagt, (_p.p._) delivered, given over, assigned, 774, 1677. Bitagte, (pret. of _bitaken_ or _bitechen_) gave, 212, 782, 1185; appointed, assigned, 923, 965, 1663, 2622, 3621. A.S. _betǽcan_ (pret. _betǽhte_). Bitagten, (_pl._) delivered, consigned, 1424. Biteg, accomplished, 2878. See _Ten_. Biten, (_pl._) accomplish, 3626. See _Ten_. Biter, bitter, 3300. Bithowte, bethought, 2735. Bitid, befallen, 357, 1194, 1876, 1978, 2358, 3406. Bitidde, befell, 3861. Bitime, betimes, 1088. Bitogen, bestowed, applied, 1771; guided, directed, 3796. See _Ten_. Bitold, rescued, 920; from _bitellan_, to defend, rescue. See Orm. l. 2045, and O.E. Hom. 1st S. p. 205. Bitterlike, bitterly, 1115; angrily, 2030; severely, sharply, 3896. Biðhogte, Biðogt, Biðohte, bethought, devised, 36, 37, 1183. A.S. _beþencan_, to consider, bethink. Bitwen, between, 8, 251, 760, 1168, 1601, 2406. Biueð, trembleth, 2280. A.S. _bifian_, _beofian_. Biwaken, (_pl._) keep a wake (or vigil) for the dead, 2444. A.S. _wæcan_, to watch, wake. Blast; (_ph._) 'liues _blast_,' 201; 'hornes _blast_,' 3464. Ble, colour, hue, 457; appearance, 749. A.S. _bleo_. Blein, blain, 3027. Bles, (g. sing. of _ble_) of colour, hue, 1725. Blessede, turned aside, ceased, 3653, 3803. See _Blissen_. Bleð, timid, fearful, 2590, 3520, 3907. A.S. _bleáð_, gentle, timid. O.N. _blauðr_. Blinne, Blinnen, to cease, 289, 1963. A.S. _blinnan_. Blis, Blisce, bliss, 382, 748, 3518. Blisced, (_p.p._) blessed, 1552, 1616. Bliscede, (_pret._) blessed, 163, 897, 1546. Bliscing, blessing, 1508, 1532, 1556, 1563, 1568, 2398. Blisse, bliss, 11, 241, 2068. Blissen, to lessen, 553. Du. _bleschen_, to quench. Blisses, (_g. sing._) of bliss, 19, 383; _pl._ happiness, joys, 2350. Bliðe, blithe, joyful, 1343, 1653. Bliðelike, blithely, joyfully, 1424, 1499. Blo, blue, 637, 638. A.S. _bleo_; O.Du. _bla_. Blod, blood, 1074, 1452, 1661, 2816. Blod, woman, 1192. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. _Blod_. Blodes, of blood, 2956. Blomede, bloomed, flowered, 2061. Boc, book, 523, 2522. Bode, (_subj._) should tolerate, endure, 1594. Bode, word, message, command, 395, 621, 939, 991, 1008, 1286, 1973, 2383, 2859. A.S. _bod_, _gebod_, a command, message; _beódan_, to command, order, bid. Boden, (_pl. pret._) bad, commanded, 1067, 1096, 1971, 3544; asked for, 3169; _p.p._ bidden, 1430, 3111, 4115. Bodes, commands, rules, 3528. Bodeword, Bodewurd, commandment, prohibition, 213, 218, 361, 2282; message, 396, 2494, 2880, 2913. See _Bode_. Bofte = Bihofte, behoof, 1388. A.S. _be-hófian_, to behove. Bog, bough, 608. Boge, bow, 483, 1238. Bogt, (_p.p._) bought, 1994, 3683. Bogte, (_pret._) bought, 1996. Boken, book; _ph._ 'on no _boken_,' 4. Bokes, books, 3635. Bold, bad, 323; stubborn, 1917; boldly, 2728. Bolen. See _To-bollen_. Bond, Bonde, bond, prison, 2076, 2693; force, power, 763, 2114, 2716. Bondes, bonds, 344, 2230. Bone, prayer, petition, _boon_, 2980. O.N. _bón_; A.S. _bén_. Booc, book, 4124. Bor, (pret. of _beren_) bore, 425. Borde, table, _board_, 1210. Boren, _s. pl._ bearers, 1798. Boren, (pl. pret. of _beren_, to bear) bore, 684, 1725, 1730; _p.p._ born, 84, 220, 648, 655, 666, 1144; borne, 2512, 2518. Borgen, (p.p. of _bergen_) protected, saved, 1102, 1105, 2686. See _Bergen_. Borwen, (p.p. of _berge_) preserved, saved, 886, 3044. Bosum, bosom, 2809. Bot, (pret. of _biten_) bit, 2926. Bot, Bote, salvation, deliverance from evil, forgiveness, atonement, 24, 2957, 3598. A.S. _bót_, _bótu_; _bétan_, to amend. Boðen, both, 328, 350, 899, 1275, 1390. Brac, broke, 3100. Bras, brass, 467. Brast, (pret. of _bresten_) burst, 1808. Bread-lepes, bread-baskets, 2078. A.S. _leap_, a basket, hamper. Bred, Bread, bread, 364, 1013, 1225, 2079. Bred, (_p.p._) roasted, 1013, 3147. A.S. _brǽdan_, (p. _brǽdde_; p.p. _gebrǽd_) to melt, roast. Bredde, (_pret._) melted, 3342. Bredes, of bread, 894, 1246. Bred-wrigte, baker, 2077. Breken, break, 3147. Brekeð, breaketh, 3062. Brend, (_p.p._) burnt, 3685. Brende, (_pret._) burnt, 1108, 2668, 2778, 2779. Brend-fier-rein, rain of burning fire, 1110. Brennen, to burn, 1087, 2775, 3154. Brennen = brennende, burning, 2653. Brenninge, (_sb._) burning, 3654. Brent, Brente, burnt, 754, 1114, 1336, 2656. Brest, breast, 343, 370. Brewen, to brew, produce, 4054. Breðere, brethren, 823, 1911, 2217; brothers', 530, 2213. Brictest, brightest, 1910. Bridale, wedding, 1674. Brigt, (_adj._) bright, 132, 951; beautiful, 1058; clear, 2780; (_sb._) brightness, 143. Brigte, (_adv._) clearly, 3763. Brigtlike, clearly, brightly, 3491. Brimen, to become fertile, teem, 118; bear fruit, 1128. A.S. _breman_, to have in honour. Brimfir, burning-fire, brimstone, 754. Brinfires, burning-fires, brimstones, 1164. Bringen, to bring, 312, 738, 1067; 'bringen on' = to bring against, 2032. Briðere = breðere, brethren, 2271. Brocte, brought, 237. Brod, brood, 3712. A.S. _bród_. Brogt, (_p.p._) Brogte, (_pret._) brought, 62, 124, 219, 608, 847, 870, 874, 882, 2634. Brogten, (_pl. pret._) brought, 3546. Broðer, brother, 420, 1394. Bruc, (_imp._) enjoy, 1831. A.S. _brúcan_, (p. _bréac_; p.p. _gebrocen_) use, enjoy, eat. Buges, boughs, 2060. Bunden, (_p.p._) bound, 2216. Burdene, burden, birth, 1467. Burg, Burge, city, 812, 833, 1110, 1837. A.S. _burh_, _burg_. Burge-folc, townsfolk, 1854. Burges, cities, 746, 840. Burges, (_g. sing._) of the city, 1053, 1086. Burgt = burg, city, 727, 744, 879. Burgt-folk = burg-folc, towns-folc, people, 1063. Busk, bush, 2779. But, send out (?), 3075. It may represent the A.S. _búte_, _bútu_, both. But, Bute, unless, 3017, 3616; only, 4000. A.S. _búte_. Bute if, unless, 4059. Buteler, butler, 2092, 2115. Buten, about, 566. A.S. _bútan_. But-if, unless, 1713, 2698, 2949. Buttere, butter, 1014. Buxum, obedient, 980, 1299. A.S. _bocsum_, from _búgan_, to bend. Cald, (_p.p._) called, 3367, 3686. Calde, (_pret._) called, 1446, 1631, 1702. Calden, (_pl. pret._) called, 685. Calles, callest, 3237. Cam, came, 114, 158, 416. Can, know, 309; did, 2872. Canticle, 4124. Care, sorrow, 775. A.S. _cáru_. Carf, cut, carved, 2700. A.S. _ceorfan_, (pret. _cearf_; p.p. _corfen_) to cut, engrave. Carte-hird, collection of carts (chariots), 3215. Cartes, carts, 2362. Cast, a shadow (?), 3463. Caue[n], a cave, 1137. Chaf, chaff, 2889. Chafare, chaffer, 1951. Chare, turn, go, 2390. Charen, to turn, depart, journey, 1712, 2436, 3010, 3055, 3704, 3986. A.S. _cérran_, _círran_, to turn, pass over or by. Charite, charity, 1016. Chartre, prison, 2043. A.S. _cwartern_, a prison. Chasthed, chastity, 2022. Che, she, 1227. Cherl, churl, man, fellow, 2715. Ches, (pret. of _chesen_) chose, selected, 433, 805, 807, 1250, 2736, 3672; (_imp._) 3665. Chesen, to choose, 3429. A.S. _ceósan_, (pret. _ceás_, p.p. _córen_) to choose, select. Chidden, (_pret. pl._) chided, rebuked, 1927. Chiden, to chide, 2722. Childe, child, 966, 974. Childes, child's, 1965, 1972. Childhede, childishness, 2652. Childles, childless, 930. Childre, children, 656, 715, 722. Chirche-gong, church-going, 2465. Chirches, churches, 511, 3197. Chosen, (_pl._) chose, 543. Circumcicioun, circumcision, 992. Circumcis, circumcised, 999, 1002. Circumcise, circumcision, 2848. Circumcised, circumcised, 1200, 1202. Cisternesse, pit, cistern, 1960. Clene, clean, pure, 605, 611, 627, 777, 3454, 3637. Clense, cleanse, 3453. Cleped, Clepede, Clepit, called, 1198, 1274, 2631, 4099. A.S. _cleopian_, to cry, call. Clepeð, calleth, 3330. Clerkes, clerks, learned men, 2993. Clipping-time, shearing time, 1740. Cliued, 'he _cliued_' = _him cliueð_ = cleaves to him, 1963. Cliuen, to stick, fasten, 372. A.S. _clifian_. Cliueð, adheres, remains, 2384. Cloðen, to clothe, 2630. Colen, coals, 2653. Comb, top, crest, 2564. Du. _kam_. Come, coming, arrival, 2267. Come, should come, 464. Comen, (_p.p._) come, 344. Comen, (_pret. pl._) came, 1979, 2611, 2940. Coren, corn, 2104, 2237. Corune, crown, 2638. Corunes, crowns, 3789. Cost, nature, kind, 3327. A.S. _cost_. Icel. _kostr_, habits, character. Costful, trying, dangerous, 3880. A.S. _costian_, to try. Craflik, craftily. Crauede, craved, asked, 1418. Crauen, to crave, ask, demand, 1320, 1408, 1667, 1718, 2366, 3171. Crep, (pret. of _crepen_) crept, 2924. A.S. _creópan_, to creep (pret. _creáp_, p.p. _cropen_). Crepen, to creep, 610, 2560. Crisme, chrisom, the anointing oil, 2458. O.Fr. _cresme_, from χρισμα. Cristene, Cristenei, Christian, 7, 15. Cropen, crept, 2974. Crune, crown, 2642. Cude = cuðe, could, knew how to, 878, 2674. Cuden = cuðen, (_pl._) could, 875. A.S. _cunnan_, to ken, know (pret. _cúðe_, p.p. _cúð_). Cum, (_imp._) come, 2791. Cume, (_1st pers. sing._) come, 1037. Cume, (_p.p._) come, 1432. Cume, (_pl._) come, 2171. Cumen, (_inf._) come, 305, 505, 2337. Cumen, (_pl. pret._) came, 1065. Cumen, (_p.p._) come, 365, 410, 570, 1141, 2316. Cumeð, (_imp. pl._) come, 3485. Cunen, (_pl._) can, are able, 4054. Cuppe, cup, 2310, 2318. Cursen, to curse, 4005. Cursing, (_sb._) curse, 3926, 4037, 4038. Cuðe, could, 470, 2594, 2747; showed, 1659. Cuðen, could, 3224; knew, 2996. Cuuel-staf, a cowl-staff, a pole for carrying two-handled vessels, 3710. A.S. _ceofl_, _cawel_, a basket. Dage, days, 'of _dage_ brogten,' put to death, 3545. Dagen, to dawn, 16, 91. A.S. _dæg_, a day; _dægian_, to shine; _dagian_, to dawn; _dagung_, a dawning, daybreak. Dages, days, 3297. Dai, day, 83, 88, 93. Daiening, Daigening, Daning, dawn, 77, 1808, 3264. Daiges, day's, 3294. Daiges, days, 2455, 2471. Dain = ðain (?), a man, 1116. Dais, day's, 113, 114, 157, 158. Dais, days, 590. Dale, dale, vale, 'sorwes _dale_,' 19; 'werldes _dale_,' 142. Dalen, dale, 1931. Dalf, buried, 2718. See _Deluen_. Dan = ðan, then, 411, 613, _et passim_. Daning, dawn, 1808. See _Daiening_ and _Dagen_. Dat = ðat, 224, 232, 342. Dead, Deade, death, 312, 392, 402, 421, 2573, 3120. Dead, deed, 2983. Deades, death's, 268, 714, 3396. Deai, day, 862. Ded, Dede, death, 214, 257, 261, 265. Ded, Dede, dead, 217, 750, 2465. Dede, deed, 355, 502, 1150, 2662. Dede, did, 24, 118, 224; put, placed, 42, 576; made, 762, 2291; showed, 2757. Deden, (_pl. pret._) did, 1059, 1153; made, caused, 1522, 2100, 2560; put, 2555; fixed, 3442; gave, 3551. Dedes, death's, 344, 484, 2716. Dedes, deeds, 2459. Dedes, deeds', 551. Dedis = put them, 3830. Dei, day, 78. Deieð, dieth, 751. Deigen, to die, 3127. Del, a part, a whit, bit, 230, 1092, 567, 1062; -what, -thing, 353; parts, 3239. A.S. _dǽl_, a part. Del, (_imp._) divide, 3239. A.S. _dǽlan_, to divide, distribute. Delen, (_pl. pres._) divide, 151. Delt, divided, scattered, 670, 3243. Delte, (_pret._) divided, 941. Deluen, to bury, 2452. A.S. _delfan_, to dig, delve (pret. _dealf_, p.p. _dolfen_). Dempt, doomed, condemned, 2038. A.S. _déman_, to deem, doom. Denede = dinede, shook, quaked, 3772. A.S. _dynian_, to din. Dep, deep, 1942. Depe, Diep, deeply, 1873, 2655, 2770. Der, _deer_, animal, 169, 178, 187, 299, 4020, 4025. Dere, noble, precious, 271, 2247; dear, beloved, 403, 1569. Dere, to harm, annoy, 1588, 3514; to injure, 4047; destroy, 3566. A.S. _derian_. Dere, (_sb._) harm, hurt, 2970, 3214, 3742. A.S. _dere_, _dar_, _daru_, hurt, damage. Dered, Derede, harmed, hurt, 242, 2596, 3052. Deren, to hurt, annoy, 788, 1188, 1271, 2348. Deren, (_pl. pres._) hurt, annoy, 187, 852. Derer = dere, dear, beloved, 2399. Deres, injuries, 3088. Deres, animals, 4032. Deres-kin, animals, 556. Dereð, harms, hurts, 3818. Derke = derðe, dearth, famine, 2237, 2345. Derne, secret, 1950. A.S. _dearn_. Derre = dearly, 3683. Deserd, Desert, desert, 1227, 2737, 2770. Dew, 3325. Dhogt = ðhogt, thought, care, 1153. Dewes, dew's, 3327. Digere = diyere, dear, precious, 3483, 3484; dearer, 3903. Dik, dike, ditch, pit, 281. Dikes, ditches, 2560. Dim, dull, 286; ignorant, 3673. Dine, din, noise, 3467. Dinede, sounded, 3464. Dis = ðis, 63. Diserd, desert, 975. Do, take, put, 2781, 3604, 3819, 3822. Dogtres, daughters, 1090, 1094. Dole, part, 152. Doles, parts, 151, 3243; pieces, 952; shares, 1512. See _Del_. Doluen, (_p.p._) buried, 1895, 3200, 3685. Doluen, (_pret. pl._) dug, 3189. Domesdai, Domesday, doomsday, 105, 505, 645. Domme, dumb, 2821. Don, (_inf._) to do, cause, 194, 534, 1146, 3608. Don, (_pl. pres._) do, 311; cause, 180. Don, (_p.p._) done, 345, 3012; placed, put, 267, 381, 383, 2586, 3206. Dor = ðor, there, 668, 897. Dor-bi = ðor-bi, thereby, 1637. Doð, (_imp._) cause, 2351; do, 3727. Doð, doth, causes, 2702, 2883. Dowter, daughter, 1847, 2147, 2599, 2601, 2603. Dowtres, daughters, 2743. Dragen, (_p.p._) drawn, 3980; compiled, 13; 'to dead ... _dragen_,' put to death, 3458; 'of liue _dragen_,' slain, 3806; withdrawn, 598; led, drawn, 2046; sprinkled, 3156. Dragen, (_inf._) to draw near to, 2360, 2378. Dragen, (_adj._) drawn, 2843. Dragt, plan, 3624; way, course, 3745. Dragun, dragon, serpent, 2924. Drake, dragon, 283. Dranc, drank, 1660. Drechede, delayed, 2835. Drechen, delay, 1420, 1946. A.S. _drécan_, to trouble, oppress. Dred, dread, fear, 179, 660, 694, 698. Dredde, dreaded, feared, 767, 1868, 3008. Dredes, dread's, 2806. Dredeð, (_imp._) dread, 2343, 3129. Dredful, fearful, 3520; dreadful, 3521. Dredi, afraid, 872. Dref, trouble, 4144. See _Dreue_. Dreful, sorrowful, 2590. See _Dregen_. Dreg, suffered, endured, 429, 566, 2877. Drege, Dregen, (_pl._) endure, suffer, bear, 512, 2208. Dregen, (_inf._) to suffer, 3235. A.S. _dreógan_ (pret. _dreag_, p.p. _drogen_), to suffer, bear. Drem, Dreme, dream, 953, 2095; 'on _dreme_,' in dream, 1179. Dremen, to dream, 2067. Drempte, (_vb. impers._) dreamt, 1941, 2049, 2059, 2078, 2095. Dremes, (_pl._) dreams, 1918, 2086; (_gen._) 2112, 2114. Dreue, to trouble, 318. A.S. _dréfan_, to trouble, disturb. Drie, dry, 616. Dried, 3681. Drige, dry, 3910. Drinc, drink, 1149, 1246. Drinkelen, to drown, 2768. Drinken, to drink, 2065, 3582. Drinkilden, (_pl._) drowned, 492. Dririhed, dreariness, 1122. Driuen, (_pres. pl._) drive, 1647; (_pret. pl._) drove, fell, 4096; (_p.p._) driuen, 307, 574, 1125; practised, 1681. Drof, draff, dregs, 3582. O.Du. _draf_. Dan. _drav_; Icel. _draf_, dregs. "_Draffe_ or drosse, or matter stamped, pilumen."—(Prompt. Parv.) Drof, assemblage, 102. A.S. _dráf_. Drog, Droge, drew, 478, 1746, 1844, 3909. Drogen, (_pl._) drew, 1077. Drogen = ? drogende, suffering, 977. Drogen, (_p.p._) suffered, 1772, 2402, 2404, 2786, 3648. See _Dregen_. Drope, drop, 1018. Dropen, killed, 2648. A.S. _drepan_ (pret. _dræp_, p.p. _drepen_), to strike, wound. Drug, drew, 2717. Drugen, (_pl._) drew. Drugte, drought, dryness, 2107, 2348. A.S. _drugoð_. Drunken, drunk, 871, 1154. Dun, down, 484, 714, 1303. Dun, Dune, hill, 19, 587, 1101, 1295, 3380. A.S. _dún_. Dun-cumen, to descend, 1608. Dunes, hills, 599, 644, 855, 1100. Dune-is, down's, hill's, 1295. Dure, door, 1082. Duren, dare, 2239. Dure-pin, door pin, bolt of the door, 1078. Dure-tren, door-posts, 3155. Durste, durst, 2593, 3968. Dursten, (_pl._) durst, 1863. Duue, dove, 605, 944. Dwale, heretic, apostate, 20, 67; deceit, fraud, 4055. A.S. _dwala_, an error; _dwelian_, to deceive. Dwale, grief, complaint, 1037, 1220; strife, contest, 3404. O.E. _dule_, _dole_. Sc. _dool_. Dwelledde, dwelt, 1106. E = he, 2341, 2708. E = _he_, they, 4094. Ear, ere, before, formerly, 36, 47, 250, 284, 1089, 1757, 2562, 3080; '_ear_ ðanne,' ere that. A.S. _ear_, _ǽr_. Eares, ears (of corn), 2104. Earuermor = eauermor, evermore, 12. Ebrisse, Hebrew, 73. Eddi, pleasant, good, 2086. A.S. _eadig_. Eddi-sel = happy (pleasant) time, prosperity, 2582. A.S. _eádig_, happy, blessed; _sǽl_, time. Ef = eft, again, 2337. Eft, Efte, again, 77, 365, 1169, 4032. Egest = hegest, highest, 143, 1224. Egte, probably miswritten for _fegte_, 470. Egte, eight, 1349. Egtende, Egtenede, eighth, 1199, 1202, 2543. Eige, awe, fear, 2550, 3043. A.S. _ége_, fear, terror. Eilden, ? bake, 2892. Stratmann proposes to derive it from O.N. _elda_, to make a fire. Eld, Elde, age, 579, 705, 707, 740, 900, 1283; _on elde_, in age, 1197. A.S. _eld_, _yld_, age. Eldes, of age, 1528. Eld = held, 2999. Elles, Hell's, 4157. Elles, else, 3072; besides, 4096. Elmesse-gifte, alms-gift, 2466. Elne, ells, 563, 565, 586. Elten, knead, 2892. O.N. _elta_. (Stratmann.) Em, uncle, 1758. A.S. _eám_. Endede, ended, 166. Endesið, destruction, death, 3777. A.S. _ende_, end, _sið_, adversity. _Endesið_ may be an error for _unsið_, from A.S. _unsið_, mishap. Ending, Endinge, death, 487, 1506, 2420, 2439. Engle, Engleis, English, 14, 450, 814. Erd, Erde, land, abode, 210, 383,1131, 2094, 2406. A.S. _eard_, province, country. Erdes, abodes, lands, 956. Erdfolc, people, 1880. Erdne, Erdene, = _ernde_, errand, petition, 787, 1372, 1400, 1402. A.S. _ærend_, _ærende_, message, news. Ere = here, of them, 2855, 3773. Ereward-riche, inheritance, 1512. Du. _erfrijk_. See _Erward_. Erf, cattle, 183, 195, 910, 2746, 3018. A.S. _ærfe_, _erfe_, _orfe_, _yrfe_. Erf-kin, cattle, 3177. Ermor = eauermor, evermore, 306. Erneste, necessity, 411. Erðe, earth, 40, 116, 118, 122. Erðe-dine, earthquake, 1108, 3196. A.S. _eorð-dýne_. Erðes, earth's, 124, 1547, 1573. Erue, cattle, 169, 174, 803, 1948, 2751. See _Erf_. Eruerilc = _euerilc_, every, 160. Erward = erf-ward, heir, 934. A.S. _yrfe-weard_, an heir. Es = _is_, them, 135, 1535, 1700, 2176, 3025, 3097. Est, an error for _eft_, 607. Est, east, 829, 1449. Estdede, kindness, 2758. A.S. _este_, mild, favouring. Esterne, Easter, 3289. Et, it, 590, 3899. Eten, (_p.p._) eaten, 329; (_inf._) to eat, 364, 1531, 1538; (_pl. pres._) eat, 1779. Eðe-moðed = _eðe-moded_, appeased, 1584. Eðen = _heðen_, hence, 2188. Eði-modes = _eðe-moded_ (easy minded), kind, gentle, 2249. A.S. _eáð_, easy, gentle, mild; _eáð-mód_, easy-minded, humble. Eððede, softened, alleviated, 1439. Euen, evening, 1675. Euene, even, equally, 331. Eui, heavy, 2559. Euerilc, every, 68, 69, 121, 2407; each, every one, 2214, 2355. Euerilc del, every whit, 567. Euerilc on, every one, 185, 609. Euerilk, every, 582. Fader, father, 29, 1148. Faderes, father's, 1536, 1586, 1748, 2293. Fagen, glad, joyful, 15, 510, 854, 1331, 1343, 1551. A.S. _fægn_, _fægen_, glad; _fægnian_, to rejoice, be delighted with. Fagnede, welcomed, 1441, 1655. Fagneden, (_pl._) welcomed, 1410. Fagt, fought, 3386, 3390. Faier, Fair, Faire, (_adj._) fair, beautiful, 126, 127, 769, 1058, 1192; (_adv._) 1061. Faiernesse, fairness, colour, 1233. Faiger, (_adj._) fair, beautiful, 1440, 2636, 2659; good, 3244; (_adv._) 1396. A.S. _fæger_. Faigere, (_pl._) fair, 3547. Faigered, _fairhood_, beauty, 2666. Faire, (_adv._) decently, honourably, 2393, 3193. Faire-hed, Fair-hed, beauty, 1998, 2609. Fallen, to fall, 2734. Fand, temptation, strife, 3737. See _Fonden_. Far, Fare, (_imp._) fare, go, 737, 1288. Fare, course, journey, 1434, 1989; departure, 3179; welfare, 2771. A.S. _fær_, _faru_. Fare, (_inf._) to go, 2389. Fare, (_1st pers. sing._) go, 930. Faren, (_inf._) to go, 137, 1418, 1596, 2238; (_pl. pres._) pass away, 2153; (_p.p._) gone, 3705, 4145. A.S. _faran_, to go (pret. _fór_, p.p. _gefaren_). Fastede, fasted, 3611. Fe, goods, 439; cattle, 783. A.S. _feoh_, cattle, money, goods. Fear, far, 253, 2616. Feble, weak, bad, 1072. Fechen, Fechin, (_inf._) to fetch, 1363, 1530, 2363. Fedde, fed, 2630. Feið, faith, 2187, 2678. Feger, far, 764. Fel, fell, 72, 484; '_fel_ wel,' prospered, 1521. Felage, fellow, companion, 1761. Felde, field, 440, 1437. Fele, many, 2371, 2400, 3197. Fele, defile, dishonour, A.S. _fǽlan_, to defile; ? or 'to fele' = too much, 3498. Fellen, (_pl._) fell, 65, 287, 1854, 2272. Felte, felt, 1466. Felten, (_pl._) felt, 350. Fen, mud, dirt, 490, 2557. Fendes, fiend's, devil's, 25, 401. Fendes, devils, 512, 2922, 2929. Fendes wise, devil wise, 2961. Fer, far, 36, 47, 1238, 1256. Fer, sound, whole, 2812, 3469. Dan. _fór_; O.N. _foerr_. See Sir Gawaine and the Green Knight, l. 103. Ferde, went, 810, 1598, 1739, 3263. Ferden, (_pl._) went, 2306; acted, 2921. A.S. _féran_, to go. Ferding, army, 842. A.S. _ferd_, army; _fyrding_, an army, expedition. Fere, companion, 338; companions, 3783. A.S. _fera_, _gefera_, a companion. Feren, companions, fellows, 1275, 2845. Feren, afar, 2601. A.S. _feorran_, far from. Feres, companions, 659, 888, 2478. Ferli, wondrous, 2774. A.S. _fǽrlíc_, sudden; _fǽrlíce_, suddenly, from _fǽr_, sudden, fearful, strange. Ferlike, marvellously, 2799. Ferðe, fourth, 130, 131, 156, 157. Fest, fastened, 2703, 3797. Fest, Feste, feast, 1689, 2470, 3552. Festelike, convivially, 3407. Fet, feet, 3151. Fet, (_sing._) Fette, (_pl._) fat, 2098, 2100, 2101, 2104, 2110. Fetchden, (_pl._) fetched, 2889. Feteles, Fetles, vessel, 561, 1225, 1247, 2595, 2801. A.S. _fetels_. Feten, an error for _ſeten_, set, built, 2553 (?). It may = _fettle_. O.Fris. _fitia_; Goth. _fetjan_, to adorn. Feten, fetch, 2744. A.S. _fettan_. Fette, fetched, 1535. Fetthed, fatness, abundance, 1547. Fier, fire, 103, 464, 1140. Fier-isles, fire ashes, 1130. A.S. _ysla_, ashes. Fieres, fire's, 1142, 3786. Fif, five, 527, 746. Fifte, fifth, 158, 159, 165, 166. Fiftene, fifteen, 415, 417. Fifti, fifty, 578, 657. Fifue, Fifwe, Fiue, five, 731, 852, 854, 855. Figer, fire, 3522. Figer, Figeren, far, 3519, 3904. Figt, fight, 870, 886; struggle, 1317, 1470. Figten, (_inf._) fight, 3227; (_pl._) 3572. Figti, warlike, 546. Figures, forms, 1006. Fild, filled, 1225. Fillen, fulfil, perform, 1463. Filt, filled, 1247, 2213, 2307. Fin, ending, death, 3852. Finden, Findin, to find, 1877, 3246. Findes, findest, 1768. Fir, fire, 99, 3338. Firmament, 95, 135. Firme, first, 39, 43, 59, 75, 76, 78, 172. Firmest, first, 1472, 1682, 1826, 4086. Fis, fish, 162, 221, 299, 752. Fisses, fishes, 2945. Fled, put to flight, subdued, 3396. Fledde, fled, 3384. Fleg, fled, 430, 1136, 1745, 2806. Flegen, to fly, 479, 610. Fleges, flies, 192. Fleges, flies', 3012. Fleges-kin, flies, 3004. Flegt = fleg, fled, 3643. Fleis, flesh, 591, 1013, 2089. Fleiðing, instigation, 692. A.S. _flít_, strife, offence. Flemd, banished, 1265. Flemede, banished, 1223. A.S. _flyman_, to banish. Flen, (_inf._) to flee, 1086, 1513, (_pl._) 2685. Fles, flesh, 3316. Flesses, flesh's, 349. Flet, flowed, 644; floated, 3187. A.S. _fleótan_, to flow. Fligt, Fligte, flight, 137, 161, 277, 3012. Fliten, striven, 3689. A.S. _flítan_, to strive (pret. _flát_, p.p. _gefliten_). Flitten, to remove, 1522. Dan. _flytte_, to remove. Flod, Flode, flood, 596, 644, 1112, 3186. Flodes, flood's, 2096. Flogen, (_pl._) flew, 861, 3677; (_p.p._) fled, flown, 1750, 3795. Flotes, swimming's, floating's, 162. A.S. _flótan_, to swim, float; _flót_, a float, raft. Stratmann compares _flote_ with O.H.Germ. _floza_ pinna. Floten, (_pl._) floated, 2946. Flum, flood, 490; river, 806, 2486; sea, 1123. Flures, flour's, 1013. Fo, few, 2403. A.S. _feáw_, _feá_. Fode, food, 176, 894, 3146. Fodme, productions, 124, 125. A.S. _fadung_, setting in order, disposition. Fol, full, 211. Folc, folk, people, 697, 770, 894. Folckes, folk's, 4034. Folged, (_p.p._) followed, 239. Folgede, (_pret._) followed, 204, 1866. Folgen, to follow, 28, 3272. Folkes, folk's, people's, 2785. Folkes-kin, people, 1864. Folwede, followed, pursued, 880, 3187. Folwede on, pursued, 1751. Folwen, to follow, 401. Fon, foes, 2610, 2693. Fond, trial, 336; need, want, 3150. Cf. Du. _vond_, scheme, device. See _Fonden_. Fond, Fonde, found, 440, 1280, 1397, 1933, 2324. Fondeden, (_pl._) tempted, 3368. Fonden, to try, 2938; to seek, 3476, 3946. A.S. _fandian_, to try, tempt, seek, search out. For, (_pret._ of _fare_) went, 743, 763, 1337, 2709. For, whether, 2651. Forbead, Forbed, forbad, 213, 311, 1329, 2932, 2984. Forbi, against, 3988. Forbode, prohibition, 324. Forboden, forbidden, 325. A.S. _forbeódan_, to forbid, prohibit. Forbone, an error for _forbode_, command, law, 3341. Forbrac, broke down, 3049. A.S. _for-brecan_, to break in two. Forbrende, burnt up, consumed, 3784. Fordede, killed, 426. A.S. _for-dón_, to destroy. Fordred, afraid, 1557, 1763, 2191. Fore, departure, 2984. A.S. _fór_, _fóru_, _faru_, a way, journey. Foren, before, 3541, 3866. A.S. _fóran_, before. Foren, (_pl._) went, 2482. See _Fare_. For-fare, For-faren, to perish, 1087, 1134, 3018. A.S. _for-faran_. Forfrigted, afraid, frightened, 3519. Forgaf, forgave, 2499. Forgat, forgot, 2092. Forgeten, (_inf._) to forget, 912, 1400, 1806; (_p.p._) forgotten, 1152, 2179, 3128. For-hadede, consecrated (by burning), 3338. A.S. _hadian_, to consecrate. ? for-ha[r]dede, hardened. For-held, withheld, 2026. For-hele, (_subj._) hide, 3512. For-helen, (_inf._) to hide, 2593. A.S. _for-hélan_, to hide, conceal. For-hid, hidden, concealed, 1875. For-hirked, tired of, 3658. A.S. _earg_, slothful, dull, timid; _yrhð_, sloth, fear. For-holen, For-olen, (_p.p._) concealed, hidden, 1747, 1759, 1870, 2317, 2331, 3446. For-hugede, rejected, 3814. A.S. _for-hugian_, to despise. Forles, lost, 189, 259, 502, 808. A.S. _for-leósan_, to lose. For-leten, (_pl._) forsook, 4068. For-listede, from _forlisten_, to desire greatly, yearn for (see Orm. l. 11475); or does forlistede = deceived (?), 1851. Cf. Ger. _list_, craft, deceit. For-loren, (_pret. pl._) lost, 241; (_p.p._) 1886, 2511, 3468; accursed, reprobate, 546; destroyed, 1143. For-numen, taken away, 2228. See _Nimen_. For-quat, wherefore, 1657, 2053. For-red, deceived, 2192. A.S. _forrǽdan_, to mislead, deceive. For-sake, deny, 1767. For-saken, refused, 3811. For-sanc, sank entirely, 1114, 1117. For-soc, refused, 1833. For-sweðen, burn up, consume, 1140. O.N. _sviða_, to burn, consume. Forð, forth, away, forward, 249, 262, 578. For-ðan, therefore, 1190, 1261; because, 1996; thereupon, 3162. Forð-do, utter, 3993. Forðe, perform, 1372. Forðen, to promote, further, accomplish, 341, 4080; follow, 4059. A.S. _fyrðrian_, to further, support. Forðere, further, 1304, 3488. Forð-for, departure, exodus, 3158. A.S. _forð-faru_. Forð-geden, (_pl._) passed, 1755. See _Gede_. Forð-glod, passed away, 113, 129, 157. See _Glod_. Forð-gon, extended, 835; pass, 845; gone, 2819. Forði, therefore, wherefore, 1581, 1591. A.S. _forði_. Forð-nam, forth went, 3351. See _Nimen_. Forð-nimen, proceed, 2676. Forð-numen, passed, 3640. Forð-wexen, (_pl._) passed, 1211. For-token, token, sign, 2994. Forward, covenant, agreement, 1719, 1992, 3014. A.S. _for-weard_. Forwerti, _fowertieðe_, fortieth, 3439. For-went, changed, 1121. See _Wente_. For-weried, fatigued, 3894. For-wrogt, accursed, 266. Fostre, foster, nurse, 2620, 2624, 2625. Fostred, fostered, brought up, 2618. Fot, Fote, foot, 376, 1303, 1474; '_to fot_,' at the feet, 2497. Foueles, fowls, birds, 570, 947. Foure, Fowre, four, 559, 814, 816, 852. Fowerti, fourty, 583, 589, 601, 3348. Fowrtende, fourteenth, 3143. Frame, profit, advantage, 133, 173, 626, 1837; benefit, 2540. Framen, to profit, serve, 1642; use, 3146. A.S. _framian_, to avail; _freme_, profit, gain. Fre, free, 623, 3244. Freinen, to question, 1047; inquire, ask, 1426, 1643, 1792. A.S. _fregnan_, to inquire, interrogate. Freinede, inquired, 2759. Frelike, freely, 2800. Fremen, to strengthen, aid, comfort, 173, 1245. A.S. _fremian_, to profit, prosper, do well. Fremeðe, force, lust, 349. A.S. _freom_, strong. Fren, to deliver, rescue, 2787. A.S. _freón_, to set free. Frend, friend, 1084, 3587. Frend, friends, 1775. Frendes, friend's, 1270; friends', 1392, 1597. Frenkis, French, 81. Freten, to eat, devour, 371, 4027; (_p.p._) devoured, 2101. A.S. _fretan_, to eat, _fret_ (pret. _fræt_, p.p. _freten_). Frigt, fright, fear, 1234. Frigted, Frigtede, feared, 1861, 3978; frightened, 1757. Frigtful, timid, 3459. Frigti, timid, frightened, afraid, 667, 1162, 1331, 2849; formidable, 984. Frigtihed, fear, awe, 542, 2222. Frigtilike, Frigtlike, timidly, 1617, 2163, 3870. Frið, protection, safety, 681, 683, 789. Friðe, Friðen, preserve, protect, 786, 1070, 2335; deliver, 3094; prosper, 1520. A.S. _frið_, peace; _friðian_, to make peace, protect, defend, keep, free. Fro, from, 89, 261; from the time that, 3206; ph. _fro ðan_, from that time, 188; from that place, 1247; _fro ða_ = _fro ðan_, 1264. O.N. _frá_. Froren, frozen, 97. Cf. _frore_ (Milton); and _forloren_ from _forleosan_. Froskes, frogs, 2977; frogs', 2969. A.S. _frosc_. Froðer[ed]e, comforted, 893. A.S. _freoðian_, to protect, give peace to. Froward, from, 3322. Froure, comfort, consolation, 54. A.S. _frofer_, comfort; _frofrian_, to comfort. Fruit, 216. Fuel, fowl, 160, 161, 1124. Fueles, fowls, 16. Fugel, foul, 2556. Fugel, fowl, bird, 221, 299. A.S. _fugel_. Fugeles, fowls, 2081, 2089, 3323, 3679. Fugel-fligt, fowl-flight, 3321. Ful, full, 109, 110, 111. Fulfillen, perform, 1222. Fulfilt, accomplished, 1950. Fulsum, rich, plenteous, abundant, 748, 2153. Fulsum-hed, abundance, 1548, 2128, 2297, 3320. Fultum, aid, help, 2824, 3929. A.S. _fultum_, help. Funde, Funden, (_pl._) found, 1973, 2948, 3298, 3299. Funden, (_p.p._) found, 3190, 3366; discovered, 3301. Funden, to go, 2831, 2958. A.S. _fundian_, to go forward. Fundend = _funden et_, found it, 1082. Funt, font, 3290. Gad, a rod, 3185. A.S. _gád_, goad. Gaderen, gather, 2134, 3335. Gaf, Gafe, gave, 232, 238, 681, 1500. Gamen, pleasure, 411, 2015; sport, 3498; tricks, 1214. A.S. _gamen_. Gan, did, 91, 1417, 1421. Gare = _yare_, soon, quickly, 390, 2866, 3180. A.S. _gare_, _gearo_. Garen, prepare, get ready for a journey, 1417, 1595; exhibit, show, 138; to hasten, 3168. A.S. _gearwan_, _gyrwan_, to make ready, prepare. Garkede, arrayed, 3261. Garknede, prepared, 3240. O.E. _yark_; A.S. _gearcian_, to prepare, make ready. Gast, ghost, 202, 2428. A.S. _gást_. Gastes, ghost's, 1486, 2994. Gat, Gatte, Gatten, granted, 635, 1574, 2477, 2513; gave, 659. A.S. _geatan_, to grant. O.N. _geta_. Ge = ghe, she, 1024. Ge, ye, 329, 330. Geald, requited, 2581. See _Gelden_. Gede, went, 618, 1236, 1947, 3057. Geden, (_pl._) went, 1034, 3195; passed away, 1673. Gef, if, 311. Geld, (_pret._) performed, 1884; requited, 2758; (_imp._) requite, 2152. Gelden, to requite, reward, 6; pay, 1628. A.S. _geldan_, to pay, yield, restore (pret. _geald_, p.p. _golden_). Gelus, jealous, 3495. Gem, heed, 2614. A.S. _geame_, _gyme_, care. Geming, care, protection, 2783. A.S. _gýman_, to take care of, preserve. Ger, year, 150, 152. Ger, years, 415, 419. Gerde = _yard_, rod, 2851, 2987. A.S. _geard_. Gere, an error for _dere_, precious, 1574. Geren, set in order (for burial,) 2441. See _Garen_. Geres, years, 2153. Gerken, prepare, 2255. See _Garknede_. Gerneden, (_pl._) yearned, 3657. Geste, guest, 1054; guests, 1070. Gestning, feast, festival, 1507. A.S. _gyst_, a guest; _gystenlíc_, hospitable. Get, (_pret._) poured, flowed, 585; (_imp._) pour, 2815. A.S. _geótan_, to pour, pour out, shed (pret. _geát_, p.p. _gegoten_). Get, Gete, yet, 313, 375, 503, 1488. Gete, obtain, get, 1497. Geten, melt, cast, 3548. See _Get_. Getenes = _yetenes_, giants, 545. A.S. _eóten_, a giant. Getenisse, gigantic, 3715. Gette, poured, 582. Geue, given, 301. Geuelic, like, 282. A.S. _ge-efenlǽcan_, to be like. Geuelengðhe (even length), equinox, 147, 149. Geuen, to give, 1508, 2398; given, 2458. Ghe = she, 237, 337, 339. Ghe = _ghet_, yet, 1477. Gif, (_imp._) give, 1492. Giftes, gifts, 1416. Gildes = _cildes_, child's, 2624. Gilt, Gilte, guilt, 2262, 2409. Ging, king, 2547. Ginge, young, 4049. A.S. _ging_. Ginges, king's, 3932. Girt, girded, 3149. Gisarme, pike, axe, 4084. Gisce, covet, 3515. Giscing, covetousness, 1874, 3432, 3516. A.S. _gítsung_, desire. Gisse, covetest, 3517. A.S. _gítsian_, to desire. Gister-dai, yesterday, 2732. Giuen, to give, 11, 1613. Glað, Glaðe, = _glade_; glad, 1779; 2297, 3671. Glente, looked affrighted, stared in astonishment, 1029. It signifies originally merely to shine, look. "Þys persone lay and lokede furth Vntyl a cofre yn þe florthe; Þar-to þe frere gaf gode tente Whyderwarde hys eyȝen _glente_." —(Robt. of Brunne's Handlying Synne.) Glew, music, 459. A.S. _gleó_. Gliden, (_inf._) to glide, go, 370, 952; flowed, (_pret pl._) 733; (_p.p._) passed, 3460. Glod, glided, passed, 76, 113, 129. Gnattes, gnats', 2988. God, Gode, good, 1191, 1545, 1576. God, goeth, 2030. Gode, '_to gode_,' gratuitously, 2890. Gode-frigtihed, Godes-frigtihed, god-fearingness, the fear of God, 495, 542. Godfulhed, godhead, 56. Gol = gold, 1872. Godun, (_acc._) good, 1430. Golhed, lust, 534. A.S. _gál_, wanton; _gálnes_, lust. Gon, (_inf._) to go, 643, 845, 2561; (_pl._) go, 3124; (_p.p._) gone, 639, 835; departed, 4128. Goren, darts, 3458. A.S. _gár_, a dart, javelin. Got, goat, 940. Goð, (_imp._) come, 3585. Goð, God, 4132. Goue, should give, 3941. Gouel, tax, tribute, 844, 846, 848. A.S. _gafel_, _gafol_, tax, tribute. Gouen, (_pl._) gave, 844, 2922, 2975. Grantede, consented, 1423. Grapte, felt, grasped, 1544. A.S. _grápian_, to feel, grope. Gram, fierce, 1228. A.S. _gram_, furious, fierce. Grauen, (_inf._) to bury, 3778; (_p.p._) dug, 1138; buried, 2431; carved, 2701, 3186, 3624. Grauen, an error for _þrauen_, control, 276. A.S. _þrafian_, to urge, compel. Graunte, grant, 2536. Gred, (_sb._) cry, clamour, 3230, 3717. Gredde, cried, 3585. A.S. _grædan_, to cry, call. Gredi, hungry, 1494. A.S. _grǽdig_, greedy, from _grædan_, to cry, call for. Goth. _gredags_, hungry. Grei, grey, 1723. Greim, grievous, hard, 392. A.S. _gremian_, to make severe or cruel; _grim_, rage; _grim_, sharp, bitter. Greiðet, hastens, 1738. O.N. _greiða_, to make ready. Grene, green, 608, 2775, 2776. Gres, grass, 3049, 3088. Gresseoppes, grasshoppers, locusts, 3065. A.S. _gærshoppa_, grasshopper. Gret, great, 2098, 3226. Gret, grit, earth, 3774. A.S. _greót_, dust, earth. Gret, (_sb._) weeping, 3888. Gret, wept, 1975, 2287, 2341. A.S. _grǽtan_, to weep (pret. _grét_; p.p. _grǽten_). Grete, (_pl._) great, 2892. Greten, (_pl._) wept, cried, 3207, 3659. Greteð, greeteth, 2382, 2864. Greueð, grieveth, 3818. Grið, protection, safety, security, 469, 560, 682, 1397. A.S. _grið_, peace, protection; _griðian_, to protect, defend. Grot, weeping, mourning, lamentation, 1577, 1978, 2289, 3717. See _Gret_. Groten, to bewail, 1984. Grucheden, murmured, 3354. Gruching, murmuring, 3318. Grund, Grunð, ground, 2110, 2640, 3278. Grunden, (_pret. pl._) ground, 3339. Grusnede, groaned, 481. O.N. _grijsen_, _grijnsen_, to snarl, grin. Ger. _grausen_, to shudder, _grunzen_, to grunt. Gu, you, 325, 399, 2260. Guglond, kingdom, 1264. Gulden, (_pl._) requited, 1062; (_p.p._) requited, 927. Gummes = _gimmes_, gems, 2700. A.S. _gimm_. Gunc, you two, 2830. A.S. _inc_. Gund, Gunde, yonder, 1101; there, 3851. A.S. _geond_. Gune, (_pl._) did, 3135. Gunen. See _Gunne_. Gunge, young, 2281, 2756. Gungere, younger, 1508, 1510. Gungest, Gunkeste, youngest, 1909, 2160, 2190. Gunker, of you two, both your, 398. A.S. _incer_. Gunne, Gunnen, Gunen, (_pl._) did, 218, 534, 540, 592, 1344, 1953, 2378, 2492, 2755. Gur, Gure, your, 404, 2178, 2260; of you, 2318, 3471. Guð, youth, 2665. A.S. _gugoð_, youth. Hadde, (_pret._) had, 193, 3392. Hadden, (_pret. pl._) had, 413, 2930. Hagte = _agte_, possession, wealth, 431, 2582. See _Agte_. Hagt = _agt_, sorrow, grief, care, 486, 2044, 2082. See _Agte_. Haigre, hair cloth, 1977. See Allit. Poems, C. 373. A.S. _hæra_, sackcloth. Halge, hallow, 3501. Halle, all, 2340. Hali, holy, 54; '_hali_ day,' 3501; '_hali_ gast,' 202, 2438. Halp, helped, succoured, 26. Ham, am, 926. Hane, torment, oppression, 3354. A.S. _hýnan_, to hurt, vex; _hean_, poor; _hænð_, want. Hangen, hanged, 4075. Hard, obstinate, 3061; (_adv._) hard, 3386. Harde, troublesome, difficult, 2054; severely, 3355. Hardi, fearless, 2121. Hardnesse, obstinacy, 3022, 3067. Haswed, spotted, variegated, 1723. A.S. _haso_, livid, dusky, dark, rugged, _haswig_, variegated. Hatte, called. See _Het_. Hatel, severe, cruel, 2544. A.S. _hétol_; S.Sax. _hatel_. Heg, Hege, high, 2011; loud, 2780, 3380, 4100. A.S. _heg_, _heh_. Hegere, higher, upper, 3392. Hegest, highest, 30, 2142. Heilnesse, health, 2068. A.S. _hǽlnes_, wholeness, health. Helde = _eld_, age, 457, 1527. Heled, healed, 229. Helden, (_pl._) held, 285. Helden, to hold, 3274. Held forð, took, 165. Heli, holy, 51, 204. Helid, covered, 1636. A.S. _hélan_, to cover, conceal. Prov. E. _hele_, _hile_. Helle, hell; '_helle_-dik,' 281; '_helle_-bale,' 2525; '_helle_-dale,' 1983; '_helle_-pine,' 2530. Helles, hell's, 22. Helpe, (_vb._) help, 2528; (_sb._) help, assistance, 496, 1802, 2647. Helped, helpeth, 4062. Helpeles, helpless, 3558. Helpen, to help, 176, 1272. Helpes, helpers, 3409. Helðe, health, safety, 2344. Hem, an error for _him_, 180. Hem, them, 392, _et passim_. Hem-seluen, themselves, 537, 2889. Hemward; _to h._, to them, 2726. Hende, Henden, near, 3361, 3370. O.E. _i-hende_; A.S. _ge-hende_, _hende_. Heug, hung, 3899. Hente, seized, caught, struck, 2715. A.S. _hentan_, to seize. Her, here, 170, 175, 177, 184. Her = _here_, of them, 2258. Her, hear, 3525. Her = _er_, before, 801. Her-after, here-after, 243. Herberge, lodging, 1392. Herberged, lodged, 1602. A.S. _here-bergan_, to lodge, harbour, from _here_, an army. Herbergen, to lodge, 1057. Her-bi, hereby, 3572. Herdes, (_gen._); uten herdes = out of (his) own country, 2410. Herdes-folc = _erdes-folc_, land-folk, people, 3372. Herde, heard, 1285, 1611. Herden, (_pl._) heard, 1139, 3492, 3521. Here, theirs, 1920. Here, army, host, 1787, 2679. A.S. _here_. Here, hear, 3426, 3473. Here-gonge, invasion, 848. Here[n], expedition, 2479. See _Here_. Heren, to hear, 1370, 2531. Herf = _erf_, cattle, 2991. Herte, heart, 518, 520, 1302; _g.s._ of heart, 2936; courage, 3253. Herte-bren, heart-burning, lust, 4054. Hertedin, encouraged, consoled, 1980. Hertes, hearts, 1917. Herting, consolation, 1982. Herðe, an error for _herte_, heart, 2856. Herðe = _herde_ = _erde_, land, 806. Het, promised, 2365, 2954; was called, 2588, 2589, 3333. A.S. _hátan_, to command, promise (pret. _hét_, p.p. _háten_); _hátan_, to call (pret. _hátte_). Hete, heat, 1228, 1229. Heten, (_pl._) promised, 3450. Heðen, hence, 1644, 2508. O.N. _hëðan_. Heued, Heuod, head, 376, 1193, 1604. Heuedes, heads, 2926. Heued-welle, spring, 868. Heuene, Heuone, heaven, 40, 270; '_heuene_ bem' (the sun?), 1606; '_heuene_ dew,' 1547, 1573; '_heuene_ gate,' 1620; '_heuone_ hil,' 281; '_heuene_ rof' (heaven-roof, firmament), 101. Heuene-ward, heaven-ward, 3025. Heuerilc, every, 368. Heui, heavy, 2565. Heuones, heavens, 287. Hewe, form, 4051, Hic = _ic_, I, 34, 2783. Hicte = _higte_, was called, 713. See _Hiegt_. Hidden, (_pl._) hid, 3028. Hidel-like, secretly, 2882. Hiden, to hide, 352. Hider, hither, 2344, 2895. Hiegt, threatened, 217. A.S. _héht_, pret. of _hátan_, to promise. Higte, was called, 747. Hil, hill, 1290, 1293. Hiled = _hileð_, covers, encloses, 102; (_p.p._) hidden, concealed, 3184. See _Helid_. Himseluen, himself, 1338. Hin, Hine, him, 47, 3004, 3468. Hine-folc, servants, 3655. A.S. _hína_, _híne_, a domestic. Hines-kin, servants, 3776. Hinke = _inke_, fear, dread, 432. A.S. _inca_, doubt. Hird, flock, 2988; host, 3222, 3261, 3263, 3266; household, 1001. A.S. _heord_, _herd_. Hird, hurt, 3962. Hirde, shepherd, 456. A.S. _hirde_. Hirde-men, shepherds, 2395. Hirdenesse, Hirdnesse, herds, flocks, 1664, 1732, 1930, 2771. Hirdes, shepherds, 1643. Hire, wages, 1718, 1722. Hire, her, 238, 322; hers, 2035. His = is, 2935. His, Hise, his, 44, 45, 46; its, 125. Hogt, called (?), 2119. See _Higte_. Hol, whole, 1835, 2776, 2812. A.S. _hál_. Hold, old, 419, 424, 1453. Hold, kind, attentive, 1389; true, faithful, 2704, 3284. A.S. _hold_, faithful, friendly, true. Hold, (_adv._) truly, 3941. Holden, (_pl._) hold, 1201, 2236; (_p.p._) held, 1425, 2040; esteemed, 1518. Holdet, holdeth, 1132. Holdelike, faithfully, truly, 1546. A.S. _holdlíce_. Holocaust, Holocaustum, 1319, 1326. Holpen, (_pl_.) helped, 3382, 3674. Holðe, possession, property, 1772. Hom, home, 1711. Homward, homeward, 1431, 2376. Hond, hand, 104, 959. Hondes, hands, 3383, 3385. Hor = or = before, 958. See _Or_. Hore, whore, 4082. Horedom, whoredom, adultery, 3509. Hore-men, adulterers, 4072. Hore-plage, adultery, 530, 4067. Hornes, horn's, 3464. Hostel, lodging, 1397. O.Fr. _hostel_, _hosteil_. Hot, promise, 935. Hoten, Hotene, (_p.p._) called, 101, 1566, 2522; promised, 2508, 3704, 4098, 4118. See _Het_. Hoteð, (_imp._) promise, 2510. Hu, how! 3077. Hu, how, 244, 295. Hun-frame, disadvantage, evil, 554. A.S. _unfreme_. Hunger, famine, 1513, 2150. Hunger-bond, force of hunger, famine, 763. Hungri gere, famine years, 2136. Huni, Hunige, honey, 2788, 3340. Hunkinde, unnatural, 534. Hunne, grant, 2249. A.S. _unnan_, to grant. Hunte, delay, 314. Huntere, hunter, 1481. Hun-wreste, wicked, 537. A.S. _wræst_, good; _unwræst_, base. Hure, our, 322, 2206. Hus, house, 1619, 2010. Huses, houses, 1602. Hus-folc, household, 3139. I, Ic, I, 309, 314, 315, 317. Idel, 'in _idel_,' in vain, 3497. Ideles, idols, 3197. Idelhed, vanity, 28. Iglic, ugly, 2918. See _Uglike_. Ik = ilk, same, 73. Ilc, Ilk, each, 68, 119, 134. A.S. _ælc_. Ilc, Ilke, same, 258, 313, 1184. Ilc-kinnes, of each kind, 220. Ilc-on, each one, every, 1379. Ille, ill, wicked, 1916, 4038, 4063; badly, wickedly, 1706, 4029. In = hin = him, 3887. In-gon, entered, 1068. In-wis = iwis, truly, indeed, 1515, 2521. A.S. _gewís_. Irin, iron, 467. Is, his, 482, 483, 1737. Is = his, its, 327. Is, them, 1702, 1768, 1769, 1770, 1833, 1873, 1877, 2654, 2655, 3115, 3831, 3832. Ist = is it, is there, 1121. It, they, 298, 1920. It, there, 2808. Iurnes, days' journeys, 1291, 3696. Iusted, allied, intermarried, 1589. Iuel, Iwel, (_sb._) evil, 328; (_adj._) bad, evil, 310, 502, 3718; (_adv._) wickedly. I-wis, I-wisse, truly, indeed, 91, 109. I-wreken, avenged, 1856. I-wrogt, wrought, 3215. Kagte, pret. of _catch_, drove, 949. Kalues, calf's, 1013. Kamel, camel, 1398. Kameles, camels, 1365. Kenned, taught, 216. A.S. _cennan_, to adduce, to vouch the truth. Kep, care, heed, 939, 946, 1333, 2602. A.S. _cépan_, to _keep_, heed. Kepen, to keep, look to, 2453, 3378. Kepte, kept, 2625. Kepten, (_pl._) kept, 2772. Kid, made known, 2357. Kidde, made known, 1651. Kiddit, showed it, made it known, 1394, 1654. Kides, kids, 1535; kid's, 1967. Kin, family, kin, 652. Kinnes, kin's, 756, 828. Kinde, natural, 78; native, 1279. Kinde, kind, nature, 185, 250, 457. Kinde, kin, family, 488, 650. Kindelike, _kindly_, with natural affection, 2500. Kinderedes, kindreds, 4127. Kindes, kinsmen, 1549; 'in _kindes_ wune,' kin-wise, naturally, 1345; 'aftre _kindes_ wune,' after the manner of relatives, 1652; family's, tribe's, 1389, 3824. Kinge-riches, kingdoms', 2789. Kipte, seized, 3164. O.N. _kippa_. See Allit Poems, B. 1510, and Gloss., s.v. _Kyppe_. Kire, purity, 451; choice, 1536; custom, 1693, 2451. A.S. _cýre_, choice; Ger. _küren_, to choose. Kiste, kissed, 1652, 2355. Knape, man-servant, 477, 482; male, 2585. A.S. _cnápa_, a man. Knapes, boys, 2573. Knaue, male child, 1151. Kne, degree, 444. A.S. _cneo_. Knewen, (_pl._) knew, 2904. Knigt, knight, 283. Knol, knoll, top, 4129. A.S. _cnoll_. Knowen, know, 2872; known, 3037. Komen, (_pl._) came, 2577. Kude = _cuðe_, could, 2114, 2366. Ku[n]glond, kingdom, 1262. Kumeling, stranger, 834. O.H.Ger. _chomeling_. O.E. _comeling_. Kumen, to come, 399, 984, 1007. Kumen, (_p.p._) come, 902, 1556. Kuppe, cup, 2047. Kuð, renowned, 2666. A.S. _cúð_, known. Kuðe, could, 289. La, lo! 3113. Lage, marriage, 538; 'in _lage_,' in marriage, 2764. Cf. Goth. _liugan_, to marry, _liuga_, wedlock. Lages, Laiges, laws, 2446, 2456. Lagt, seized, 2081, 2621; caught, 3141. A.S. _læhte_, pret. of _læccan_, to seize. Laken, to fail, lack, 1231. O.E. _lac_, _lak_, fault. Du. _lack_, want, fault; _laecken_, to decrease. Laten = _leten_, to let, 3071. Laðes, barns, 2134. Dan. _lade_. Lay, law, 1201. Leate, (_imp._) leave, 1811. Leateð, (_imp._) let, 3726. Leaued, leafy, 3839. Lecher-crafte, lechery, 1064. Lecher-fare, lechery, 776. Lecherlike, lecherously, 770. Lecherie, lechery, 3510. Lechur-hed, lechery, 1997. Led, song, 27. A.S. _leoð_. Ger. _lied_. Led, (_p.p._) brought, 649; (_imp._) lead, 3607. Ledde, (_pret._) led, 89, 92. Leddede = _ledde_, led, 3995. Ledden = _ledde_, led, 2845. Ledden, (_pl._) led, 858, 1990. Leded = _ledeð_, (_imp._) lead, pass, 398. Leden, to lead, 2193; pass, 304; take up, 699; act, 2301, 2304. Leddre, ladder, 1607. Leet, left, 1280. A.S. _lǽtan_, to leave (pret. _lét_, p.p. _lǽten_). Lef, agreeable, pleasant, 340, 2664; dear, precious, 793, 1774, 3431; joyful, 4136. A.S. _leóf_. Lefful, dear, precious, 155, 2524; faithful, 3447. Legeð, lies, speaks falsely, 1281. Leid, (_p.p._) laid, 817, 2426, 2427. Leide, (_pret._) laid, 943, 2693. Leiden, (_pl._) laid, 1969. Leigen, (_pl._) lay, 1920. Leiste, least, 198. Leið, layeth, 3994. Leman, wife, 782. A.S. _leof-man_. Len, reward, 2838. Lene, lean, 2099, 2101, 2106. Lene, grant, 4159. Lened, leaned, 1610. Lenen, lend, grant, 3170. A.S. _lǽnan_. Leng, Lengere, longer, 1594, 1736. Lentil, 1488. Lep, leapt, 2726. Lepre, leprosy, 3690. Lered, learned, 4. Lerede, taught, instructed, 791, 2300, 2963; learnt, 1383. Lereden, (_pl._) learned, 3137. Leren, to learn, 354. A.S. _lǽran_, to teach, inform. Lereð, (_imp._) learn, 3486. Les, less, 3595. Les, delivered, _loosed_, 2874. Les, falsely, 3498. A.S. _leas_, false. Lese, lie, 3514. Lesen, loosed, 3152; deliver, 2897. Lesing, lies, 2578. Lesse, less, 994. Leste, least, 189. Lested, Lestede, lasted, 600, 2952, 4147. Lested = _lesteð_, lasteth, 111. Lested = _lesteð_, (_imp._) listen _or_ perform, 2510. Lesteful, everlasting, 304. Lesten, (_inf._) to last, 12; (_pl._) last, 4119. Lesten, to perform, 2906. Ger. _leisten_. "And thei ben false and traiterous and _lasten_ not that thei bihoten."—(Mandeville.) Let, '_let_ ben' = let be, 1809. Let, pretended, 2168. A.S. _lǽtan_, to pretend (pret. _lét_, p.p. _lǽten_). Let, left, 725, 809. Let, (_p.p._) led, 476. Lete, (_sub._) permit, 2796. Leten, (_inf._) to let, permit, 3056; lose, 767. Leten, (_inf._) forsake, 4142. Leten, (_pl._) left, forsook, 542; allowed, permitted, 629, 2610. Letten, to leave, 2612. Letting, hindrance, 1076, 3204. Lettre, letter, 993, 2527. Leð, diminution, 3348. Leunes, lions, 191. Leue, dear, precious, 90, 2421, 2868; dearly, 49. A.S. _leóf_. Leue, grant, 2532. Leue, leave, permission, 784, 805. Leuede, believed, 935. Leuedi, lady, 968, 980, 2616. Leueles, without leave, 1848. Leuelike, kindly, 2275; gladly, joyfully, 3434. Leuene, lightning, 3265. Leuenes, lightning's, 3046. Norse _ljón_, _ljún_. Leuerd = louerd, lord, 33. Leues, leaves, 352. Lewse, pasture, 1576. A.S. _lǽsu_ (acc. _lǽswe_), _lǽswian_, to pasture. Ley, lay, 4113. Lich, Liche, body, corpse, 2441, 2488, 4140. A.S. _líc_. Liches, bodies, 2447, 3206. Licham, Lichame, body, 200, 350. A.S. _líchama_, the (living) body. Lichles, corpseless, 3164. Liderlike, Liðerlike, treacherously, 3562; wickedly, deceitfully, 1563. See _Liðer_. Lif, life, 176, 267, 504; 'in _lif_,' alive, 1364. Ligber, Lucifer, 271. A.S. _lig-bǽr_, flame-bearing. Ligið, lies, 889. Ligt, light, 44, 53, 57. Ligt, descended, come upon, 2787. Ligt, soon, 2252. Ligten, to descend, 1983. Ligtlike, lightly, 1218. Ligtnesse, insight, knowledge, 1559. Lik, like, 223. Likede, pleased, 2299, 4029. Likeles, dissimilar, 1726. Likenes, Likenesse, Liknesse, likeness, 202, 678, 682, 684, 688, 2641. Likenesses, 2701. Liket = like it, 205. Lim, lime, 2552. Limed, cemented, 562. Limes, limbs, members, 348, 352. Lin, lie, 942, 3851. Lire, loss, 2920. A.S. _lyre_. List = _lust_, desire, want, 978, 1230. Listen, to listen, 1220. Listeðe, 2814. Read 'liste ðe' = listen to thee. Listnede, Listenede, listened, 1597, 2137, 2222, 3403, 3538. Lit, stain, 1968. O.N _lita_, to stain. Lið, lieth, 735, 812, 1916, 3892. Lið, limb, 1804. A.S. _lið_. Liðer, bad, vile, 369. A.S. _lýðer_. Liue, life, 265, 629, 3806. Liue-dai, life, 652; liue-dages, life-days, life-time, 4119. Liuede, lived, 777, 908. Liuen, (_inf._) to live, 308, 573, 2044. Liuen, (_pl._) live, 2496. Liues, life's, 201, 496. Liues, alive, 1477, 3042; living, 3802; 'of _liues_,' alive, 2834. Liueð, liveth, 503. Liwe, life, 3884. Liwen, live, 4097. Loac = _loc_, gift, 1798. A.S. _lác_, _gelác_. Loar, loss, 177, 181. A.S. _lor_. Loc, look, behold, 3331. Lockende, looking, seeing, 2822. Lodelike, loathly, 3030. Loder-man, leader, 3723, 4110. A.S. _lád-man_; O.E. _lodesman_, from A.S. _lád_, _ládu_, a way. Cf. Eng. _loadstar_. Logede men, laymen, 2. Loke, (_imp._) look, take heed, 3511. Loked, kept, guarded, 193. Loked, awarded, decided, 3810. Loken, to look, 2600; look to, take care of, 2771, 3193. A.S. _lócian_. Loken, to keep from, abstain from, 215. Lond, Londe, land, 103, 208, 1843. Londes, lands, countries, 3700. Londes-speche, (native) language, 18. Lond-speches, languages, 669. Lond-weige, land-way, path, 2681. Lore, learning, wisdom, 3635. A.S. _lár_. Lordehed, lordship, 196. Lote, cheer, face, 1162, 2328. S.Sax. _lote_, _late_. O.N. _læti_. A.S. _wlíte_. Loten, features, 2258. Loten, to fail, 3131. Loð, loathsome, 369; displeasing, 1216, 1736. A.S. _láð_. Loðt = _loð_, displeasing, 340. Loðlic, loathsome, horrid, 749. Louerd, Louered, lord, 30, 275, 282, 997. A.S. _hlaford_. Louerdhed, lordship, 190, 832. Louereding, _lording_, lord, ruler, 833. Louerdes, lord's, 1388. Louerdis, lord's, 2272. Lowe, flame, 643. O.N. _log_. Lude, loudly, 3585. Luked, _locked_, closed, 3276. Luken, (_p.p._) enclosed, 94, 3779; shut, 362; beset, 2886. Luket = lukeð, encloseth, 98. Luten, to bow down to, 1926. A.S. _lútan_, to bow down to (pret. sing. _leát_; pl. _luton_; p.p. _loten_). Lutten, (_pret. pl._) bowed down to, worshipped, 2163, 3550, 4070. Luue, love, 8, 35, 51. Luue-bonde, power of love, 2692. Luued, Luuede, loved, 770, 1174. Luueden, (_pl._) loved, 549, 2152. Luuen, (_sb._) love, 635, 1517, 2002, 4081. Luuen, to love, 1, 5, 9, 2042. Luuen, (_pl._) love, 49, 3586. Ma = mai, may, 295. Mac, (_imp._) make, 3541. Mad, (_p.p._) made, 122, 184. Maden, (_pl._) made, 1992, 2960, 2974. Magnie = manige, many, 877. Magti, mighty, 584, 3797. Mai, may, 371. Maidenes, maidens, 1145, 1153, 2749. Maidenhed, maidenhead, 1852. Maked, _makeð_, maketh, 1591. Maked, made, 2470, 2515. Maken, to make, 278, 1269, 1312, 2018. Male, 'helles _male_,' hell's mail, 22. Malt, melted, 1017, 3337. Man = _manie_, many, 1488. Man, one, 1, 3, 1130. Mani, Manie, many, 696, 836, 1362, 2392. Manige, many, 413, 428, 437. Manige-fold, many fold, 2502. Manigon, many one, 630. Mankin, mankind, 240. Manliched, manhood, 23. Manne, man, 366. Mannes, man's, 141, 327, 501, 753. Manslagt, manslaughter, 485. Mat, foolish, doted, 1589. Du. _mat_, exhausted, overcome; Ger. _matt_, feeble, faint. Mattilike, faintly, 1493. Mayden-childre, girls, 2574. Mede, reward, _meed_, 1419. Medes, rewards, 3940. Meidenes, maidens, 1139. Meister, (_adj._) master, chief, 664, 3412, 3881, 3886; (_sb._) master, 2729, 3422. Meistres, chiefs, 3756, 4072. Mel, _meal_, food, 1020, 1246, 1484, 1509. Melten, to melt, 99, 3579. Men, one, 750, 1127, 1293. Mene, company, fellowship, 501. A.S. _ge-mána_, a company, marriage. "Forr drihhtin haffde þanne sett Amang Iudissken þeode, Þatt nan ne shollde filedd ben Þurrh hæþenn macchess _mæne_." —(Orm. i. 65.) Mengde, mixed, 3581. Mengen, to mix, 468. A.S. _mengian_. Mengt, mixed, 1592. Mengten, (_pl._) mixed, 544. Mentel, mantle, 2026. Merci, mercy, 1241, 3602. Merk, Merke, character, mark, 457; sign, 1003. Merke, boundary, 440, 3455; memorial, stone, 1887, 3490. Messe-song, mass-song, 2466. Mester, arts, devices, craft, 532, 536; duty, office, 3826. Lat. _ministerium_; Span. _menestre_. Met, (_sb._) measure, 439, 3333. Mete, _meat_, food, 573, 1487, 1492, 1498. Meten, devised, formed, 2701. Cf. _metedd_, painted (Orm. i. 34, 36). A.S. _metan_, to measure, paint. Meten, meat, 363, 2255, 3657. Meten, to meet, 2828. Mette, (_pret._) met, 888. Metten, (_pl._) met, 1790. Með, Meðe, mercy, pity, 195, 1044, 2498, 3011, 3601, 4076. A.S. _mæð_, measure, moderation; _mæðian_, to use gently. Meðede, pitied, compassionated, 1242. Meðelike, mildly, kindly, 1758. Meðen, to have mercy upon, to spare, 1046. See _Með_. Michel, Michil, great, 1209, 1366, 1671. A.S. _mycel_. Mide, with, 2478, 2963. Middel, Middil, middle, 98, 288. Middel-erd, middle-earth, earth, 106. Middel-hed, (_sb._) middle, 522. Middes-werld, the earth, 42. Midel, middle, 3159. Midelerdes, middle-earth's, 521. Midlest, middle, 427, 710. Migt, 54, 56, 584. Migte, mighty, 3038. Migten, (_pl._) might, 573, 876, 1147. Migtful, (_adj._) mighty, powerful, 100, 2902, 2916, 3464, 4008, 4025, 4026; (_sb._) mighty ones, 3755. Migti, mighty, 546, 983. Mikel, Mikil, great, 26, 389, 486, 1252. See _Michel_. Milce, mercy, 3728. A.S. _milts_. Milche, milk, 2788. Milche = _Milce_, mercy, 3732; merciful, 2903, 3603. Milde, kind, merciful, 128; meek, gentle, 1306, 1441. Mildelike, meekly, 1321, 1371, 1423; gently, 2778. Min, mine, 1566, 1567. Mind, quantity, 3676. Mirc, dark, _mirk_, 286. O.N. _myrkr_, dark; _myrka_, to darken. Miri, Mirie, merry, pleasant, 212, 294; cheerful, 2258. Miries, an error for _mirie_, pleasant, 1038. Mirknesse, darkness, 3104. Mis, (_sb._) wrong, 206. Mis-ches = _mischose_, sinned, 190. Misdede, misdid, sinned, 1847, 1890. Misdedes, misdeeds, 3637. Misdon, misdone, 1680, 2642, 3054. Miserlike, indistinctly, 2658. A.S. _misse-líc_, dissimilar, various. Misfaren, to misbehave, 1911. Misleuede, disbelieved, 3906. Misliked, Mislikede, displeased, 1728, 4011. Misnumen, (_p.p._) sinned, 3091. See _Nimen_. Missen, to miss, lose, 3336. O.N. _missa_. Du. _missen_. Mistagte, misdirected, misled, 475. Miste, missed, 3872, 3874. Miswiuen, to miswive, marry unlawfully, 540. Miðe, cease, remain quiet, 3807. Du. _mijden_, to avoid, shun. Mo, Moo, more, 354, 414, 428. Moal = _mal_, speech, 81. Du. _maal_. O.N. _mâl_. "For Iesus o Grickisshe _mal_ Onn Ennglissch iss, Hælennde." —(Orm. i. 147.) Mod, Modd, Mode, mood, mind, 36, 128, 333, 717, 3577. A.S. _mód_. Moder, mother, 122, 1421. Moderes, mother's, 1434. Modi, _moody_, angry, 2660, 2712. A.S. _módig_. Modilike, cruelly, 2584. Mog, male relative, 1761. A.S. _mæg_, (_m._) a relation, kinsman; _mæge_, (_f._) a kinswoman. Mogen, may, can, 3227. Moned = _moneð_, month, 593, 597, 615. Mone, moon, 132, 139, 141. Monen, to moan, bewail, 180. Mones, moon's, 144, 145. Moneð, month, 145, 152, 619; months, 2592. Moo, more, 428. Mor, more, 511, 993. Morgen, morrow, morning, 247, 1161. A.S. _morgen_. Morgen-giwe = _morgen-giue_, nuptial gift, 1428. A.S. _morgen-gifu_. Morge-quile, Morgen-quile, morning while, a short space of time, 3275, 3443, 3461. Morgen-tid, morning time, 59. Morwen, morrow, morning, 2305, 3162. Moste, most, greatest, 189, 198. Mot, Mote, may, might, 1304, 1621, 3488; should, 2645. Moðed = _moded_, minded, 1584. Mouies, aunt's, 1651. Cp. Du. _moei_, aunt. See _Mog_. Mount, 2853. Mugen, (_inf._) to be able, 1818, 2090, (_pl._) 3017. A.S. _mágan_. Mune, (_imp._) bear in mind, 45. Mune, Munen, to bear in mind, remember, 197, 972, 1622, 2422; commemorate, 687, 3138. A.S. _ge-munan_, to remember, call to mind. Munen, (_pl._) bear in mind, 558, 1350. Munendai, Monday, 72. Muneð, remembers, 2409. Muniging, Muning, commemoration, memorial, 678, 1623, 3344, 3394. Munt, mount, 1744, 2773. Muntes, mount's, 3487. Murnen, to mourn, 2053. Murning, mourning, 2908, 3205. Musike, music, 460. Muste, (pret. of _mot_) might, 2624. Muð, mouth, 2655, 3971. Muðes, mouths, 2216. Muwen, may, 3316. See _Mugen_. Nagt, night, 1678, 3142, 3832. Naild, nailed, 564. Nam, took, 85, 200, 1218; seized, 482, 673; conceived, 1177; came, 698, 1402; came upon, 1490; went, _took_ the way, 744, 745, 1247, 1436. See _Nimen_. Name[n], name, 3497. Narwere, narrower, 3965. Ne, not, 554, _et passim_. Ne-gate, no-gate, no-wise, 3224. Nede, necessity, 2161, 2165, 3165. Neddre, adder, serpent, 323, 369, 374. Neddres, adders, serpents, 2930. Nedful, needy, 2130. Neet, neat, cattle, beeves, 2097. See _Net_. Neg, nigh, 833, 1234, 3320. Negt = _neg it_, nigh it, 3964. Neiðere, Neiðer, neither, 394, 1276. Nemeld = _nemned_, assigned, 3533. Nemnen, name, call, 82; number, 4085. A.S. _nemnan_, to name, call upon. Ner, near, 478, 1395. Nest, nearest, next, 3791, 3921. Nestes, neighbour's, 3515. A.S. _nesta_, a neighbour. Net, Neet, neat, cattle, 940, 2097. A.S. _nýten_, _níten_, cattle, beast. O.N. _naut_, an ox. Netes, neat's, 3712. Ne-ðe-les, nevertheless, 3853. Neðer, downwards, 370. Neðer-ten, to descend, 3567. See _Ten_. Neue, Neve, nephew, 724, 799, 1761. A.S. _nefa_; Fr. _neveu_; O.Fr. _neve_. Neuere, never, 230, 1240. Newe, new, 694, 1286. Newes, anew, 250. Newelike, recently, 293. Nifte, niece, 1386. A.S. _nift_. Nigt, night, 43, 76, 79. Nigtes, nights, 590. Nigenti, Nigneti, ninety, 990, 1027. Nile, will not, 1806. Nim, take, 1720. Nimen, to take, 1042, 1739, 2362. A.S. _niman_ (pret. _nám_, p.p. _numen_). Nið, envy, 373, 1915. A.S. _nið_, malice; Ger. _neid_; O.N. _nída_, to abuse, disgrace. _Nídíngr_, a niggard, coward. Niðede, envied, 1521. Niðful, envious, 369, 1917. Niðing, niggardliness, 3432. Nogt, not, 330. Nogwer, nowhere, 1271. Nolden, (_pl._) would not, 3029. Nome, (_sb._) hostage, pledge, 2268. See _Nimen_. Nome, should take, 3341. Nomen, (_pl._) took, accepted, 1016, 1965; (_p.p._) come, 3039. Non, no, none, 223, 275. Noten, use, enjoy, eat, 3144. A.S. _notian_, use, enjoy. Nov, now, 749. Nu, now, 356, 379. Nuge, now, at once, 1328. Numen, (_p.p._) taken, 343, 366, 400, 409, 1316; smitten, seized, 2107, 2826; kept, 2268; passed, gone, 579, 594, 1142, 2485, 2753, 2769; practised, 1382. Nunmor, no more, 788, 1118, 1420. Nutes, nuts, 3840. Nyð, envy, 273. See _Nið_. O, of, 111, 353, 674, 1196, 2330, 2556, 3577. O = on, in, 81. Oc, but = O.E. _ac_, 187, 213, 488, 852, 861. A.S. _ac_. Oc, also, 54, 465. A.S. _eác_. Oc = _og_, ought, 197. Of, in, 1355, 1901; from, 2390. Of-dred, afraid, 3955. Offerd, afraid, 2844. Offiz, office, 2071. Offrande, Offrende, Ofrende, (_sb._) offering, 1298, 1309, 1312, 1314, 3631; (_adj._) 1503. Offreden, (_pl._) offered, 3619. Offrendes, Ofrendes, offerings, 1627, 3551. Offrigt, Ofrigt, afraid, 2050, 2225, 3652, 3692. Of-slagen, slain, 4077. Og, (_pres._) owe, 2187; ought, 1. Ogen, (_pres. pl._) ought, 15; would, 2054. Ogen, (_adj._) own, 884. Oget, ought, should, 324. Ogt, aught, 1793. Ok, also, 944. See _Oc_. Olde, old (ones), 3852. Olie, oil, 1548, 2458. Olige, oil, 1624. Olike, alike, 2024. Oliues, olive's, 608. On, after, 1751. On, an error for _of_ = from, 649. On, in, 4, 14, 38, 151, 161, 162, 164. On, one, 56, 185, 454, 665; 'on and on,' singly, 1639, 2323. On-dreg, (_imp._) endure patiently, 3319. See _Dreg_. One, alone, 134, 308, 974, 2015. Ones, once, 3288; of one, 1720, 1725, 1730. On-felde, afield, 1437. On-kumen, invaded, 841. A.S. _on-cuman_, to enter in. On-liue, in life, alive, 2417, 3105, 3595. On-morgen, On-morwen, a morrow, in the morning, 1093, 1161, 1417, 1680, 2305, 3162. On-nigt, Onigt, by night, 869, 1781, 2049, 2123, 3293. Onon, anon, at once, 1067, 1145. On-ros, arose, 1936. A.S. _on-rísan_, to rise up. On-rum, aside, apart, 4000, 4021. A.S. _rúm_, room, space, place. On-sagen = _unsagen_ = _unsaw_, reproach, 2045. On-seken, (_pl._) attack, 851. On-sel, On-sele, in time, betimes, timely, 1537, 2051. See _Sel_, _Sele_. On-sunder, separate, apart, 148, 3909. On-ðrist, athirst, 1229. Oo, ever, 111. Ooc, oak, 1873. Opelike, openly, publicly, 2583. Opnede, opened, 3773. Opperes, _hoppers_, locusts, 3096. A.S. _hoppere_, a hopper. Cf. Eng. grasshoppers. Or, ere, before, previously, 48, 490, 645, 649, 658, 905, etc.; '_or_ ðan,' ere that, 2435; first, 88, 490, 658, 905, 2929. Or, than, 1510, 2928. Orest, first, 2061. Orf, cattle, 795, 883, 1642. See _Erf_, _Erue_. Orgel, presumptuous, 3767. A.S. _orh_, _orgel_. Fr. _orgueil_. Origt, aright, rightly, 1299, 2226. Ostel, lodging, 1056. See _Hostel_. O-sunder, asunder, apart, 58, 116. Oten = _hoten_, called, 1131. Oðer, second, 93, 705. Oðer, or, 1940. Oðere, others, 1187, 2132, 2199, 3613. Oðer sum, 'some other,' 686. Ougt, aught, thing, 121. Ouer-cam, passed over, 1633. Ouer-cumen, (_p.p._) overcome, 2108. Ouer-flet, overflowed, 586. See _Flet_. Ouer-flowged, overflowed, 556. Ouer-gon, passed, 1186, 1903, 3031. Ouer-man, ruler, 3424. Ouer-meten, passed over, elapsed, 1665. Ouer-pharan = _over-faren_, overfare, pass over, 2487. See _Faren_. Ouertakeð, overtakes, 2313. Ouer-toc, overtook, 1756. Owen, should, 1944. Owen, own, 120, 348, 1838. Owold, Awold, signify, 324; happen, 525. See _Awold_. Paid, (_p.p._) 2215. Pais, peace, 8, 2535. Palme-tren, palm-trees, 3305. Paradis, Paradise, 291, 406. Pert = _apert_, open, clear, 3292. Pilches, garments of skin, 377. A.S. _pylce_. Piler, pillar, 3293. Pilt, thrown, put, 2214. O.E. _pult_. Dan. _putte_, to put into. Pine, (_vb._) torment, plague, 179. Pine, (_sb._) sorrow, torment, 177, 244, 955, 2530, 2785, 3094. Plage, play, lust, 537. Plages, plays, amusements, 3575. Plaigen, to play, 2016. Plates (of silver), 2370. Pleide, played, 1214. Plenteð = _plenté_, plenty, 3709. Pligt, (_sb._) pledge, 1269; sin, offence, 'to _pligt_' = for the offence, 3611. A.S. _pliht_. Pligt, (_vb._) pledge, 1776; (_p.p._) pledged, 1275, 2677. Podes, toads, 2977. O.N. _padda_, a toad. Polheuedes, tadpoles, 2977. Does it signify spade-headed, from O.N. _pál_, a spade, as in pole-axe? Pore, an error for _gore_ = _gure_, your, 2190. Preige, prey, 4028. Prenes, brooches, 1872. A.S. _preon_, a clasp, bodkin. O.N. _priona_, to sew. Present, (_sb._) 1831, 2273. Prest, priest, 3886, 3922. Prikeð, pricks, spurs, 3964. Pris, honour, 292, 326; value, worth, 2247, 2700; riches, 2690. Prisun, prison, 2040, 2046, 2070. Prisuner, gaoler, 2042. Prisunes, prisoners, 2044. Prud, proud, 858, 1414; pride, 1966. Quad = _quead_, bad, evil, 536. Quad = quoth, said, 755, 929, 1041, 1045. Quake = _wake_, watch, 1054. The rhyme requires _quate_ = wait. Quamede, pleased, 1019. See _Quemede_. Quam, whom, 1768. Quan, Quane, Quanne, when, 16, 92, 418, 576, 708, 721, 930. Quan, since, 1817. Quar, where, 1311. Quase, whose, 2870. Quat, what, 171, 324, 357, 634; which, 4160. Quat, quoth, 1313, 1775. Quatso, whatso, 1324. Quað, (_pret._) quoth, 1311, 1371; in line 3988 read 'queð' (_imp._), speak. Quead, wretch, wicked one, 295, 4063. Du. _kwaad_, bad. Quede, promise, 1463. A.S. _cwede_, a saying; _cwiddian_, to speak. Quemed, beloved (ones), 86. A.S. _cweman_, to please, satisfy. Quemede, satisfied, 978, 1380. Quemest, most pleasing, 3764. Quemeð, easeth, lightens, 408. Quer, where, 762. Quer-of, whereof, 366. Queðe = _quede_, word, 4011. See _Quede_. Queðen, to speak, 3525, 4002; to promise, 2788; to enquire, 1792. A.S. _cwéðan_ (pret. _cwǽð_, p.p. _ge-cweden_). Queðen, (_p.p._) called, 1496; promised, 3944. Queðen, whence, 1401. O.N. _hvaðan_. Queðer, whether, 3272; which (of the two), 1471. Queðer-so, whether, 340, 491. Quhu, how, 20. Qui, why, 1759, 1760. Qui = quile, awhile, 4000. Quider, whither, 2600. Quil = quilc, which, 3631. Quilc = what, 1572; which, 3764; how, 3212. Quile, while, 2041; 'ðor quile,' while, whilst, 205, 1104, 1106. Quiles; 'ðor quiles,' whilst, 186, 204, 574. Quilke, (_pl._) which, 2080; what, 2350. Quilum, whilom, formerly, 801, 1139, 1171, 1464. Quit, white, 2810. Quo, who, 359, 2821, 2822, 2823. Quor, where, 356, 714. Quor-at, where to, 3237. Quor-bi, whereby, 573. Quor-fore, wherefore, 1632. Quor-of, whereof, 1314. Quor-on, whereon, 1310. Quor-so, where-so, 943, 3107. Quo-so, whoso, 924. Quoðen, (_pl._) spake, 2993, 3267. Quow, how, 1560. Quuad = _biquad_, ordained, 64. Quuad, quoth, 1021. Quuam, which, 696. Quuan, Quuanne, when, 190, 206, 991, 2311. Quuat, what, 1310. Quuat-so-euere, whatsoever, 270. Quuen, queen, 296. Quuo, who, 1003. Quuor, where, 2428, 2430, 2431. Quuow, how, 2732. Qwel = _quelc_ = _quilc_, which, 170. Rad, hasty, 617, 2730; expeditious, 2481; eager, 3617; readily, quickly, 998, 1783. A.S. _rád_, ready, quick. Raken, to scatter, 2132. Sw. _raka_. Raken, to gather, 3324. A.S. _rǽcan_, to reach. Du. _ráken_, to handle. Ranc = wrang (?) = was wrung (with pity), 1658. Ranc, strong, 2105, 2108. A.S. _ranc_. Ransaken, to search, 2323. O.N. _ransaka_. Ransakes, searchest, 1773. Rapede, hastened, 1221. Du. _rap_, nimble. O.N. _rapa_, to hasten. Rapen, to hasten, 2376. Rapeð, (_imp._) hasten, 2349. Raðe, quickly, soon, 1784, 2313, 3664. A.S. _hraðe_. Read, Red, Reed, counsel, advice, 401, 659, 1222, 1737, 2547, 3808, 4064; instruction, 1515, 2830; device, plan, 309, 3663, 4059; remedy, help, 2996. A.S. _rǽd_, counsel, advice, opinion. Reade se, Red Sea, 2670. Rechede, interpreted, 2124. Rechen, to interpret, 2086, 2122. A.S. _recan_, to explain, interpret. Reclefat, censer, 3782. Redde, advised, 3436. Redden, (_pl._) consulted, 1145; advised, 2861. See _Read_. Rede, read, 34. Rede, Reed, red, 637, 640, 1256, Rede, advise, 3118. Reden, to counsel, 1534. A.S. _rǽdan_, to counsel (pret. _réd_, p.p. _rǽden_). Redes, advisest, 2934. Redi, readily, 998; ready, 1066. Redles, foolish, wicked, 3574. A.S. _rǽdleas_, rash. Ref, rough, 3726. A.S. _hreof_, rough, scabby. Reflac, robbery, 436, 3512. A.S. _reáflác_, spoil, rapine. Rein, rain, 3265, 3326. Rein-bowe, rainbow, 637. Reke-fille, April, 148, 3136. Rekelefat, Reklefat, censer, 3761, 3800. A.S. _récels_, incense; _récelsfæt_, a censer. Reken, ready, 3485. Reklefates, censers, 3787. Rem, cry, outcry, 1962, 2613, 3858. A.S. _hream_. Ren, course, 1. A.S. _ryne_, _rene_. Ren, swift, 3218. A.S. _ryne_, course, race. Reste, Resten, (_sb._) rest, 11, 249, 252, 400. Restede, (_pret._) rested, 257. Resten, to rest, 1369. Reu, Rew, grieved, 1166; sorrowed, 1828. A.S. _hreówan_, to rue, grieve (pret. _hreáw_). Reuen, spoil, 2802. A.S. _reáfian_, to rob, spoil. Reuli, sorrowful, mournful, 1162. A.S. _hreówlíc_. Rew, bitter, 3151. A.S. _hreów_, raw, fierce. Rewde, Rewðe, sorrow, grief, 2339; pity, 2608. Reweli, Rewli, = piteous, sorrowful, 1968, 2328. See _Reuli_. Rewlike, sorrowfully, 3106. A.S. _hreówlíce_, mournfully. Reyn, rain, 582. Riche-like, richly, 2442. Richere, richer, 1280, 3937. Ride, road, way, course, 3950. Rif, widely known, renowned, 232; wide-spread, 1252. A.S. _ryf_, rife, prevalent. Rigesses, rushes, 2595. A.S. _risce_, _rixe_, a rush. Rigt, right, justice, 52, 451; rights, 3714; rightly, 885, 1565; mode, wise, 1270. Rigted, set right, 3427. Rigten, to righten, set right, decide, 3421, 3423, 3426. A.S. _rihtan_, to righten, correct, govern, rule. Rigt-wise, righteous, 418, 516, 1043. Rigt-wised, Rigt-wished, righteousness, 936, 3740. Rimes, rhyme's, 1. Rim-frost, rime, hoar frost, 3328. A.S. _rím-forst_. Ringes, rings, 1872, 2703. Risen, to rise, 4039. Roche, rock, 256, 1138. Rode, cross, 386, 388. A.S. _ród_. Roke, reek, smoke, 1163. A.S. _reác_, _réc_. Ros, rose, 261, 1055. Rospen, to _rasp_, diminish, 2132. Du. _raspen_, to grate. Rotede, became rotten, 3342. Ru, rough, 1539, 1544. A.S. _rúh_. Run, discourse, conversation, 991. A.S. _rún_. Sac-les, without strife, willingly, 916. A.S. _sacu_, strife; _sac-leas_, without contention. Sacrede, sacrificed, 612, 626, 938. Sad, separated, divided, 58, 116, 266, 1784; set apart, 208; scattered, 672. See _Shad_. Safgte, an error for _sagte_, cure, heal (?), 470. Saft, a pole, 3899. A.S. _sceaft_, _sceft_, a shaft, pole. Safte, making, work, 3628; creatures, 127. A.S. _sceaft_, a creature, created, made, formed, from _scapan_, to form. Safte, of form, 349. Sag, saw, 26, 127; looked, 3901. Sage, words, sayings, 4153. A.S. _sagu_, a saying, speech, _saw_. Sagen, saying, 14. See _soðe-sagen_. A.S. _sægen_, a saying. Sagt, an error for _sag_, 1301. It may = _sag_ + _it_ = saw it. Sake[n], sake, 1392, 3731. Sal, shall, 12, _et passim_. Sal = salt, shalt, 1815. Salt, shalt, 1042, 1043. Salte, salt, 3280. Saltes, of salt, 1131. Saltu, shalt thou, 1041, 1813. Same, shame, 234, 302, 349, 351. Sameden, (_pl._) assembled, gathered, 434. A.S. _samnian_, to assemble, collect. Samen, together, 40, 398, 412. Samening, assembling, matching, 458; intercourse, 1442. A.S. _samnung_, a congregation. San, infamy, shame, 373. A.S. _scǽnan_, to destroy; _scand_, disgrace. Sanc, sank, 1108. Sarp, sharp, 2989, 3577. Sat, set, 945. Sat, treasure, money, 795, 881, 3169. A.S. _sceat_, treasure, gift, money. Scaðe, harm, ruin, 302, 2314. A.S. _sceaðan_, _sceaðian_, to hurt; _scæðþe_, injury, loss. Schad, separated. A.S. _scádan_, to separate, divide. See _Shad_, _Sad_. Sche, she, 235, 2619. Schet, shot, 475. Scheten, to shoot, 474. A.S. _sceótan_, to shoot (pret. _sceat_). Schilde, shield, 2525. A.S. _scýldan_, to shield. Schinen, (_pl._) shine, 153. Schir. sheer, sincere, 1835. Schoren, cut. See _Abuten-schoren_. Scir, bright, 3848. Scité, city, 2415. Sckaðe, harm, destruction, 850. See _Scaðe_. Sckil = _skil_, reason, 203. See _Skil_. Scrið, entreaty, 1419, 2021. Scriðed, urged, 1715. Scroð, urged, solicited, entreated, 1055, 1834, 2023, 2695. A.S. _scríðan_, to go (pret. _scráð_). Scroðt, an error for _scroð_, 339. Se, sea, 1123. Seek, sack, 2309. Seckes, sacks, 2213, 2223. Sed, seed, 121, 1613. Sedes-kin, Seth's kin, 4042. Segen, (_pl._) saw, 3222. Segeð, cometh, falleth, 2232. A.S. _sígan_, to fall. Sei, (_imp._) say to, tell, 3445. Seid, (_p.p._) said, 2425. Seide, (_pret._) said, 277, 323. Seiden, (_pl._) said, 903, 1083. Seien, to say, 1139. Seigen, (_pl._) say, 917; (_inf._) 2494. A.S. _secgan_, _seggan_, to say. Seilede, sailed, went, 3389. Seið, says, 1127, 1293, 1295. Seið, (_imp._) say, 2350. Sek, sick, 1175. Seken, to seek, 3598. Sekenesse, sickness, 775. Sel, time, season, 417, 928, 1032, 1184, 1224, 1375, 1503, 1545, 2541, 2769, 3159; 'in _sel_,' quickly, opportunely, 1095; 'al swilk _sel_,' at such time, 1204; 'on _sel_,' 'on _sele_,' in time, timely, 1537. A.S. _sǽl_, _seel_, time. Prov. E. _seel_. Sel, (_imp._) sell, 1495. Selcuð, marvellous, 3972. A.S. _sel-cúð_ = seldom known, wonderful, rare. Seldum, seldom, 2181. Seles = _selie_, good, 1542. See _Seli_. Self; 'Self his kinde' = his own kin, 1806; even, very, 2610. Seli, blessed, righteous, 266, 1532, 1986, 2782; good, 2412, 4079; fortunate, 1244; propitious, 31; happy, blissful, 64. A.S. _sél_, good; _sǽlig_, happy, blessed, prosperous. Seli-red, good advice, help, 2514. Seli-sið, prosperity, 2546. Seli-sped, bliss, happiness, prosperity, 240, 2138. Selkuð, strange, 1286. See _Selcuð_. Selkuðlike, wondrously, greatly, 1557. Sellic, Selli, rare, wondrous, 466; marvellous, 1026; strange, 3260, 3957. Sellik, Sellic, wonderfully, miraculously, 1315, 1316. A.S. _séllíc_, _síllíc_, wonderful. Selðe, Selðhe, bliss, luck, fortune, 1023, 1341, 1404, 2001. A.S. _sǽlð_, _gesǽlð_, happiness, felicity. Selðhelike, successfully, 1372. Semelen = to assemble, 3865. Semelike, Semlike, seemly 1007, 1504. Semes, loads, 1368, 2373. A.S. _seam_. Semet, seemeth, 2169. Semeð, 1365. _Read_ semede, loaded. Sen, to be, 298, 1923, 3843. Ger. _sein_. Sen, (_inf._) to see, 279, 956; to look, 394, 2664; to look after, take care of, 1663, 2628; choose, take, 3723. Sen, (_pl._) see, 16, 140. Sen, Sene, visible, manifest, 74, 1173. Sende, (_imp._) send, 2820. Senden, to send, 1683. Sendet, sendeth, 1412. Senkede = schenkede, poured out, 322. A.S. _scenc_, drink; _scencan_, to pour out, give to drink. Sent, (_imp._) send, 2825. Senten, (_pl._) sent, 1970, 1973. Senwe, sinew, 1805; sinews, 1804. A.S. _sinewe_. Sep, sheep, 1334. Serf, (_imp._) serve, 1685. Seri, sorry, 408. Seri-mod, sorrowful-minded, 1850. Serue, to serve, 1715. Serue, should serve, 3816. Seruede, served, 1692, 2051. Seruen, (_pl._) serve, 4126. Seruen, to serve, 5, 1670, 1694, 3634. Seruen, to deserve, 1686. Seruise, service, 1672, 1714, 3754. Set, made, 562. Sete, seat, 278. Sette, planted, 1278. Setten, (_inf._) set, place, 2598. Seð, sees, 181, 196. Seð, sod, seethed, 1487. A.S. _seóðan_, to boil, seeth (pret. _seáð_; p.p. _soden_). Seue, seven, 489, 1825. Seuend, Seuende, seventh, 445, 593, 611. Seuendai = seuend dai, seventh day, 247, 607. Seue nigt, Seuene nigt, se'nnight, a week, 609, 1687, 2952. Seuenti, seventy, 706, 3665. Seweden, (_pl._) looked, gazed, 2661. Sex, Sexe, six, 575, 577, 578. Sexte, sixth, 167, 199, 531. Sextene, sixteen, 1907. Sexti, sixty, 663, 1475. Sey, tell, 4114; sey we, let us say, 4162. Seyen, Seyn, say, 1445, 3561. Sge, she, 1444, 1447, 1698. Shad, separated, 148. A.S. _sceádan_ (pret. _sceod_, p.p. _scaden_), to separate, divide. Shauen, shaved, 2120. She, 1925. Shent, destroyed, 754. A.S. _scendan_, to shend, disgrace. Sheren, to reap, 2347. Shetten, (_pl. pret._) shut, 1078. Shewed = shewede, (_pl. pret._) showed, 1971. Shiftede, changed, 1732. Shilde, Schilde, shield, 2525, 4157. Shire, make clear, 2036. Sib, Sibbe, akin, 228; relatives, 2503. A.S. _sib_. Sibbe-blod, blood-relatives, 1468. Sid, side. Siden = siðen, since. Sigande, sighing, 1436. Sighe = sigðhe, sight, 518. Sighteles, blind, 1528. Sigt, sight, 1626, 2774. Sigðhe, sight, 335, 360. Sik, sighing, 1239. A.S. _sícan_, to sigh. Prov. E. _sike_. Siker, secure, safe, 869, 876, 1269. O.Fris. _sikur_; Ger. _sicher_. Sikerlike, certainly, surely, 1500; with confidence, boldly, 2319. Silden, to shield, 214, 1788. Sinfulhed, sinfulness, 180. Sile = sel, time, 2978. See _Sel_. Singe, sing, 34. Singede, sinned, 4066. Singen, to sing, 27. Singen, to sin, 172, 188. A.S. _singian_. Sinigeden, (_pl._) sinned, 2205. Sinne, sin, 182, 186. Sinnes, sin's, 553. Sinne-wod, sin mad, 1073. Sir, _sheer_, pure, 518, 3580; clearly, 3045. See _Scir_. Sired, enlighteneth, 327. A.S. _scír_, clear; _scýrian_, to divide. Sitten, to sit, 279. Sið, course, conduct, 274. A.S. _sið_, path, way. See _Seli-sið_. Siðe, time, 3093. A.S. _sið_. Siðe, Siðen, since, 84, 262, 2405; after, 237; afterwards, 509, 609, 1928. A.S. _síððan_. Siðen = _siden_, sides, 1295. Siðes, times, 1731, 1825. Skie, cloud, 3294, 3643. Skies, clouds, 3463. Skige, sky, cloud, 3255. Skil, Sckil, reason, discretion, wisdom, 193, 203, 1425; 'wit _skil_,' reasonably, 52. O.N. _skil_. Skipperes, locusts, 3087. Skiuden, (_pl._) skewed, changed, 1989. Slagen, (_p.p._) slain, 509, 591. Sleckede, slaked, satisfied, 1230. A.S. _sleacian_, to slacken; Sw. _sloka_, to droop. Slen, to slay, 2837, 3729. A.S. _sleán_. Slep, slept, 967, 1605, 3466. Slepi, sleepy, 871. Slo, (_imp._) slay, 1939, 3505. A.S. _sleán_; O.E. (N^n.) _sla_. Slog, Slug, slew, 483, 2668, 2685, 3474, 3913, 4081. Sloge, slew, 3048. Slon, to slay, 1328, 1752. Sloð, slays, 3964. Sluge, would slay, 3976. Slugen, (_pl._) slew, 3916. Smaken, to scent, 2443. A.S. _smæccan_, to savour, taste. Smale, small, 656, 2107; 'wordes _smale_,' easy words, 18; 'speche _smale_,' flattery, 4056. Smere, fatness, 1573. A.S. _sméru_, fat. Smered, anointed, 2455, 2457. Smerles, anointing, 2454. A.S. _smérels_, ointment. Smeren, to anoint, 2442, 2448. A.S. _smérian_, to anoint. Smette, smote, 2684. Smit, smiteth, 3970. Smit, (_imp._) smite, 3360. Smite, plague, 2990. Smiten, to smite, 3866, 4040. Smiten, (_p.p._) smitten, 3867. Smiten, (_pl._) smote, 2109. Smið, smith, workman, 466. Smot, smote, 2925, 2943. Snake, serpent, 2805. So, as, 15, 57, 331, 332, _et passim_. Sod, shod, 3149. Softe, soft, mild, 335, 3061; pleasant, 2057, 2412; lust, pleasure, 3647. Softere, (_adv._) softer, 3874. Sogen, saw, 3522; seen, 2785. Sogt, united, at peace, 1934, 2161. A.S. _saht_. Sogt, (_p.p._) sought, 848, 3189; come near, 3130; 'was _sogt_' = had come, 3707. Sogte, sought, 682, 1533, 1947. Sogten, (_pl._) sought, 1081. Solde, sold, 1843; (_pl._) 1955. Solstices, 150. Son, shoes, 2781. Son, shone, 3293, 3614. Sond, sand, 2718. Sond, shame, 2714. A.S. _sceond_. Sonde, messenger, 1414, 2313; message, 3931. A.S. _sand_. Sonde, dish, 2295. A.S. _sand_. Sonder-man, Sondere-man, messenger, 1410, 2791, 2871. Sondere-men, messengers, 1792, 1969. Sondes, messengers, 1007, 1014, 2165, 4052. Sondes, messenger's, 1434. Sone, immediately, _soon_, 329, 343, 979; quickly, 1145, 1221; '_sone_ so,' as soon as, 1109. Sor, grief, heaviness, 512, 733, 1039, 1048, 1239, 1765, 3650. A.S. _sár_. Sor, sore, 3027. Sore, sorely, 1166, 3223. Soren = shorn, reaped, 1919. Sorful, sorrowful, 2326. Sorge, sorrow, 68, 302, 362, 512. A.S. _sorh_. Sorges, sorrow's, 360, 778. Sori, sorrowful, distressed, heavy, 974, 977, 1974; wicked, 1074. Sori-mod, sorrowful-minded, 3520. Sort, lot, 1186. Sort-leui, short-lived, 712. Sorwe, sorrow, 179, 268. Sorwes, sorrow's, 19, 716, 3742. Soth, foolish, 3685, 3688. A.S. _sot_, a fool. Soð, Soðe, true, 17, 953, 1032, 1605, 2091, 2842, 3972; 'ben _soð_' = be accomplished, 2505. Soð, Soðe, truth, 74, 2034, 2036, 2928. A.S. _sóð_, truth, true. Soðe-sagen, sooth-saw, true story, 14. Soule, Sowle, soul, 486, 4136. Soules, Sowles, souls's, 496, 626, 2920. Sowen, saw, 3108. Sowen, to sow, 2347. Sowles, souls, 4156. Spac, spake, 925, 1753, 1758. Specande, speaking, 2821. Speche, speech, language, 665. Speches, speeches, languages, 666, 668. Sped, _speed_, success, 25; abundance, 122; 'iwel _sped_,' misfortune, 310; 'in _sped_,' 'wið _sped_,' speedily, 935, 1083, 1221. Sped, succeed, 1585. Sped, succeeded, fared, 3314. Speden, to prosper, succeed, 2303. Sperd, fastened, enclosed, shut up, imprisoned, 22, 94, 384, 564, 2093. Speken, to speak, 2016, 2027, 2710, 2827, 2832, 3400. Speren, to shut up, 2194. A.S. _sparran_; O.N. _sperra_. See Hampole's P. of C., l. 3835. Spice-like, with spices, 2443, 2515. Spices, 2247. Spices-ware, spicery, 1952, Spien, to spy, 2172. Spies, 2169, 2174. Spile, sport, play, 3462; multitude, 2977. Spiled, scattered, 3183. Spilen, to play, sport, live joyously, 2532. A.S. _spilian_. Spirit, 203. Spoken, (_pl. pret_) spake, 2913. Spot, place, 3280. Spotted, spotted ones, 1721. Spred, (_p.p._) spread, 650, 831. Spredde, (_pret._) 490. Spredden, (_pl. pret._) spread, 2567. Springe, spring, 581. Sprong, sprang, 60, 247, 2740. Sprungen, (_pl._) sprang, 1804; (_p.p._) sprung, 4023. Spureð, spurs, 3970. Sren, an error (?) for _fren_, to deliver, save, 1103. Srid, (_p.p._) clothed, 379. Srid, Sridde, (_pret._) clothed, 23, 271, 1539. Sriden, to clothe, 351. A.S. _scrýdan_ (pret. _scrydde_), to clothe. Srifte, penance, 422, 3692. Sriðen = _sriden_, to deck, 1878. Srud, clothing, vestments, 176, 271, 795, 857, 2367, 3169. A.S. _scrúd_. Staf, staff, 3149. Stalðe, theft, 1767. A.S. _stálu_. Stalwurði, stalworthy, strong, 655, 864, 3714. Starf, died, 481, 658, 4133. A.S. _steorfan_ (pret. _stearf_; p.p. _storfen_), to die. Stede, place, 117, 425, 433. Steden, places, 3441. Steden, place, 1114. Steg, ascended, 319, 3527. See _Stigen_. Stele, steal, 3511. Stelen, to steal, do secretly, hide, 1035; hide from, 2594. A.S. _stélan_. Stere, rule, 3418; ruler, 3420. A.S. _steóran_, to rule; _steóra_, ruler; _steóre_, rule. Steres, rulers, 3413, 3415. Steres-men, rulers, 3417, 3429. Stering, rule, government, 3410. Sterre, star, 132; star's, 134. A.S. _steorra_. Sterres, stars, 1921. Steuene, Steuone, voice, 355, 622, 1285. A.S. _stefen_. Sti, path, 3958. A.S. _stíg_, a way, path. Stig, (_imp._) ascend, go up, 4100. Stigen, (_p.p._) ascended, 4130. A.S. _stígan_, to ascend, go (pret. _stáh_; p.p. _gestígen_). Stille, secretly, 2015, 2428, 2718. Stille, (_imp._) be still, 3319. Stillen, to quiet, still, 3924. Stinc, stink, 2556, 2975. Stinken, stinking, 1164. Stired, stirred, 3580, 3961. Stirte, started, 2931. Stið, stiff, stubborn, 1591; severe, 3266. A.S. _stíð_, _stýð_, firm, stiff. Stiward, steward, 1991, 2255, 2263, 2712. A.S. _stiward_. Stod, stood, 1019. Stoden, (_pl._) stood, 3543. Stodet = stood it, 590. Ston, stone, 1120, 1604. Stonde, (_imp._) stand, 3760. Stonden, to stand, 1607, 2639, 3666. Stonden agon, (_pl._) opposed, 438. Stondende, standing, 3149. Stondes, standest, 2782. Stondeð, stands, 392. Stong, stung, 3896; pierced, 4083. Stor, great, 842. A.S. _stór_. Storue, should die, 1958. See _Starf_. Storuen, (_pl. pret._) died, 2975, 2982. Storuen, (_p.p._) dead, 3162. Strekede, stretched, fell prostrate, 481. A.S. _streccan_, to stretch. Strem, stream, 2096. Streng, Strenge, string, 479, 714. A.S. _streng_. Strenge, strength, 3728. A.S. _strengo_. Strengðe, Strengðhe, strength, 581, 673; harm, 1075. Strengthen, to make strong, 3410. Strif, strife, 373; toil, 175, 503; grief, agony, 268, 716, 778, 779, 860. Striuing, strife, 804. Strond, strand, 2717. Strong, 1846; unpleasant, 2057. Stronge, (_pl._) strong, 3713. Stund, time, 41, 2041, 3277; a _stound_, short space of time, moment, 2109, 2639. A.S. _stund_. Stunden, (_pl._) wait, abide, 3211; waited, 1987. Stungen, stung, 3901. Sul, Sule, (_pl._) shall, 303, 305, 1775. Sulde, should, 172, 175, 194. Sulden, (_pl._) should, 958, 1326. Suldes, shouldst, 3984. Sulen, (_pl._) shall, 308, 316, 318, 3358. Sum, (_sing._) some, 337, 690, 834, 835; 'oðer sum,' 686. Sumdel, somewhat, 380. Sumertid, summertime, 1224. Summe, (_pl._) some, 399, 401. Sunder, separate, 991; diverse, 3808; '_sunder bles_,' party coloured, 1729. Sundren, to separate, 468. Sundri, separate, apart, 393, 1985, 2354, 2414, 3239; diverse, 1798; several, 2551. Sune, Sunen, son, 46, 403, 1656. Sunedai, Sunenday, Sunday, 71, 261. Sunen, sons, 2175, 2899, 3481. Sunen, to bear a son, 981. Sunen, to shun, 1864. Sunes, sons, 529, 540, 1251. Sunes, son's, 1984; 'on _sunes_ stede,' instead of a son, 723, 2629, 2637. Sungen, (_pl._) sang, 3288. Sunken, (_p.p._) sunk, 754; (_pl._) sank, 3775. Sunne, sun, 132, 139. Sunnes, sun's, 143. Surgerun, Suriuren, Suriurn, sojourn, 64, 2696, 3308. Suð, south, 829. Suðen, south, 1167. Suuen, _shoved_, driven, 107. Swanc, toiled, laboured, 2014, 2877; travelled, 1657. See _Swinken_. Swart, black, 286. A.S. _sweart_. Swem, grievous, afflicting, 391; grieved, 1961. Swep (_lit._ stroke, force), meaning, 2086, 2112. Swer, (_imp._) swear, 3498. Swerd, sword, 1307, 1327. Sweren, (_pl._) swear, 1964. Swerdes, of sword, 3721. Swet, Swete, sweet, nice, 210, 382, 1484, 3302. Sweuene, dream, 224, 1753. A.S. _swefen_. Swide = _swiðe_, quickly, 2726. Swike, unfaithful, 2845. A.S. _swíc_. Swike-dom, treachery, deceit, 2883. Swilc, such, 143, 407, 417; such as, 3620. Swinacie, quinsy, 1188. Swine, toil, labour, 268, 363, 2554, 2555. A.S. _swinc_. Swing = _swinc_, toil, labour, 566. Swinked, laboured, 4018. Swinken, to labour, 3778. A.S. _swincan_, to toil (pret. _swánc_, p.p. _swuncen_). Swinkes, labour's, 175. Swiðe, very, 334, 1645; quickly, 1009, 1086, 1537. A.S. _swíð_, _swýð_, great, strong. Swiulc = _swuilc_ = _swilc_, such, 632. A.S. _swulc_. Swog, swoon, 484. Swolgen, (_p.p._) swallowed, 1976. A.S. _swolgen_, p.p. of _swelgan_, to swallow. Swor, sware, 1338. Sworen, (_p.p._) sworn, pledged, 824, 1525. Swotes, of sweat, 364. A.S. _swát_. Swunken, (_p.p._) toiled, travelled, 1656. See _Swinc_. Tabeles, tables, 3535. Tabernacle, 3174, 3623. Tac, (_imp._) take, 1287, 3497. Tagt, (_p.p._) taught, directed, 3623, 3746. Tagte, (_pret._) taught, showed, 458, 1243, 1954. Tagte, (_adj._) assigned, promised, 827. Tagten, (_pl._) taught, 1096. Take, touch, 3456. Takel, tackle, furniture, goods, 883. Taken, to take, 1318, 3323. Taken, to assign, give, 1340. Tale, speech, language, 450; tale, story, 321; reckoning, number, 141, 1673, 2891, 4092; heed, account, 548. A.S. _tal_. Tame, quiet, 1482. Tamehed, quietness, docility, 1485. Taune, (_imp._) let him show, 3424. Tauned, Taunede, (_pret._) showed, 636, 757, 3444. Taunen, to show, 1022, 1290. Du. _toonen_. Taunet = _taune it_, let him show it, 3422. Tawned, Tawnede, showed, 1294, 4118. Tawnen, to show, 2034, 2126. Techen, to teach, 2792. Teding, suckling, 1208. A.S. _tiedrian_, _tyddrian_, to propagate, nourish, feed. Teen = _ten_, to go, 1344. A.S. _teón_, to pull, go, lead (pret. sing. _teah_, pret. pl. _tugon_, p.p. _togen_). Te, the, 2756. Teg, went, 320, 1135, 3644. See _Teen_. Teld, tent, 3769. A.S. _teld_. Teldes, tents, 3442. Telled = _telleð_, telleth, 17. Tellen, to tell, 651, 2755; to reckon, 87; recount, 497. Tellet, (_imp._) tell it, 3526. Telleð, tells, 414. Temple, 1296. Ten, (_inf._) proceed, go, 934, 1238, 1953; lead, 1913; draw, 3005. See _Teen_. Ten, (_pl._) go, 856, 3210. Tende, tenth, 597, 704, 3141. Tene, sorrow, grief, affliction, 2992. A.S. _teóna_, injury, reproach; _teonan_, to anger, incense. Ter, tar, pitch, 662. A.S. _tearo_. Teres, tears, 364, 2356. Teres, of tears, 2288, 2342. Terred, tarred, 2596. Teten, teats, breasts, 3480. Tette, teat, pap, breast, 2621. A.S. _tite_, _titte_. Tgeld = telt, tent, 2025. See _Teld_. Tgelt, encamped, pitched tents. A.S. _teldian_, to pitch a tent. Tgen, ten, 3413, 3418. Tgen, (_pl._) = _ten_, belong, 3824. See _Teen_. Thaunen, show, declare, 32. See _Taunen_. Then, ten, 3305. Then = _ten_, go, 1514. See _Ten_. Tho = _to_, two, 731. Tholen, suffer, 508. A.S. _þólian_, to suffer, bear, endure. Tid, Tide, time, 59, 263, 1507. A.S. _tíd_. Tidi, in good condition, beautiful, 2105. O.Sw. _tidig_, beautiful. Cf. Shakespeare's use of _tidy_ = plump, well-conditioned. Tidelike, soon, quickly, 2752. A.S. _tídlíce_. Tiding, Tidding, tidings, message, 396, 407, 1348, 2907. Tidlike, quickly, 1231, 3353. See _Tidelike_. Tigel, tile, brick, 461, 662, 2552. A.S. _tigel_. Tigeles, bricks, 2891. Tigðe, _tithe_, tenth, 895. A.S. _teogeða_. Tigðes, tithes, 1628. Til, till, until, 85, 254, 255; to, 879, 945, 1606. O.N. _til_, to. Tile, gain, 1519. A.S. _til_, fit, good; _tilian_, to honour, to get, obtain. Tilen, to earn, 363. A.S. _tilian_. Tiliere, tiller, 1482. Tillede, (_pret._) cultivated, 1278. Timed, (_p.p._) prospered, 4024. Timede, (_pret._) prospered, 3392. Timen, to occur, happen, befall, 1763, 3820. A.S. _getimian_, to happen, fall out. Timen, to prosper, 1023, 2361, 4010. Timen, to teem, bring forth, 982. A.S. _tíman_, to teem. Timeð, prospereth, 4010. Timing, Timinge, fortune, success, 1194, 4016; welfare, 954. Timinge = ?_time ge_, wait ye, 3762. Timinge, season, opportunity, 31; circumstance, occurrence, 1244, 2644, 3394. Tin, thine, 926. Tines, losest, 3518. O.N. _tyna_, to lose. Tis, this, 334. To, two, 423, 2653. To-bar, falsely accused, 2146. To-bolen, swollen with pride, 970. Toc, took, 723, 937, 2654; took up, 1690; gave, 1416; considered, 1751. Tockenes, _tokens_, signs, miracles, 2860. To-dragen, _to-draw_, to tear in pieces, 191. To-ful in wis, fully, completely, 2521. Tog = _toc_, gave, 1676. Tog (pret. of _ten_, to go), went, 607. See _Teen_. Togen (p.p. of _ten_, to go), gone, 3647. To-gider, To-gidere, together, 1898, 2352, 3779. Tok, took (notice), 945. Toke, (_subj._) gave, 1531. Token, (_pl._) took, 2200. Token, sign, miracle, 635, 646, 2803, 2914. Tokenede, betokened, 248. Tokenes, signs, miracles, 2813. Tokeneð, Toknet, betokeneth, 638, 640. Toknes, signs, miracles, 140, 153, 2997. Tok-ning, token, memorial, 1624. Tol, tool, 469; tools, 883. Told, (_p.p._) reckoned, 1358, 2912. Tolde, (_pret._) told, 1401, 1403. Tolden, (_pl._) told, 2221, 3711. Ton, one (first), 1010, 2196, 2704. To-samen, together, 2109, 3145. See _Samen_. To-teren, tear in pieces, 2089. Toð, tooth, 4148. Toðer, other, 2724; second, 619. Toðere, (_pl._) others, 1044, 2340. To-wis, truly, 3992. Treen, trees, 1127, 1278. Tregest, disregardest, 3975. A.S. _ge-tregian_, to disregard; _tregian_, to trouble, vex; or = _treyest_ = betrayest. Tren, trees, 3305. Trew, tree, 3301. A.S. _treow_. Trewe, true, 720. A.S. _treówe_. Treweiðe, truth, fidelity; 'wið _treweiðe_,' faithfully, 2304. A.S. _treówð_, truth, confidence. Trewed, Trewid, believed, 1031, 2385. A.S. _treówian_, to trust, believe. Trewið, believes, 2037. Trewðe, truth, 2458, 2459; troth, 1524, 1776; fidelity, 1270; pledged word, 2336. A.S. _treúð_, _treówð_, truth, troth, pledge. Tribuz, tribes, 3813. Trike, stream, 2947. Trimede, brought forth, 1198. Trimen, to teem, conceive, 1024. A.S. _getrymian_, to dispose, bring forward; _trymian_, to provide, prepare. Troken, to fail, 105. A.S. _trucan_, to fail, diminish. Troweden, (_pl._) believed, 1092. A.S. _trúwian_, to trust. Troweð, 2814. _Read_ Trowe ðe, believe thee. Truke, failure, default, 3508. See _Troken_. Trume, host, company, 1829. A.S. _truma_, a troop, band. Tuderande, fruitful, 164. Tudered, begotten, 630. A.S. _tyddrian_, to propagate, procreate. Tuen, between, 3802. Tun, Tune, town, 713, 1102, 2311, 2570. A.S. _tún_. Tunde, surrounded, 866. A.S. _týnan_, to hedge in, enclose. Tunes, towns, 856. Tunge, tongue, speech, 372, 3158. Tunges, tongue's, 2656. Tur, tower, 661. Turles, (_lit._ doves) quails, 3676. Turn, turning, course, 63, 79. Turtul, turtle (dove), 944. Twelfte = _twelfe_, twelve, 3829. Twelwe, twelve, 663. Twen, between, 804. Twenti, twenty, 620. Twentiðe, twentieth, 3641. Twie, twice, 808. Twie-wifing, Twin-wifing, bigamy, 450, 485. Twin, two, 4020. Twin-manslagt, double homicide, 485. Twinne, two, 2367, 3248. Twinne-del, twofold, 1510. Twired, perplexing, conflicting. A.S. _twy-rǽd_, of two opinions, differing. Two, to, 1292. Ða, then, 1901. A.S. _þa_. Ða = _ðat_, that, 2190. Ðad = _ðat_, that, 311. Ðan, Ðane, Ðanne, then, 9, 999, 1003, 2680; than, 144; when, 17, 182, 2072; that time, 'bi _ðan_,' 'bi _ðanne_,' 1023, 3706; 'ear _ðanne_, or _ðan_,' 38, 2435; 'fro _ðan_,' 188, 3201; 'til _ðan_,' 471, 1870; 'to _ðan_,' 867; 'to _ðan_,' for that purpose, 2792. Ðanc, (_imp._) give thanks to, 1320. Ðarð, need, 3778. Ðat, (_dem. adj._) that, 1, 43, 54; what, 2020, 2032. Ðat-offe = _ðar-offe_, thereof, 2422. Ðauen, permit, allow of, 3139. A.S. _þafian_, to suffer, permit, allow. Ðe, (_rel. pron._) which, who, 2, 269, _et passim_. Ðe = _ðo_, then, 1416. Ðe = _the_, 778, _et passim_. Ðear, there, 1090. Ðeden, nations, peoples, 2302. Ðeg, prospered, throve, 2012. See _Ðen_. Ðef = _ðeg_, property, quality, taste, 3340. Ðef, thief, 1773. Ðefis, thief's, 538. Ðefte, theft, 3512. Ðei, they, 573. Ðelde = _gelde_, (_subj._) requite, 1713. Ðen, thrive, 803, 1550, 2645; prosper, 4007. A.S. _þeón_, pret. _þeáh_, _þáh_, p.p. _geþogen_, to thrive, flourish, grow, increase. Ðengen = _ðenken_, to think, 1571. Ðenk, (_imp._) think, 3563. Ðhenke, (_subj._) think, 2072. Ðenken, Ðhenken, think, 393. Ðer, Ðere, there, 337, 850. Ðer-fore, therefore, 747. Ðer-in, therein, 2068. Ðer-of, thereof, 1659. Ðer-on, thereon, 1778. Ðes, this, 3967. Ðes, Ðese, these, 941, 1643, 2199, 3697. Ðeself, thyself, 934. Ðeðen, thence, 65, 208, 725, 1236. O.N. _ðaðan_. Ðeuwe, custom, 1382. A.S. _þeáw_, manner, habit, behaviour. Ðewe, courtesy, respect, 2757. Ðewed, behaved, conducted, 1914. Ðewes, virtues, 4159. Ðgere = _gere_, haste, 4052. Ðhanc, thanks, 1659. Ðhankede, thanked, 3405. Ðhauen, to tolerate, endure, 275. See _Ðauen_. Ðheg, Ðehg, throve, 1266, 2779. See _Ðeg_, _Ðen_. Ðhenken, think, 393. Ðhenkeð, thinks, 2028. Ðherknesse, darkness, 3102. Ðhikke, thick, 3102. Ðhing, Ðhinge, Ðing, Ðinge, thing, 301; things, 29, 52, 297, 300; affairs, 3378. Ðhinges, things, 280. Ðhog, though, 3978. Ðhogen, throve, increased, 1480, 2567. See _Ðen_. Ðholede, suffered, 778. See _Ðolede_. Ðhogt, mind, 2167; anxiety, 2111; thought, 1149; purpose, 1579. Ðhogt, Ðhogte, Ðhugte, Ðhute, Ðuhte, seemed, appeared, 407, 436, 438, 491, 1469, 1765, 1849, 2064, 3260. A.S. _þincan_ (pret. _þúhte_), to seem. Ðhogte, (_pret._) thought, 319. Ðhowtes, thoughts, 3544. Ðhre, thre, 55, 152, 563. Ðhride, Ðhridde, third. Ðhrowing, agony, suffering, 1317. A.S. _þrówung_, from _þrówian_, to suffer. Ðhu, thou, 361, 362, 397. Ðhunder, Ðhunerg = _ðuner_, thunder, 1108, 2900. A.S. _þunor_. Ðhurg, Ðhurge, through, 588, 2192. Ðhusant, Ðhusent, thousand, 489, 577, 654. Ðider, Ðidir, thither, 1068, 1366, 1402, 1844. Ðicke, thick, thickly, 2988. Ðig = thick, 564. Ðin, Ðine, thy, 397, 1764. Ðing, affairs, 3378. Ðinken, to seem, appear, 234. Ðinkeð, seemeth, 391, 2403. See _Ðhogt_. Ðis, Ðise, these, 1083, 2125, 2131, 2527. Ðisternesse = _cisternesse_, pit, 1942. Ðisternesse, darkness, 58. A.S. _þýstre_, dark, _þeosternes_, darkness. Ðit = _ðis_, this, 1233. Ðo, those, 305, 875, 2099. A.S. _þá_. Ðo, the, 1303, 2110. Ðo, then, 424, 717. A.S. _þa_. Ðoa, then, 840. Ðog, Ðoge, though, nevertheless, 4, 1794, 1928, 2404, 2908, 3807, 3808. Ðogen, (_pl._) throve, flourished, 2542. Ðogt, thought, mind, 1558, 2013; purpose, intention, 1072; anxiety, 1433; 'kinde _ðogt_,' natural affection, 2254. Ðogt, Ðogte, Ðoht, seemed, 948, 2015, 2298. Ðogte, thought, 333, 1089. Ðohgteful, anxious, 1437. Ðole, forbearance, 3496. Ðolede, suffered, 1180. Ðolen, (_inf._) suffer, 3664; (_imp._) 3457; (_pl._) 3445. A.S. _þólian_, to suffer, bear, endure. Ðoo = _þo_, then, 3135. Ðor, Ðore, there, 211, 222, 279, 2270; where, 438, 757, 1520. Ðor-agen, Ðor-gen, opposed thereto, 2797, 3730. Ðor-after, thereafter, 146. Ðor-bi, thereby, 1458, 2106. Ðor-buten, thereabout, 566, 3625. Ðor-fore, therefore, 1215. Ðor-fra, Ðor-fro, therefore, 112, 2880. Ðor-in, Ðor-inne, therein, 42, 746, 1104, 3634. Ðor-mide, therewith, 2656. Ðor-mong, thereamong, 3265. Ðor-of, thereof, 234, 329. Ðor-offen, thereof, 2403. Ðor-on, Ðor-one, Ðor-onne, thereon, 196, 464, 1116, 3398. Ðor-quiles, whilst, 574. Ðore-to, besides, 589. Ðor-til, besides, 2371. Ðor-to, thereto, 3824. Ðor-vnder, thereunder, 3184. Ðor-uppe, thereup, 1609. Ðor-vten, thereout, 3364. Dor-wið, therewith, 379. Ðornes, thorns, 1334. Ðoð = _ðoðer_, the other, 2702. Ðowgte, thought, 295. Ðral, thrall, slave, 2881. Ðraldom, slavery, bondage, 2322. Ðralles, slave's, 971. Ðralles, slaves, 3720. Ðre, three, 647, 1006. Ðreated, threatened, 4125. Ðret, threat, 2021. Ðrette, (_pret._) threatened, 2023, 3729. Ðridde, third, 761, 1301. Ðrist = _ðriste_, (_pret. pl._) thrust, 2110. Ðrist, thirst, 977, 3354. Ðrittiðe, thirtieth, 3311. Ðrosing, chaos, 43. A.S. _þrósm_, chaos, heap, smoke. Ðrowede, suffered, 1180. See _Ðhrowing_. Ðu, thou, 363, 1084. Ðugte, seemed, 1099. Ðund = _gund_, over, above. See NOTES. Ðurg, Ðhurg, through, 195, 377, 2192. Ðurg-vt, throughout, 3704. Ðurte, needed, 234. A.S. _þearfan_, to need, behove (pret. _þorfte_). Ðusent, Ðhusent, thousand, 527, 3412. Ðusse, thus, 308. Ðwert, obstinate, contrary, 3099. Ðwerted, thwarted, 1324. A.S. _þweor_, _þwer_, froward, cross, _thwart_. Vgging, fear, dread, 950, 2826. O.N. _ugga_, to terrify. See Hampole's P. of C., ll. 6419, 6683. Uglike, ugly, horrible, 2805. Vn-achteled, untold, 796. A.S. _æht_, value, estimation. O.E. _ahtle_, to estimate, endeavour. Vn-bente, unbent, 483. Vnbiwen, unexpectedly, 3777. See _Wenen_, _Wen_. Un-bond, unbound, opened, 2223. Vn-buxumhed, disobedience, 345; helplessness, unlithesomeness, rigidity, 346. See _Buxum_. Unc, us two, 1776. A.S. _unc_. Vncircumcis, uncircumcised, 2841. Unclene, unclean, 1867. Vndede, undid, opened, 581, 3971; removed, 2955; violated, 3014. Under-don, subdue, 4041. Under-feng, received, 480. Under-fon, receive, 1679. A.S. _under-fón_, to take (pret. _under-feng_). Vnder-gon, deceive, 1147; take up, 1160. Under-leiden, supported, 3388. Under-let, under-lay, lay under, 3188. A.S. _lútan_, to stoop, lie at the bottom (pret. _leát_). Under-nam, perceived, 1553; questioned, 2728. A.S. _under-niman_, to comprehend, take. Vnder-numen, taken unawares, surprised, 2135, 3221. Vnder-stod, bore, 1467; accepted, received, 2275, 2393, 3434; understood, 2210. Vn-don, undone, opened, 385, 603; removed, 3902. Vn-don, to explain, 2114. Vndren = _undern_, the time extending from nine to twelve in the morning, 2269. A.S. _undern_. Vn-drincled, undrowned, 3280. O.E. _drinkle_, to drown. "Alle _drenkled_ thorgh folie." —(Robt. of Brunne, p. 241.) [Vn]eðe, uneasy, disturbed, 3924. Vn-ended, everlasting, 3518. Un-eðes, with difficulty, scarcely, 2341. A.S. _uneáðe_. Unfer, diseased, 2810. See _Fer_. Un-frame, disadvantage, 1566; sorrow, 3037. A.S. _unfreme_. Un-framen, be hurtful, 1213. V[n-]frigt, fearless, bold, 3713. Vnghere = _ungare_, unexpectedly, 3047. A.S. _un-gearu_, un-prepared, sudden. Vn-hileden, uncovered, 2976. Vn-hillen, disclose, 1912. A.S. _unhélan_, to unhele, reveal, uncover. Unkinde, unnatural, 449, 1113; foreign, 2302. [Vn-]lage, wrong, 1762. A.S. _unlagu_, wrong, injustice. Vn-lif, displeasing, 206. Vn-lif, unleavened, 3153. Vn-like, unlike, 1726. Un-mad, unfinished, 671. Vn-miðe, anger, 3973, from O.E. _miðe_, quiet. A.S. _myðgian_, to sooth, quiet. _Vn-miðe_ may signify _truth_, from A.S. _míðan_, to hide, dissemble. Un-red, sin, 1906. A.S. _unrǽd_. Vn-reken, slow, unready, 2817. See _Reken_. Un-rigt, wrong, 1276. Vn-rigt-wis, unrighteous, 2014. Vn-seli, wicked, wretched, 1073, 2315. A.S. _unsǽlig_. Vn-selðehe, Vn-selðe, misfortune, misery, 2316, 3026. A.S. _unsǽlð_. Vnsene, unseen, secret, 2878. Vn-skil, wrong, 3506. See _Skil_. Un-slagen, unslain, 1332. Unspered, undid, spoilt, 25. See _Sperd_. Vnsteken, disclose, 2828. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. _Steke_. Vn-swac, displeasing, offensive, 1212. Un-timing, misfortune, 1180. Untuderi, barren, 964. See _Tudered_. Vn-ðewed, foul, 2555. See _Ðeuwe_. Unwarde, Un-warnede, unwarned, unawares, 480, 2682. Vn-welde, unwieldy, 347. See _Welden_. Vnweder, storm, 3058. A.S. _unweder_. Vp, upon, 2320. Up-dragen, carried off, 1858. Up-gon, (_pl._) ascend, 1608. Up-rekeð, up-reeks, 3465. Up-rigt, upright, 3248. Up-sprungen, up-sprung, grown up, 3050. Up-stod, up-stood, 3247. Up-wakeð, rouses up, awakes, 3466. Up-wond, up-winded, up-went, 3084. Vr, Ur, Vre, Ure, our, of us, 2172, 2261, 2262. Ut, Vte, out, 13, 227, 362, 607, 3703. Ut-comen, (_pl._) out-came, 2097. Vt-dragen, out-drawn, opened, 2856. Ut-drog, out-drew, 1327. Vten, foreign, strange, 1741; out of, 956, 2406, 2410; without, 653, 2739, 3744; apart, 3691. Vt-fare, out-go, 2865. Ut-faren, depart, 3056. Vt-gon, depart, out-go, 2966, 3021. Ut-gong, out-go, 2800. Ut-lage, outlaw, 431. Vt-pharen = _vt-faren_, depart, 3017, 3071. Ut-sped, hurried away, 3178. Vt-stal, stole out, 2882. Ut-suuen, out-shoved, aroused, 1610. Ut-ten, go forth, 4004. Ut-ðhurg, throughout, 2688. Vt-wrogte, brought on, caused, 4144. Uuer-slagen, lintel, 3155. A.S. _oferslæge_. Wac, weak, 1197, 1528. A.S. _wác_, _waac_, weak, frail. Waden, to ford, 1799. Waines, wains, waggons, 2362. Waked, aroused, stirred up, 360. A.S. _wacan_, to awake, take origin. Waked, (_pret._) kept a vigil or liche-wake, 2469; (_p.p._) 2516. Waken, to keep a vigil or liche-wake, 2449. A.S. _wæccan_, to watch. Waken, to watch, 2551. Wal, Wale, choice, select, 888, 3635. Ger. _wählen_, to choose, select. O.N. _wal_, choice. Wale, prosperity, 809, 1355. A.S. _wæla_, weal, bliss. Walkeden, 'aren _walkeden_,' have walked, 3882. _Walkeden_ is evidently an error for _walked_. Walkene, Walkne, welkin, clouds, 96, 103, 136, 161. A.S. _wolcen_, a cloud, air, welkin; _wealcan_, to roll, turn. Walknes, welkin's, 288. Walled, Wallede, enclosed with a wall, 435, 2554. Wan, Wane, when, 642, 4130. Wane, wanting, 1028, 3353. A.S. _wana_, want, lack. Wanmol, uneloquent, 2817 (from _wan_ = _un_, and _mol_, _mal_, speech). See _Moal_. Wansum, sorrowful, 1099. A.S. _wannan_, to be wan, pale. Wante, should be wanting, 2244. Wantede, wanted, failed, 1233, 2155, 2995, 3310. Wapman, man, male, 1001. A.S. _wǽpman_, a man, from _wǽpn_, a weapon. Wapmen, men, 536, 2920, 3078, 3080. War, aware, 721, 1308. A.S. _wǽr_, wary, prepared, ready. Warc = _warg_, defended, 2876. Ware, merchandise, 1990; property. A.S. _warú_, ware, merchandise. Waren, to make secure, 1088; to provide for, 2154. A.S. _wárian_, to beware, to guard, ward off. Waried, cursed, 544. A.S. _werigan_, to curse. Warnede, warned, 1091. Warnen, to warn, 1581. Warp, (pret. of _werpen_) threw, 2640, 2804. Wassen, to wash, 1116, 2291, 2442. Waspene = _wasteme_, form, 1910. A.S. _wǽstm_, growth, form. Water, lake, 749, 1125. Wateres, water's, 638. Wateres, waters, 592, 2594. Wateres-springe, water-spring, 581. Water-gong, passage of water, 662. Watres, water's, 598, 1246, 1380. Watres, waters, 108, 117. Wattre, Wattren, to water, 1648, 2745. Wattrede, watered, 2751. Wað = _quað_, spake, 1666. Waxen, grow, increase, 1128, 2548. Waxen, (_p.p._) increased, 831; full-grown, 2060. Wech-dede, watch-deed, vigil, 2460. Weches, vigil's, 2467. Wedde, hostage, pledge, 2198. A.S. _wed_, pledge (dat. _wedde_). Wedden, to marry, 1090. Wedding, marriage, 1428. Wede, garment, 1972. A.S. _wǽd_, a garment. Weden, garments, 2369. Weder, weather, storm, 3055, 3059. Wei, Weie, way, 1100, 1228, 1429, 1435. Weige, way, 1614, 2681. A.S. _weg_. Weiges, ways, 3240, 3244. Weila-wei, alas! 2088. Weis, washed, 2289. Weken = _wreken_, taken, 3282. Wel, well, 229, 1521, 1541. Welcume, welcome, 1830. Welcumede, welcomed, 1396. Welden, to rule, 2143; take, enjoy, 916; possess, 3738. A.S. _wealdan_, to rule, direct, possess. Welden, (_pl._) rule, 50, 3418. Weldeð, influences, 274. Weledes = _welðes_, wealth's, 748. Weli, blissfully, prosperously, 2528. A.S. _welig_, rich, bountiful. Welkede, withered, 2107. A.S. _wealwian_; Ger. _welken_, to fade. Welken, (_pl._) elapsed, 568. A.S. _wealcan_, to revolve (pret. _weolc_). Welle, well, 2756. Welles, wells, 3306. Welle-spring, well-spring, 1243. Welle-springes, well-springs, 3304. Welt, exercises, 54. See _Welden_. Welte, ruled, 3371. Welten, (_pl._) wielded, 532; ruled over, governed, 840. Welðe, Welðhe, wealth, 796, 1268, 1355, 1404, 1550, 2374. Welðes ware, wealth, property, 929. Cf. _Spices-ware_, etc. Wen, belief, 73; doubt, 3271. A.S. _wén_, hope, weening. Wen = _wenen_, believe, 3809. A.S. _wénan_, to ween, think. Wend, (_imp._) turn, 3510. Wende = _weened_, thought, 477, 1240, 1543, 2209. Wende we, let us turn, 3267. Wended, — agon, turned back, 1904. Wenden, (_pl._) weened, thought, believed, 869, 1141, 3258. Wenden, (_inf._) turn, 693, 884, 4057, 4061. A.S. _wendan_, turn, change. Wenden-agen, return, 979, 1159, 3719, 3724. A.S. _wendan_ (pret. _wende_), to turn, proceed, go. Wene, think, ween, 309, 315, 317, 3572. Wenen, (_pl._) think, 3812. A.S. _wénan_. Went, course, 136. A.S. _wend_, a turn. Went, (_p.p._) changed, 753; gone, 1429, 2201; turned, 2896. Wente, turned, 321, 606, 1120, 3950, 3951; removed, 1649; took away, snatched, 2613; went, 1107. Wente agen, returned, 606, 985, 1048, 1343, 1356; (_subj._) should return, 1097. Wente agon, turned back, 1119. Wenten, (_pl._) went, 533, 623; turned, changed, 1149, 1967; returned, 2200. Wep, weeping, 2328, 3888. A.S. _wóp_. Wep, wept, 4149. A.S. _wépan_, to weep (pret. _weóp_; p.p. _wépen_). Wepen, weapon, 3283. A.S. _wǽpen_. Weph, web, 4096. Werchen, to work, 3220. Werdes = _werldes_, world's, 32. Were, protector, 2680. See _Weren_. Were, man, 3977; husband, 1587. A.S. _wer_. Were, war, 1788. Wereden, saved, protected, 2578. See _Weren_. Weren, were, 377, 570, 1468. Weren, annoy, 2898. A.S. _wérian_, to weary. Weren, defend, protect, 851, 1272, 1794, 1817, 2083, 2090, 2564, 3714; spare, 1043. A.S. _werian_, protect, hinder. Weres, man's, 532. Werger, defender, guardian, 926. A.S. _wergan_, to defend. Weri, weary, 975, 1493. Werk = _wrek_, plague, 3902. See _Wrake_, _Wrech_. Werken = _wreken_, to take vengeance, 2799. See _Wrake_, _Wrech_. Werken, (_pl._) work, 850. Werld, Werlde, world, 38, 42, 60. Werlde, world's, 1318. Werldes, world's, 48, 102, 142, 707, 1594, 2440. Werlðe, world, 901. Werne, deny, 2797. A.S. _wyrnan_, to deny, forbid. Werned, (_p.p._) refused, 3171. Wernede, forbad, 2966, 3000. Werneden, (_pl._) denied, refused, 2207. Werp, (_imp._) throw, cast, 2803. Werpen, to throw, cast, 3358, 3794. A.S. _weorpan_, to throw, cast (pret. _wearp_; p.p. _worpen_). Werre, worse, 3951. Werren, were, 1089. Westen, west, 3096. Westen, (_pl._) wasted, 3915. Weðer, wether, 3998. Wex, increased, grew, 273, 584, 585, 1118, 1266. See _Waxen_. Wex = _wexe_, (_pl._) grew, 1917. Wexe, should increase, 554. Wexen, (_pl._) grew higher, 599; increased, grew, 2104, 2502, 2542. Wexem, for _wexen_, grew, increased, 1915. Wi, war, 1854, 3220. A.S. _wig_, _wih_, war. Wiches, wizards, magicians, 2919, 2927. Wicke, wicked, 1072, 3952. Wid, an error for _wið_, with, 79, 86, 128, 168, 928. Wid, (_adj._) wide, 60, 565; (_adv._) 1256. Wid-held, Wið-held, withheld, 914, 3019. Wid-hin, Wid-innen, = _wið-in_, _wið-innen_, within, 555, 640, 1352. Wide, widely, 672, 831. Wif, wife, 231, 367. Wifes, wife's, 530. Wifes, Wifwes, wives, 453, 559, 624, 857. Wif-kinnes, woman-kind, 1177. Wifuede, wived, married, 1588. Wigt, brave, 863. Sw. _vig_. Wigte, war (?), or sharpness (?), 469. Wigte, weight, 439. A.S. _wiht_. Wikke, wicked, 3574. Wil, (_sb._) will, 194. Wil, homeless, astray, 975. See Gloss. to Allit. Poems, s.v. _Wyl_. Wil, blindness, 1079. Wilde, lascivious, 2013; wild, 169, 178. Wile, while, 371. Wile, (_vb._) will, 191, 277, 1318. A.S. _willan_. Wile, desires, likes, 206, 2020. A.S. _willan_. Wilen, (_pl._) will, 2304, 2531, 3723. Wimman, woman, 374, 375. A.S. _wífman_, _wimman_. Wimmanes, woman's, 1426. Wimmen, women, 532, 653, 2570. Win, wine, 2295. Win, strife, 347, 4055; force, 598. A.S. _win_, contention. Winden, to enshroud, 2448. Windoge, window, 602. Wines, wine's, 894, 1542. Win-grape, bunch of grapes, 3710. Winter, (_pl._) years, 567, 919. Win-tre, vine, 2059. A.S. _wín-treow_. Wintres, winters, years, 1211. Wird, Wirð, troop, host, 1786, 1790, 4140. A.S. _werod_, host, army. Wirm, Wirme, reptile, 178; serpent, 321, 2925, 3898. A.S. _wyrm_. Wirmede, bred worms, 3342. Wirmes, reptiles, 2982. Wis, wise, 100, 260, 462, 617. Wisdam, wisdom, 35. Wise, (_pl._) wise, 331. Wise, manner, 2961. Wislike, wisely, 45, 1091; with wisdom, 520; properly, 3630. Wisseð, teacheth, showeth, 2. A.S. _wissian_, to instruct, show. Wiste, knew, 779, 901, 961, 962, 1154, 1310. See _Wot_. Wisten, (_pl_.) knew, 768, 2217, 3841. Wisten, wished, 801, 1060. Wistom, wisdom, 462. Wit, we two, 1775. A.S. _wit_. Wit, wisdom, 460, 900. A.S. _wit_. Wit, with, 44, 52, 53. Wite, (_pl_.) learn, know, 390. Wite, (_sb_.) blame, 2035. A.S. _wítan_, to blame. Witen, to know, 328, 1302; to learn, 2651, 3928. See _Wot_. Witen, (_pl._) know, 74, 523. Witent = _witen_, to know, 330. Witnesse, Wittenesse, witness, 507, 1778, 3843. Witter, Wittere, wise, skilful, 168, 456, 1910, 2330, 3624; true, 2903; cognisant, 1308. Witter-hed, wisdom, 3667. Witterlike, surely, truly, indeed, 769, 791, 1322, 2320, 2425. Da. _viterlig_, known, manifest. Wið, of, 432; in, 1083, 1668, 1915. Wið-dragen, with-drawn, 596, 3983. Wið-drog, with-drew, 599, 3803. Wið-[h]eld, Wið-held, Wið-helð, withheld, 1178, 2033, 3927. Wiðer, hostile, 3386. A.S. _wiðerian_, to oppose. Wiðer-ward, contrary, hostile, 2935. A.S. _wiðer-weard_, contrary, rebellious. Wið-stod, opposed, 2649; stood still, tarried, 3646. Wið-ðan, with that, thereupon, 481, 1409. Wið-ðan-ðat, Wið-ðhan-ðat, provided that, 2019, 2335. Wið-uten, Wið-vten, Wið-ðuten, except, 557, 611, 875, 910, 3739; without, 503, 639, 1317, 2454; outside, 1080, 1367. A.S. _wið-útan_ (adv.), _wið-útan_ (prep.), without. Wiue, wife, 2008, 2147. Wiues, wife's, 1219. Wiues, Wiwes, wives, 543, 1858, 2363; wife's, 994, 2037. Wlath, bad, loathsome, 3300. A.S. _wlætian_, to nauseate, loath; _wlath_ I take to be an error for _wlach_, A.S. _wlæc_, warm, slack. Wlite, Wliten, face, 2288, 2289, 2342, 3614, 4055. A.S. _wlíte_, form, person, countenance. Wo, Woa, woe, sorrow, grief, 216, 237, 353, 880; sorry, 1833. A.S. _wá_, _waa_. Woc, Wooc, weak, 1874. See _Wac_. Woc, awoke, 2111. Wod, mad, foolish, 1073, 2959, 3545. A.S. _wód_, mad, insane. Wod-hed, Woded, madness, 533, 3539. Wol, very, 1266, 1995. Wold, power, 1958, 2000. A.S. _wald_, power. Wold, meaning, 2122. It literally signifies power. Wold, hill, 938, 3892. A.S. _wald_, _weald_. Wold, ruler, 3412. A.S. _walda_. Wold, sacrifice, 3116. Wold, Wolde, would, 912, 1418, 1419. Wold, (1) killed, slain, 420; destroyed, 526 (?), or (2) flooded (?). (1) A.S. _cwelian_, to kill. (2) A.S. _weallan_, to flow. Wolden, (_pl._) would, 3756. Wond, wand, 2715, 2803, 2808. Du. _vaand_, a switch. Wond, went up, 3782, 4136. A.S. _windan_, to move or be borne in a winding course, to wind. Wondes, wands, 2923. Wooc, weak, 1874. A.S. _wác_. Wopen, weapon, 469, 3228, 4062. A.S. _wǽpen_. Wopened, Wopnede, armed, 1787, 2479, 3373, 3376. Wordes, words, 18. Wore, (_subj._) were, 768, 1144, 1148, 1170, 2192. Wore, (2 _pers. sing._) 1759, 1814. Woree = _woren_, were, 2950. Woren, were, 347, 488, 790, 1207, 2380. Worn, were, 61, 147. Wor-of, whereof, 3530. Worpen, cast, 1943, 2923. See _Werpen_. Wort, word, 73. Worðed, honoured, 262. See _Wurðen_. Wot, know, 487, 1473; knows, 353. A.S. _witan_ (ic _wát_, þu _wást_, he _wát_; we _witon_; pret. _wiste_). Wrake, punishment, destruction, 552. A.S. _wræc_, punishment. Wrech, Wreche, vengeance, destruction, 552, 632, 634, 641, 1042, 1076, 1142, 3396; plague, 1176. A.S. _wracu_, vengeance, pain, punishment. Wrecches, wretches, 1074, 1080. A.S. _wræcca_, an exile, wretch. Wreken, (_p.p._) revenged, 2028, 3067, 3281. A.S. _wrécan_, to avenge. Wreken, (_p.p._) taken, 3148. Wrestelede, wrestled, 1803. Wreðe, Wreððe, wrath, 482, 3793, 3863. A.S. _wræðo_, wrath. Wreðed = _wreðeð_, is angry, 1584. A.S. _wraðian_, to be angry. Wrigtful, guilty, 2204. A.S. _wróht_; Da. _rygte_, a crime. Wrigteleslike, guiltlessly, 2076. A.S. _wróhtlíc_, accusing. Wrim, reptile, 169, 187, 299. A.S. _wyrm_, a worm, reptile, serpent. Wrim-kin, serpents, 3895. Writ, 1974. Wriðel, herbs (?), from Du. _wortel_, an herb, 3153. The A.S. _wríðels_, a band, fillet, cover, does not help us to explain this satisfactorily. Is _wríðel_ written for _wrixel_, change, alternation, course? Wrocte, hurt, 230. A.S. _wrécan_, to afflict. _Wrocte_ is the pret. of _werken_ = _wreken_, to hurt. Cf. _wirm_ and _wrim_, _werk_ and _wrek_, etc. Wrogt, Wrogte, wrought, did, made, 40, 61, 249; done, 1150; bestowed, 1812. Wrogten, (_pl._) wrought, struggled, 1470; did, 529, 547, 4069. Wroken, turned, 3191. A.S. _wrécan_, to banish, afflict (pret. _wrǽc_; p.p. _wrecen_). Wrong, squeezed, 2064. A.S. _wringan_ (pret. _wrang_; p.p. _wrungen_), to wring, press. Wrot, wrote, 462, 523, 2524, 2527. Wroutis, wrought them, 156. Wroð, angry, 1215, 1735. A.S. _wráð_. Wroð = _worð_, became, 3013. Wude, wood, 476, 1306. A.S. _wude_, _wudu_. Wudes, woods, 473. Wukes, weeks, 2473. A.S. _wuce_, _wucu_. Wulde, would, 214, 846, 1195, 2430. Wulden, (_pl._) would, 1071, 1075, 3324. Wuldet, would it, 969. Wunded, wounded, 853. A.S. _wúndian_, to wound. Wunden, wrapped up, 2597. A.S. _windan_. Wunder, sin, mischief, 69, 3588, 3977. S.Sax. _wundre_, mischief. Wunderlike, wonderfully, 585. Wune, (_sb._) custom, 494, 1639, 1681, 1806, 3857; wise, manner, 971, 1345, 1405, 1652; practices, 676; abilities, 1910; privilege, 1501. A.S. _wune_, practice, custom. Wune, abode, 513, 3370. See _Wunen_. Wune, wont, 1504, 1530, 2066, 2080. Wune, to dwell, 785. Wune, (_pl._) dwell, 1156, 1254. Wune = _wunede_, dwelt, 1842. Wuned, Wunede, abode, dwelt, 789, 811, 825, 1133, 1167, 1249, 1282. Wuneden, (_pl._) dwelt, 3122, 3845. Wunen, to dwell, 306, 367, 404, 406, 1863, 1898. A.S. _wunian_, to dwell, inhabit. Wunen, (_pl._) dwell, 300, 332, 932, 2464. Wunen, custom, fashion, 688; customs, laws, 3137; abilities, 3482. Wunen, accustomed, 2900, 3289. Wunes, customs, usages, 1480, 2293; practices, 539; privileges, 1495. Wuneð, dwells, 465, 2410. Wuniende, dwelling, 2742. Wurd, word, 736. Wurd = _wurð_, became, 995, 1197. Wurdes, words, 2818, 3726. Wurlike = _wurðlike_, worthily, 1456. Wursipe, worship, honour, 2757. A.S. _wurðscipe_. Wursiped, honoured, 511. Wurt, wort, herb, 119. A.S. _wurt_. Wurðe, 'wel _wurðe_,' well worth! 155. Cf. 'woe _worth_ the day,' etc. Wurð, Wurðe, became, 57, 272, 283, 284, 598, 634, 677, 721, 993, 999, 1175, 1462, 1494, 2218, 3196; shall be, 1564, 2057, 2058, 2074; let be, 3483. Wurðe = wurð he, he shall be, 1943. Wurðe = _wurðede_, honoured, 1826. Wurðede, became, 1528, 2011. Wurðed, Wurðede, honoured, 1010, 1012, 1629, 1845, 1924. Wurðeden, (_pl._) honoured, 1922. Wurðeden, (_pl._) became, 2946. Wurðelike, honourably, worthily, 1518, 2760. A.S. _wyrðlíc_, _wurðlíc_, worthy. Wurðen, (_pl._) became, 286, 667, 831, 2050, 2297; (_sbj. pl._) 3559, 3721. Wurðen, to be, become, exist, 41, 53, 510, 641, 2411, 2427, 2816, 3928. A.S. _weorðan_, _wurðan_, to become, to be, happen (pret. _wearð_; p.p. _geworden_). Wurðen, honour, 2463. A.S. _wurðian_, _wyrðian_, to honour. Wurðful, honourable, 2678. A.S. _wyrð-full_, honourable. Wurðfulhed, honour, 3499. Wurði, worthy, 1012, 1501, 3753. Wurðing, Wurðinge, honour, respect, 33, 133, 684, 892, 1550, 1774, 2140, 3787. A.S. _wurðung_, honour. Ybiried, 2520. Ydeles, idols, 1871. Ydolatrie, 695. Ymong, among, 3419. Ynog, enough, 3670. Ynug, enough, 2156. Y-oten, called, 2416. See _Hoten_. Yre, iron, 2452. Ys, ice, 99. Yses, ice's, 97. Yuel, wicked, bad, 1074, 1186. Ywel, evil, harm, 788. Ywis, certainly, truly indeed, 159. A.S. _gewís_. INDEX OF NAMES. Aaraon, Aaron, 3063, 3082, 3379, 3387, 3489, 3540, 3543, 3546, 3633, 3750, 3785, 3799, 3837, 3864, 3884, 3890. Abel, 419, 426, 430, 921. Abimalech, 1172, 1175, 1189, 1267, 1525. Abiron, 3757, 3766. Abraham = _Amram_, 2588. Abraham, 995, 998, 1006, 1008, 1009, 1019, 1028, 1031, 1036, 1047, 1161, 1184, 1189, 1196, 1209, 1217, 1267, 1274, 1277, 1285, 1299, 1307, 1313, 1323, 1327, 1331, 1337, 1347, 1355, 1359, 1386, 1403, 1445, 1448, 1464, 1477, 1612, 2426, 3202, 3477, 3479. Abram, Habram, 708, 710, 720, 721, 730, 734, 736, 737, 740, 741, 755, 757, 759, 762, 771, 780, 781, 798, 805, 809, 811, 818, 822, 824, 825, 862, 870, 872, 878, 880, 888, 892, 895, 898, 913, 920, 925, 935, 948, 961, 965, 967, 986, 988, 995, 3564. Adam, 86, 199, 231, 238, 292, 296, 353, 356, 390, 397, 410, 412, 422, 424, 428, 429, 442, 445, 493, 498, 502, 541, 817, 1896, 3476. Adama, 838. Adda, 455. Adonay, 2902. Agar, 965, 970, 973, 1223, 1249, 1265, 1446. Ai, Ay, 760, 800. Amalec, Amalech, 3369, 3384, 3391, 3395. Amon, 1157. Amonit, 1158. Amonaphis, Monophis, 2545, 2569. Amrame, 3472. Amorreos, 3911. Anel, 821, 865. Arabie, 1254, 3322, 3879. Arabit, 1203. Aram, 709, 711, 727, 735, 1599. Archim, 3881. Arfaxath, 701. Armenie, 595. Arnon, 3914. Assaroth, 3687. Babel, 671. Bal, 691. Bala, 838. Bala, Balaam, 1694, 1698, 1699, 1890. Balaac, 3919, 3937, 3941, 3989, 3995, 3999, 4011. Balaam, 1354, 3922, 3927, 3939, 3957, 3962, 3975, 3985, 3989. Balim, 690. Basaan, 3916. Batuel, 1376, 1384, 1385. Bel, 689, 691. Beland, 690. Belum, 685. Belus, 675. Belphegor, 4070. Beniamin, 1885, 2185, 2189, 2231, 2233, 2240, 2281, 2296, 2309, 2335, 2368, 2369. Bersabe, 1274, 1291, 1344, 1523, 1598. Beseel, Besseleel, 3533, 3621. Betel, 760, 800, 1883. Bozra, 1902. Buz, 1353. Buzites, 1354. Cabroth, 3686. Cadalamor, 841. Cade, 1168. Cades, 3707, 3854. Caim, Caym, 416, 426, 430, 442, 446, 476, 529. Caldea, 713. Calef, Caleph, 3725, 3739, 4095. Cam, 558. Canaan, Canahan, Cananeam, Caynan, Chanaan, 498, 726, 743, 798, 1590, 1600, 1746, 1785, 2157, 2391, 3349, 4028. Caram, 1361, 1741. Cariatharbe, 813. Cariatht, 815. Cedar, 1257. Cedima, 1263. Ceturam, 1446. Chore, 3748, 3781. Cratonide, 1449. Damak, 931. Damask, Damaske, 207, 761, 879. Dathan, 3757, 3766. Dede Se, 750. Dina, Dinam, 1705, 1847. Dirima, 1260. Dotayin, 1934. Duma, 1259. Ebron, 811, 1891, 1931, 2424, 2487, 2520, 3715. Ebris, Ebrisse, 2451, 2540, 2858, 2950. Ebru, Ebrius, 917, 2607, 2657, 2674, 3051, 3220, 3609, 4035, 4137. Eden, 433. Edom, 3877. Edon, 1901. Effraym, 2151. Egipte, Egypte, 764, 785, 790, 797, 802, 1953, 1990, 2374, 2444, 2469, 2489, 2545, 2611, 2646, 2671, 2680, 2683, 2708, 2767, 2802, 2857, 2872, 2951, 2990, 3018, 3020, 3072, 3125, 3160, 3163, 3167, 3170, 3178, 3195, 3216, 3257, 3312, 3440, 3475, 3560, 3720, 3724, 3736, 4088. Egypcien, Egipcien, 2723, 3103, 3271, 3278. Eleazar, Eliazar, 3885, 4091, 4111. Eliab, 3622. Eliezer, 931, 1359, 1383, 1396, 1399, 1416, 1429, 1438, 2766. Elim, 3303, 3307, 3309. Eliopoleos, 2643. Eliopoli, 2003. Eliv, 1354. Ely, 2904. Emor, 1843, 1853. Engle, 3158. Engleis, 14. Eno, 435. Enoch, 499, 503, 513. Enos, 442, 494, 498. Erebis, 3359. Esau, 1472, 1481, 1491, 1499, 1529, 1540, 1543, 1796, 1823, 1836, 1899. Esdras, 4153. Ethan, 3209. Ethiops, 2875. Ethiopien, 2667, 2689. Eufrate, 1255. Eue, Eua, 86, 292, 296, 317, 321, 333, 410, 412, 416, 418, 422, 424, 428, 817. Excol, 821, 865. Exodus, 2538. Faga, 4013. Fegor, 4031. Faraon. See _Pharao_. Fasga, 4129. Finees, 4079. Galaad, Galaað, 1744, 1780, 1951. Genesis, 414, 2522. Geraris, 1167. Gerasis, 1432, 1516. Gerlon, 2766. Gersen, 2353, 2364, 2396, 2414, 2709, 3006, 3051, 3121. Gibi, 826. Gomorra, 839. Hamones, 2641. Heber, 702. Hur (Ur), 725. Hur, 3379. Hus, 1350. Iaboch, 3371. Iabok, 3914. Iacabeð, Iakabeð, 2589, 2623. Iacob, 820, 1473, 1482, 1485, 1487, 1491, 1494, 1539, 1551, 1562, 1566, 1578, 1581, 1593, 1595, 1597, 1617, 1631, 1643, 1649, 1657, 1666, 1669, 1675, 1679, 1688, 1709, 1724, 1727, 1732, 1742, 1750, 1756, 1771, 1783, 1797, 1811, 1814, 1891, 1906, 1909, 1928, 1930, 1966, 1970, 1974, 2158, 2220, 2226, 2238, 2385, 2391, 2397, 2417, 2474, 2784, 3564. Iannes, 2959. Iaphet, 558. Iareth, 499, 3908. Ihesus, Iesus, 85, 254, 260, 386, 388, 507. Ierusalem, 890, 3904. Ierico, 3918. Ietro, 2741, 2832, 3399, 3403, 3435. Iewes, 506. Ihesum (Joshua), 3375. Iobal, 455, 459. Iosep, Ioseph, 1907, 1931, 1955, 1961, 1996, 2002, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2016, 2031, 2038, 2051, 2067, 2085, 2092, 2093, 2117, 2119, 2124, 2139, 2147, 2154, 2162, 2167, 2191, 2198, 2210, 2211, 2212, 2229, 2253, 2257, 2283, 2298, 2310, 2312, 2329, 2343, 2360, 2361, 2367, 2382, 2393, 2421, 2433, 2489, 3182, 3200, 3482. Iosephus, 1281. Iosu, Iosue, 3568, 3571, 3725, 3739, 4095, 4109, 4116. Iraab, 442. Israel, 2381, 3214, 3245, 3268, 3373, 3376, 3406, 3449, 4014, 4023, 4048, 4066, 4149. Issa, 233. Iudas, Vdas, 1696, 1949, 1954, 2333, 3252. Iurdan, Iordon, Iurdon, 806, 868, 1799, 2486, 3915. Laban, 1395, 1421, 1582, 1596, 1644, 1655, 1658, 1663, 1674, 1676, 1681, 1689, 1710, 1713, 1727, 1733, 1735, 1739, 1749, 1756, 1769, 1775, 1781. Lamech, 444, 447, 453, 465, 471, 482. Leui, 1696, 1862. Lia, Liam, 820, 1676, 1695, 1702, 1703, 1705. Lote, Loth, 711, 723, 730, 734, 799, 805, 859, 885, 919, 1053, 1065, 1069, 1083, 1091, 1094, 1099, 1133. Luz, Luzan, 1603, 1629. Madian, 2738, 3920, 3950. Malaleel, 443, 499. Mambre, 810, 821, 865, 1033, 1165. Mambres, 2959. Manaim, 1789. Manassen, 2151. Marath, 3299. Maria, 2601, 2615, 3688. Matusale, 443, 514, 515. Melca, 1349, 1377. Melcam, Melcham, 712, 719, 729. Melchisedech, 891. Memphin, 2669. Mesopotaniam, Mesopothaniam, Mesopotanie, 728, 1360, 1745. Metodius, 517. Michael, 3609. Moab, 3917, 4041, 4133. Morie, 1293. Moysen, Moses, Moyses, Moysi, 1903, 2523, 2587, 2631, 2676, 2687, 2691, 2706, 2717, 2725, 2729, 2735, 2750, 2769, 2781, 2806, 2831, 2856, 2859, 2871, 2907, 2909, 2916, 2979, 2981, 3001, 3011, 3015, 3024, 3032, 3034, 3055, 3057, 3063, 3075, 3082, 3083, 3101, 3109, 3113, 3117, 3121, 3133, 3180, 3187, 3230, 3231, 3241, 3249, 3251, 3273, 3285, 3302, 3317, 3331, 3343, 3355, 3374, 3381, 3390, 3397, 3399, 3401, 3403, 3407, 3428, 3444, 3449, 3452, 3467, 3472, 3523, 3527, 3537, 3542, 3553, 3557, 3567, 3573, 3575, 3596, 3618, 3629, 3653, 3671, 3689, 3693, 3730, 3741, 3747, 3750, 3758, 3768, 3770, 3771, 3792, 3799, 3817, 3855, 3864, 3898, 4071, 4085, 4091, 4093, 4099, 4105, 4117, 4138, 4145. Nabachot, 1253. Nacor, Nachor, 703, 710, 719, 729, 734, 1377, 1384. Nemboc, 4129. Nembrot, 659, 673. Neptalim, 1700. Nilus, 676. Noe, 516, 557, 566, 575, 580, 614, 621, 906. Non, 3488. Oba, 879. Ortigie, 3675. "Þe same Delon hatte _Ortygia_; for _ortigie_ (þat beeþ coturnicies, curlewes,) beeþ þerynne greet plenté."—(Higden's Polychronicon, vol. i., p. 309.) Oswas, 3747. Pasche, 3157. Pentapolis, 747, 837. Phaleth, 702. Pharan, 1248, 3646, 3696. Pharao, Pharaon, Pharraon, Pharaun, 774, 1171, 2073, 2095, 2118, 2126, 2137, 2187, 2357, 2394, 2399, 2411, 2539, 2569, 2634, 2733, 2795, 2837, 2862, 2869, 2881, 2931, 2940, 2957, 2965, 2986, 3002, 3008, 3013, 3016, 3022, 3029, 3053, 3064, 3073, 3091, 3098, 3109, 3117, 3123, 3212, 3213, 3259, 3404. Pharaoth (Pi-hahiroth), 3210. Putifar, Putiphar, 1991, 1995, 2009, 2037, 2145. Rachel, 1646, 1653, 1669, 1683, 1688, 1690, 1693, 1697, 1700, 1707, 1886. Raguel, 2741. Ramese, Ramesen, 2416, 2553, 3203. Rafadim, 3352, 3370. Rebecca, 819, 1376, 1393, 1407, 1422, 1460, 1534, 1579, 1587. Rede Se, Reade Se, 1450, 2670. Reu, 703. Ruben, 1696, 1890, 1939, 1959. Saba, 2686. Sale, 701. Salam, 891. Salamon, 1296, 1877. Salem, 904, 1842, 1857. Salmona, 3893. Sarra, Sarrai, Sarray, Saram, 711, 741, 765, 772, 773, 777, 799, 818, 963, 969, 973, 996, 1023, 1170, 1178, 1192, 1196, 1215, 1345. Saruch, 703. Seboys, 838. Sede (Seth), 4042. Sella, 465. Sem, 558, 701, 903. Seth, Seht, 425, 493, 498, 540. Seon, 3911. Sephora, Sephoram, 2763, 2839, 2847, 3401. Seyr, 1836, 1899, 3847. Sichem, 744, 1706, 1841, 1852, 1855, 1863, 1929, 1933. Sichin, 4066. Sin, 3308. Sinay, 3309. Siðhinges lond, 1288. Sodoma, Sodome, 839, 887, 909, 1034, 1050, 1052, 1163. Sochot, Sokoht, Sokoth, 1840, 1841, 3203, 3209. Sur, 3296. Symeon, 1696, 1855, 1862, 2196, 2197, 2265. Syna, Synai, Synay, 2853, 2879, 3362, 3438, 3599, 3640, 3850. Syon-gaber, 3698. Tarbis, 2689, 2695. Thare, 703, 725, 732, 735. Tharam (Charam), 1634. Tema, 1261. Teman, 1262. Teremuth, 2603, 2615, 2628, 2629, 2675. Tubal, 466. Tur ader, 1889. Vephres, 2540. Ydumea, Ydumeam, 1575, 1900. Ysaac, 819, 1198, 1207, 1211, 1213, 1266, 1283, 1287, 1305, 1321, 1325, 1336, 1363, 1406, 1408, 1432, 1451, 1455, 1459, 1475, 1479, 1513, 1527, 1595, 1612, 1656, 1893, 1905, 2784, 3480, 3481. Ysakar, 1704. Ysmael, 1000, 1203, 1212, 1214, 1216, 1223, 1245, 1249, 1265, 1455, 1458. Ysrael, 3381, 3678. Zabri, 4081. Zabulon, 1704. Zelfa, 1678, 1701. INDEX OF RIMES. -A Cedima, _s._ _ða_, _adv. or pron._ 36/1264. Bozra. _See_ ða. Eua, _s._ Sarra, _s._ 24/818. _See_ woa. Fasga, _s._ ðoa, _adv._ 117/4130. Gomorra, _s._ ðoa, _adv._ 24/840. Lia. _See_ Rebecca. Oba, _s._ woa, _s._ 26/880. Rebecca, _s._ Lia, _s._ 24/820. Salmona, _s._ ðoa, _adv._ 110/3894. Sarra. _See_ Eua. Syna, _s._ ðor-fra, _adv._ 82/2880. ða, _adv._ Bozra, _s._ 55/1902. _See_ Cedima. ðoa. _See_ Fasga, Gomorra, Salmona. ðor-fra. _See_ Syna. woa, _s._ Eua, _s._ 7/238. _See_ Oba. -AB Iraab. _See_ bad. -AC Balaac, _s._ spac, _pret._ 114/4030. Ysaac, _s._ swac, _a._ 44/1528; vn-swac, _a._ 35/1212. _See_ wac. spac. _See_ Balaac. swac. _See_ Ysaac. vn-swac. _See_ Ysaac. wac, _a._ Ysaac, _s._ 34/1198. -AD Adad. _See_ rad. bad, _pret._ glad, _a._ 69/2434, 81/2836; Iraab, _s._ 13/442; rad, _a._ 29/998; sad, _pp._ 2/58, 4/116. _See_ rad. glad, _a._ sad, (?) 115/4052. _See_ bad. mad, _pp._ rad, _a._ 78/2730; sad, _pp._ 7/208; shad, _pp._ 5/148. rad, _a. or pp._ Adad, _s._ 71/2482; bad, _pret._ 18/618, 103/3618; sad, _pp._ 51/1784. _See_ bad, mad. sad. _See_ bad, glad, mad, rad, un-mad. shad. _See_ mad. un-mad, _a._ sad, _pp._ 20/672. -ADEN laden. _See_ waden. waden, _inf._ laden, _pp._ 52/1800. -AF chaf, _s._ gaf, _pret._ 82/2890. cuuel-staf. _See_ gaf. gaf, _pret._ cuuel-staf, _s._ 105/3710. _See_ chaf. -AFT craf[t]. _See_ saft. saft, _s._ craf[t], _s._ 111/3900. -AG sag, _pret._ [ðag], 64/2254. -AGE age, _s._ lage, _s._ 115/4058. _See_ dage, lage, ut-lage. dage, _s. dat. pl._ age, _s._ 101/3546. felage, _s._ [vn-]lage, _s._ 51/1762. hore-plage, _s._ lage, _s._ 115/4068. _See_ vn-lage. lage, _s._ age, _s._ 103/3632. _See_ age, hore-plage, plage, sage. plage, _s._ lage, _s._ 16/538. sage, _s._ lage, _s._ 118/4154. vn-lage, _s._ hore-plage, _s._ 16/530. [vn-]lage. _See_ felage. ut-lage, _s._ age, _s._ 13/432. -AGEN agen. _See_ to-dragen. dagen, _s. pl._ _See_ of-slagen. dagen, _inf._ _See_ fagen. dragen, _inf._ _See_ fagen. dragen, _pp._ sagen, _s._ 1/14. _See_ on-sagen, slagen, uuerslagen. fagen, _a._ dagen, _inf._ 1/16; dragen, _inf._ 67/2360, 68/2378; un-slagen, _a._ 38/1332; vt-dragen, _pp._ 81/2856. _See_ slagen. of-slagen, _pp._ dagen, _s. dat. pl._ 116/4078. on-sagen, _s._ dragen, _pp._ 59/2046. sagen. _See_ dragen, _pp._ slagen, _pp._ dragen, _pp._ 98/3458, 106/3722, 108/3806; fagen, _a._ 15/510, 25/854, 101/3560; up-dragen, _pp._ 53/1858; wið-dragen, _inf._ 17/592. _See_ wið-dragen, _pp._ to-dragen, _inf._ agen, _s._ 6/192. un-slagen. _See_ fagen. up-dragen. _See_ slagen. vt-dragen. _See_ fagen. uuerslagen, _s._ dragen, _pp._ 90/3156. wið-dragen, _inf._ _See_ slagen. wið-dragen, _pp._ slagen, _pp._ 113/3984. -AGES dages, _s. pl._ lages, _s. pl._ 117/4120. lages. _See_ dages, plages, daiges. plages, _s. pl._ lages, _s. pl._ 102/3576. -AGT agt. _See_ bi-tagt. bi-lagt, _pp._ bi-tagt, _pp._ 23/774. bi-tagt, _pp._ agt, _s._ 27/924, 117/4122; hagt, _s._ 59/2044; nagt, _s._ 48/1678, 109/3832. _See_ bi-lagt, lagt. dragt, _s._ tagt, _pp._ 106/3746. _See_ tagt. hagt. _See_ bi-tagt, lagt, twin-manslagt. lagt, _pp._ bi-tagt, _pp._ 75/2622; hagt, _s._ 60/2082; nagt, _s._ 89/3142. nagt, _s._ tagt. _pp._ 111/3928. _See_ bi-tagt, lagt. tagt, _pp._ dragt, _s._ 103/3624. _See_ dragt, nagt. twin-manslagt, _s._ hagt, _s._ 14/486. -AI, -AY ay, _adv._ day, _s._ 3/88, 5/156; may, _v._ 1/6. _See_ sunenday. awai. _See_ dai. dai, _s._ awai, _adv._ 18/616; a-wei, _adv._ 50/1750, 66/2306; awei, _adv._ 98/3440; lay, _pret._ 94/3312; mai, _v._ 10/314, 78/2748, 80/2820, 89/3144, 92/3234; wei, _s._ 103/3642. _See_ mai, wei. day, _s._ wey, _s._ 78/2722. _See_ ay, lay, _s._, lay, _pret._ domes-dai, _s._ mai, _v._ 19/646. domes-day, _s._ may, _v._ 15/506. lay, _s._ day, _s._ 35/1202. lay, _pret._ day, _s._ 39/1362. _See_ dai. mai, _v._ dai, _s._ 19/652. _See_ dai, domesdai. may. _See_ ay, domes-day. munendai. _See_ sunedai. sunedai, _s._ munendai, _s._ 3/72. sunenday, _s._ ay, _adv._ 8/262. -AIGES daiges, _s. pl._ daiges, _s. pl._ 71/2472; lages, _s. pl._ 70/2446; laiges, _s. pl._ 70/2456; la[i]ges, _s. pl._ 98/3454. -AKE make, _v. sbj._ take, _v. sbj._ 99/3494. make, _v. imper._ take, _v. sbj._ 98/3456. quake. _See_ gate. sake, _s._ wrake, _s._ 16/552. _See_ snake. snake, _s._ sake, _s._ 80/2806. take. _See_ make (_both_). wrake. _See_ sake. -AKED maked, _pp._ waked, _ pp._ 72/2516. _See_ waked. naked, _a._ waked, _pp._ 11/360. waked, _pp._ maked, _pp._ 70/2470. _See_ maked, naked. -AKEN bi-waken. _See_ smaken. for-saken, _pp._ taken, _inf._ 108/3812. laken, _inf._ waken, _inf._ 35/1232. maken, _v. pl._ raken, _inf._ 61/2132. maken. _inf._ taken, _inf._ 38/1340, 100/3530, 115/4038. _See_ ouer-taken, sake[n], taken (_both_), up-taken, waken. ouer-taken, _pp._ maken, _inf._ 26/878. raken. _See_ maken, _v. pl._, taken, _inf._ sake[n], _s._ maken, _inf._ 106/3732. _See_ taken, _inf._ smaken, _inf._ bi-waken, _inf._ 70/2444. taken, _inf._ maken, _inf._ 77/2698, 87/3070, 101/3548; raken, _inf._ 94/3324; sake[n], _s._ 40/1392. _See_ for-saken, maken, _inf._ taken, _pp._ maken, _inf._ 38/1312, 107/3756. up-taken, _inf._ maken, _inf._ 9/278. waken, _inf._ maken, _inf._ 73/2552. _See_ laken. -AKEÐ quakeð, _v._ 3 _sg._ up-wakeð, _v._ 3 _sg._ 98/3466 -AL al. _See_ wal, _s._ Bal, _s._ wið-al, _adv._ 20/692. Iobal, _s._ wal, _a._ 14/456. moal, _s._ natural, _a._ 3/82. sal, _v._ sal, _v._ 114/4010; wið-al, _adv._ 54/1878. _See_ wal, _a._ ðral, _s._ vt-stal, _pret._ 82/2882. wal, _s._ al, _a._ 4/98. wal, _a._ sal, _v._ 103/3636. _See_ Iobal. wið-al. _See_ Bal, sal. -ALE [bale], _s._ male, _s._ 1/22. bale, _s._ tale, _s._ 16/548, 72/2526. _See_ dale, dwale, tale. bridale. _See_ tale. dale, _s._ bale, _s._ 25/850, 32/1122, 34/1166, 57/1984; dwale, _s._ 1/20; tale, _s._ 22/746, 33/1132; wale, _a._ 26/888. _See_ dwale, tale, wale, _s._ dwale, _s._ bale, _s._ 3/68; dale, _s._ 30/1038; smale, _a._ 115/4056. _See_ dale, tale. male. _See_ [bale]. smale. _See_ dwale, tale. tale, _s._ bale, _s._ 10/322, 58/2038; bridale, _s._ 48/1674; dale, _s._ 5/142; dwale, _s._ 35/1220, 97/3404; smale, _a. pl._ 1/18, 19/656, 82/2892. _See_ bale, dale. wale, _s._ dale, _s._ 24/810, 39/1356. wale, _a._ _See_ dale. -ALEM Ierusalem. _See_ Salem. Salem, _s._ Ierusalem, _s._ 26/890. -AM Abraham, _s._ bi-cam, _pret._ 29/996, 40/1404; cam, _pret._ 36/1268; Canaan, _s._ 99/3478; Ceturam, _s._ 42/1446; for-ðan, _adv._ 34/1190; nam, _pret._ 35/1210, 35/1218. _See_ am, cam, nam, ðan. Abram, _s._ ham, _v._ 27/926; Iurdan, _s._ 23/806; leman, _s._ 23/782; man, _s._ 26/910. _See_ Aram, cam, Melcam, bi-gan. Adam, _s._ cam, _pret._ 7/224, 12/416, 13/446; nam, _pret._ 6/200. _See_ cam, nam. am, _v._ Abraham, _s._ 46/1612. Aram, _s._ Abram, _s._ 21/710, 22/736; Mesopothaniam, _s._ 21/728; nam, _pret._ 46/1600. Balaam, _s._ nam, _pret._ 112/3940. _See_ cam, nam. bi-cam, _pret._ nam, _pret._ 58/2008; up-nam, _pret._ 86/3024. _See_ Abraham, nam. bi-nam. _See_ cam, Dinam. cam, _pret._ Abraham, _s._ 40/1386; Abram, _s._ 21/708; Adam, _s._ 6/172, 11/356; Balaam, _s._ 39/1354; bi-nam, _pret._ 32/1110; Liam, _s._ 48/1676; nam, _pret._ 20/698, 40/1402, 41/1436, 43/1490, 52/1824, 57/1988, 74/2604, 76/2668, 88/3096, 92/3254. _See_ Abraham, Adam, Cananeam, nam, under-nam. Canaan. _See_ Abraham. Cananeam, _s._ cam, _pret._ 51/1786; nam, _pret._ 22/744. _See_ Mesopotaniam. Ceturam. _See_ Abraham. Dinam, _s._ bi-nam, _pret._ 49/1706. gram. _See_ nam. Habram, _s._ nam, _pret._ 22/758. ham. _See_ Abram. Liam. _See_ cam. Melcam, _s._ Abram, _s._ 21/720, 21/730. Mesopotaniam, _s._ Cananeam, _s._ 50/1746. Mesopothaniam. _See_ Aram. nam, _pret._ Abraham, _s._ 79/2784; Adam, _s._ 3/86, 10/338; Balaam, _s._ 49/1698; bi-cam, _pret._ 50/1744, 61/2148, 80/2808; cam, _pret._ 39/1366, 78/2738, 81/2854, 93/3262; Canahan, _s._ 21/726; gram, _a._ 35/1228; Laban, _s._ 48/1654; Saram, _s._ 34/1178; Sellam, _s._ 14/454. _See_ Abraham, Adam, Aram, Balaam, bi-cam, cam, Cananeam, Habram, Sephoram, wið-ðan, tok. ouer-cam, _pret._ Tharam, _s._ 47/1634. Saram. _See_ nam. Sellam. _See_ nam. Sephoram, _s._ nam, _pret._ 79/2764, 81/2840. Tharam. _See_ ouer-cam. under-nam, _pret._ cam, _pret._ 45/1554. up-nam. _See_ bi-cam. -AME frame, _s._ name, _s._ 5/134, 53/1838; tame, _a. pl._ 6/174. _See_ name. hun-frame. _See_ same. lichame. _See_ same. name, _s._ frame, _s._ 18/626, 73/2540; same, _s._ 7/234, 9/302, 13/436; un-frame, _s._ 45/1566. _See_ frame, tame, un-frame. same, _s._ hun-frame, _s._ 16/554; lichame, _s._ 11/350. _See_ name, tame. tame, _a. pl._ name, _s._ 7/222; same, _s._ 85/2972. _See_ frame. un-frame, _s._ name, _s._ 86/3038. _See_ name. -AMEN framen. _See_ samen, to samen. gamen, _s._ samen, _adv._ 12/412, 58/2016. _See_ name[n], un-framen. name[n], _s._ gamen, _s._ 99/3498. samen, _adv._ framen, _inf._ 47/1642. _See_ gamen. to samen, _adv._ framen, _v._ 89/3146. un-framen, _inf._ gamen, _s._ 35/1214. -AN Basaan. _See_ Iordan. bi-gan, _pret._ Abram, _s._ 27/922. _See_ man, wapman. Caynan. _See_ can. can, _v._ Caynan, _s._ 15/498; ouer-man, _s._ 97/3424. _See_ man. Canaan, _s._ gan, _pret._ 95/3350. _See_ man. Canahan. _See_ nam. Chanaan, _s._ for-ðan, _adv._ 62/2158; man, _s._ 68/2392. for-ðan, _conj._ _See_ man. for-ðan, _adv._ Madian, _s._ 111/3920; Teman, _s._ 36/1262. _See_ Abraham, Chanaan, Laban, man. forð-ran, _pret._ wimman, _s._ 75/2620. gan, _pret._ Laban, _s._ 45/1582, 47/1644; man, _s._ 81/2832; Pharan, _s._ 104/3646. _See_ Canaan, man, ran. Iordan, _s._ Basaan, _s._ 111/3916. _See_ ðan. Iurdan. _See_ Abram. Laban, _s._ for-ðan, _adv._ 41/1422. _See_ nam, gan, ran. leman. _See_ Abram. Madian. _See_ for-ðan, _adv._, man. man, _s._ bi-gan, _pret._ 6/188, 7/236, 13/448, 69/2408; can, _v._ 76/2650, 82/2872, 97/3426; Canaan, _s._ 23/798; for-ðan, _conj._ 57/1996; for-ðan, _adv._ 86/3028; forðan, _adv._ 90/3162; gan, _pret._ 116/4080; Madian, _s._ 78/2742; ðan, _pron._ 80/2792. _See_ Abram, Chanaan, gan, ðan, wið-ðan, Moysen. ouer-man. _See_ can. Pharan. _See_ gan, ðan. ran, _pret._ gan, _pret._ 44/1534; Laban, _s._ 40/1394. san, _s._ (= schond). wimman, _s._ 11/374. Teman. _See_ for-ðan, _adv._ ðan, _pron._ Abraham, _s._ 91/3202; Iordan, _s._ 25/868; man, _s._ 14/472; Pharan, _s._ 36/1248, 105/3696. _See_ man. wapman, _s._ bi-gan, _pret._ 29/1002. wimman. _See_ forð-ran, san. wið-ðan, _adv._ man, _s._ 40/1410; nam, _pret._ 14/482. -ANC dranc. _See_ ðhanc. ranc. _See_ swanc. swanc, _pret._ ranc, _pret._ 48/1658. ðhanc, _s._ dranc, _pret._ 48/1660. -AND fand, ? land, _s._ 106/3738. -ANDE specande, _pres. p._ lockende, _pres. p._ 80/2822. -ANE hane. _See_ wane. wane, _a._ hane, 95/3354. -AR Agar, _s._ bar, _pret._ 28/966, 36/1250. bar, _pret._ Ysakar, _s._ 49/1704; war, _a._ 38/1308, 42/1462, 59/2062, 62/2150, 113/3966. _See_ Agar, Cedar, war. Cedar, _s._ bar, _pret._ 36/1258. Eleazar, _s._ war, _a._ 117/4112. Eliazar, _s._ or, _adv._ 116/4092. Ysakar. _See_ bar. Putifar, _s._ to-bar, _pret._ 61/2146. war, _a._ bar, _pret._ 21/722. _See_ bar, Eleazar. -ARD forward. _See_ hard, on hard, stiward. hard, _a._ forward, _s._ 64/2236, 87/3062, 88/3100. _See_ wiðer-ward. hard, _adv._ _See_ heuene-ward. heuene-ward, _adv._ hard, _adv._ 86/3026. on hard, _pp._ forward, _s._ 86/3014. stiward, _s._ forward, _s._ 57/1992, 65/2264. wiðer-ward, _a._ hard, _a._ 84/2936. -ARE care, _s._ fare, _s._ 41/1434; gare, _adv._ 12/390; lecher-fare, _s._ 23/776. chafare, _s._ ware, _s._ 56/1952. chare, _v. sbj._ _See_ fare, _inf._ fare, _s._ gare, _adv._ 90/3180; ware, _s._ 57/1990, 79/2772. _See_ care. fare, _inf._ chare, _v. sbj._ 68/2390; fare, _v._ 1 _sg._ _See_ ware. gare. _See_ care, fare, _s._, vt-fare. lecher-fare. _See_ care. vt-fare, _pres. subj._ gare, _a. or adv._ 82/2866. ware, _s._ fare, _v._ 1 _sg._ 27/930. _See_ chafare, fare, _s._ -AREN baren. _See_ mis-faren, _inf._ charen, _inf._ ut-faren, _inf._ 87/3056. _See_ faren, _inf._, mis-faren, _pp._ charen, _v. pl._ _See_ faren (_both_). faren, _inf._ charen, _inf._ 49/1712, 70/2436, 110/3878; charen, _v. pl._ 86/3010; garen, _inf._ 5/138, 90/3168. _See_ garen. faren, _v. pl._ charen, _v. pl._ 105/3704; waren, _inf._ 62/2154. for-faren, _inf._ waren, _pret._ 31/1088. _See_ vt-pharen. garen, _inf._ faren, _inf._ 41/1418, 46/1596. _See_ faren, _inf._ mis-faren, _inf._ baren, _inf._ 55/1912. mis-faren, _pp._ charen, _inf._ 113/3986. ut-faren. _See_ charen, _inf._ vt-pharen, _inf._ for-faren, _inf._ 86/3018, 87/3072. waren, _inf._ _See_ faren, _v. pl._ waren, _pret._ _See_ for-faren. -ARP sarp, _a._ warp, _pret._ 102/3578. -AS bras, _s._ was, _pret._ 14/462, 14/468, 100/3532, 108/3790. _See_ was. Iudas. _See_ was. was, _pret._ bras, _s._ 111/3898; Gerasis, _s._ 41/1432; Iudas, _s._ 49/1696. _See_ bras. -ASIS Gerasis. _See_ was. -AST blast, _s._ fast, _adv._ 100/3522; gast, _s._ 6/202. _See_ cast. brast. _See_ fast. cast, _pret._ blast, _s._ 98/3464. fast, _adv._ brast, _pret._ 52/1808. _See_ blast. gast. _See_ blast. -AT bat. _See_ sat. bi-gat, _pret._ ðat, _pron._ 50/1728. _See_ mat, sat, get, _adv._ for-gat. _See_ ðat. for-quat, _adv._ ðat, _pron._ 34/1180, 59/2054. mat, _a._ bi-gat, _pret._ 46/1590. reclefat. _See_ ðat. reklefat, _s._ ðat, _pron._ 107/3762. sat, _s._ bat, _pret._ 26/882; bi-gat, _pret._ 23/796; ðat, _pron._ 90/3170. ðat, _pron._ for-gat, _pret._ 60/2092; reclefat, _s._ 107/3782. _See_ bi-gat, for-quat, reklefat, sat. -ATE gate, _s._ quake, 30/1054. -AÐ Galaað. _See_ glað. glað, _a._ Galaað, _s._ 51/1780. -ATH Marath, _s._ wlath, _a._ 94/3300. -AÐE glaðe, _a._ scaðe, _s._ 66/2298. raðe, _adv._ scaðe, _s._ 66/2314. scaðe. _See_ glaðe, raðe. -AUE haue. _See_ knaue. knaue, _s._ haue, _inf._ 81/2848. -AUEN auen. _See_ grauen, _pp._ bi-crauen. _See_ hauen, _inf._ caue[n], _s._ grauen, _pp._ 33/1138. crauen, _inf._ hauen, _inf._ 48/1668. _See_ hauen, _inf._ crauen, _v. pl._ hauen, _v. pl._ 90/3172. grauen, _inf._ _See_ hauen, _v. pl._, ðhauen. grauen, _pp._ auen, _inf._ 43/1512; hauen, _inf._ 69/2432. _See_ caue[n]. hauen, _inf._ bi-crauen, _inf._ 40/1388; crauen, _inf._ 38/1320, 40/1408, 49/1718, 68/2366, 89/3116. _See_ crauen, _inf._, grauen, _pp._, ðauen, _inf._ hauen, _v. pl._ grauen, _inf._ 107/3778. _See_ crauen, _v. pl._ ðauen, _inf._ hauen, _inf._ 89/3140. ðhauen, _inf._ grauen, _inf._ 9/276. -E be. _See_ fe, me, paschë, se, _s._, tre. bee. _See_ bi-se. Bersabë. _See_ fre, me. birðheltre, _s._ he, _pron. sg._ 4/120. bi-se, _v._ bee, _v._ 116/4108. ble, _s._ he, _pron. sg._ 14/458; se, _s._ 22/750. Cariatharbë, _s._ citë, _s._ 24/814. charitë. _See_ fre. citë, _s._ se, _s._ 76/2670. _See_ Cariatharbë. Cratonidë, _s._ se, _s._ 42/1450. Eufratë, _s._ se, _s._ 36/1256. fe, _s._ be, _v._ 23/784. he, _pron. sg._ 13/440; sre (? fre), _a._ 58/2018. fre, _a._ Bersabë, _s._ 37/1274; charitë, _s._ 29/1016; ðre, _a._ 18/624. _See_ se, _s._ he, _pron. sg._ _See_ birðheltre, ble, fe, Salë. he, _pron. pl._ ðhre, _a._ 5/152. _See_ ðre. Iosuë, _s._ ðe, _pron._ 117/4110. kne. _See_ Matusalë. Mambre, _s._ ðre, _a._ 29/1006. Matusalë, _s._ kne, _s._ 13/444; Noë, _s._ 15/516. me, _pron._ be, _inf._ 98/3448; be, _sbj._ 67/2334; Bersabë, _s._ 37/1282; se, _s._ 92/3238; ðe, _pron._ 37/1290, 113/3976; ðre, _a._ 60/2078. _See_ ðe. Noë. _See_ Matusalë, Tharë. paschë, _s._ be, _v._ 90/3158. Ramesë. _See_ scitë. Salë, _s._ he, _pron. sg._ 21/702. scitë, _s._ Ramesë, _s._ 69/2416. se, _s._ be, _inf._ 32/1124; fre, _a._ 88/3098, 92/3244; tre, _s._ 99/3476. _See_ ble, citë, Cratonidë, Eufratë, me. se, _v._ 1 _sg._ ðe, _pron._ 114/4036. she, _pron._ ðe, _pron._ 55/1926. sre (for fre). _See_ fe. Tharë, _s._ Noë, _s._ 21/704. ðe, _pron._ me, _pron._ 45/1570. _See_ Iosuë, me, se, _v._ 1 _sg._, she. ðhre. _See_ he, _pron. pl._ ðre, _a._ he, _pron. pl._ 30/1034. _See_ fre, Mambre, me, win-tre. tre, _s._ be, _inf._ 36/1236. _See_ se, _s._ win-tre, _s._ ðre, _a._ 59/2060. -EAD abead, _pret._ _See_ dead, _s._ a-bead. _See_ dead, _a._ b[e]ad, _pret._ dead, _a._ 86/3020, 108/3802. bead, _pret._ dead, _s._ 31/1060, 96/3384, 116/4086; dead, _a._ 88/3106. _See_ bread, dead, _a._ bread, _s._ bead, _pret._ 90/3154, 95/3340; for-bead, _pp._ 95/3332. dead, _s._ (= dede). for-bead, _pret._ 85/2984. dead, _s._ abead, _pret._ 13/422, 110/3862. _See_ bead, for-bead, _pret._, qu[e]ad, read, _s._, for-bed, red, _s._ dead, _a._ a-bead, _pret._ 109/3856; bead, _pret._ 71/2494, 79/2768; read, _s._ 100/3508; red, _s._ 72/2514; un-red, _s._ 55/1906. _See_ b[e]ad, bead, read, _a._, opened, red, _s._ for-bead, _pret._ dead, _s._ 10/312; frigti-hed, _s._ 16/542. _See_ dead, _s._ for-bead, _pp._ _See_ bread. qu[e]ad, _s._ dead, _s._ 115/4064. read, _s._ dead, _s._ 104/3664. _See_ dead, _a._ read, _a._ dead, _a._ 84/2946. -EAF bi-leaf. _See_ leaf. leaf, _s._ bi-leaf, _pret._ 79/2776. -EAI (= AI) deai. _See_ a-wei. -EAM bernteam. _See_ eam. eam, _s._ bernteam, _s._ 106/3748. -EAR ear, _adv._ ðear, _adv._ 31/1090. -ECH Amalech, _s._ wrech, _s._ 96/3396. -ED bed, _s._ for-dred, _pp._ 85/2974. bed, _pret._ bred, _s._ 59/2048. _See_ bred, ded. bred, _s._ bed, _pret._ 29/1014. _See_ bed, _pret._ ded, _s._ bed, _pret._ 8/258. _See_ for-bed. dred, _s._ gred, _s._ 92/3230; red, _s._ 76/2672, 87/3044; sinfulhed, _s._ 6/180; sped, _s._ 74/2576. _See_ red, _s._, sped, _s._, reed. faire-hed. _See_ lechur-hed. fed, _pp._ leð, _s._ 95/3348. fetthed, _s._ fulsum-hed, _s._ 45/1548. for-bed, _pret._ dead, _s._ 38/1330; ded, _s._ 7/214. for-dred, _pp._ for-red, _pp._ 63/2192; led, _pp._ 45/1558, 84/2954; red, _s._ 108/3808; sped, _pp._ 94/3314. _See_ bed, _s._ for-red. _See_ for-dred. frigti-hed. _See_ for-bead, _pret._, sped, _s._ fulsum-hed. _See_ fetthed. godefrigtihed, _s._ red, _s._ 15/496. godfulhed. _See_ reed. gred, _s._ red, _s._ 106/3718. _See_ dred. idel-hed. _See_ led, _s._ lechur-hed, _s._ faire-hed, _s._ 57/1998. led, _s._ idel-hed, _s._ 2/28. led, _inf._ _See_ red, _s._ led, _pp._ spred, _pp._ 19/650. _See_ for-dred, of-dred. louerd-hed. _See_ spred. maiden-hed. _See_ red, _s._ manliched, _s._ red, _s._ 1/24. ned, _s._ red, _s._ 64/2242. _See_ red, _s._, sped, _s._, witter-hed, reed. of-dred, _pp._ led, _pp._ 112/3956. opened, _pp._ dead, _a._ 12/388. red, _s._ dead, _s._ 12/402, 102/3590; dead, _a._ 51/1768; dred, _s._ 19/660; led, _inf._ 115/4060; maiden-hed, _s._ 53/1852; ned, _s._ 72/2524; sped, _s._ 8/240, 9/310, 46/1598, 50/1738, 56/1950, 61/2138, 73/2548, 83/2922, 108/3820, 115/4048. _See_ dead, _a._, dred, for-dred, godefrigtihed, gred, manliched, ned, sed, sped, _s._, sped, _inf._, tamehed, wurðfulhed. red, _inf._ sped, _s._ 81/2830. rigt-wished. _See_ sped, _s._ sed, _s._ red, _s._ 46/1614; sped, _s._ 4/122. sinfulhed. _See_ dred. sped, _s._ dred, _s._ 54/1880; frigtihed, _s._ 64/2222; ned, _s._ 1/26; red, _s._ 31/1084, 85/2996, 112/3930; reed, _s._ 35/1222; rigt-wished, _s._ 27/936. _See_ dred, red, _s._, red, _inf._, sed. sped, _inf._ red, _s._ 46/1586. sped, _pp._ _See_ for-dred. spred, _pp._ louerd-hed, _s._ 24/832, _See_ led, _pp._ tamehed, _s._ red, _s._ 43/1486. un-red. _See_ dead, _a._ ut-led, _pp._ ut-sped, _pp._ 90/3178. witter-hed, _s._ ned, _s._ 104/3668. wurðfulhed, _s._ red, _s._ 99/3500. -EDE bede, _s._ dede, _pret._ 19/632; stede, _s._ 85/2982, 104/3654, 107/3772. child-hede. _See_ dede, _pret._ dede, _s._ _See_ stede. dede, _pret._ child-hede, _s._ 76/2652; estdede, _s._ 79/2758; mide, _adv._ 71/2478; ride, _s._ 112/3950; stede, _s._ 7/212, 20/680, 26/884, 38/1336, 54/1882, 54/1888, 69/2414, 94/3302, 117/4116; ðor-mide, _adv._ 76/2656. _See_ bede, quede, stede, mide. estdede. _See_ dede, _pret._ for-dede. _See_ stede. mis-dede, _pret._ stede, _s._ 53/1848. quede, _s._ dede, _pret._ 42/1464. stede, _s._ dede, _s._ 15/502; dede, _pret._ 2/42, 4/118, 18/606, 21/724, 22/762, 37/1298, 37/1302, 50/1742, 54/1896, 56/1948, 57/1986, 70/2468, 75/2630, 75/2638, 91/3204, 95/3346, 110/3890, 114/4016, 117/4140; for-dede, _pret._ 13/426. _See_ bede, dede, _pret._, mis-dede, undede, vn-dede, deden, queðe. undede, _pret._ stede, _s._ 17/582. vn-dede, _pret._ stede, _s._ 84/2956. wech-dede. _See_ mide. -EDEN beden. _See_ deden. deden, _pret. pl._ beden, _pp._ 63/2212; stede, _s._ 94/3296; stede[n], _s._ 101/3552; steden, _s. sg._ 32/1114. _See_ steden, _s. pl._, abiden. leden, _inf._ ðeden, _s. pl._ 66/2302. _See_ speden. speden, _inf._ leden, _inf._ 66/2304. stede[n]. _See_ deden. steden, _s. sg._ _See_ deden. steden, _s. pl._ deden, _pret. pl._ 98/3442. ðeden, _s. pl._ _See_ leden. ðeden, _adv._ queðen, _inf._ 51/1792. -EED reed, _s._ dred, _s._ 20/694; godfulhed, _s._ 2/56; ned, _s._ 36/1242. _See_ sped, _s._ -EEN seen. _See_ ben, _inf._ teen. _See_ a-gen, _adv._ treen. _See_ ben, _inf._ -EET neet, _s. pl._ gret, _a._ 60/2098. -EF Calef, _s._ lef, _a._ 106/3740; ref, _a._ 106/3726. dref. _See_ lef. lef, _a._ dref, _s._ 118/4144. _See_ Calef, ðef. ref. _See_ Calef. ðef, _s._ lef, _a._ 51/1774. -EG bi-teg. _See_ dreg. dreg, _pret._ bi-teg, _pret._ 82/2878; fleg, _pret._ 13/430. _See_ heg. fleg, _pret._ teg, _pret._ 104/3644. _See_ dreg, teg. heg, _a._ dreg, _pret._ 17/566; ðeg, _pret._ 58/2012. _See_ ðheg. neg. _See_ on-dreg. on-dreg, _adv._ neg, _adv._ 94/3320. steg, _pret._ teg, _pret._ 10/320. teg, _pret._ fleg, _pret._ 33/1136. _See_ fleg, steg. ðeg. _See_ heg. ðheg, _pret._ heg, _a._ 79/2780. -EI, -EY a-wei, _adv._ deai, _s._ 25/862. _See_ dai, grei. dei, _s._ weila-wei, _int._ 60/2088. grei, _a._ a-wei, _adv._ 50/1724. wei, _s._ dai, _s._ 41/1430. _See_ dai. wey. _See_ day. weila-wei. _See_ dei. -EID leid, _pp._ seid, _pp._ 69/2428. _See_ seid. seid, _pp._ leid, _pp._ 69/2426. _See_ leid. -EIM greim. _See_ swem. -EIN a-gein, _postp._ rein, _s._ 95/3326. -EKEN bi-speken, _pret. pl._ i-wreken, _pp._ 53/1856. breken, _sbj. pres._ wreken, _sbj. pres._ 90/3148. i-wreken. _See_ bi-speken. reken, _a._ speken, _inf._ 99/3486. speken, _inf._ vnsteken, _inf._ 81/2828; wreken, _inf._ 99/3474; wreken, _pp._ 58/2028. _See_ reken, vn-reken, wreken, _pp._ vn-reken, _a._ speken, _inf._ 80/2818. vnsteken. _See_ speken. weken. _See_ wreken, _pp._ wreken, _inf._ _See_ speken. wreken, _sbj. pres._ _See_ breken. wreken, _pp._ speken, _inf._ 87/3068; weken, _pp._ 93/3282. _See_ speken. -EL Abel. _See_ sel. Anel, _s._ wel, _adv._ 24/822, 25/866. Batuel. _See_ sel. Beseël, _s._ wel, _adv._ 100/3534. Besseleël, _s._ wel, _adv._ 103/3622. Betel, _s._ sel, _s._ 54/1866; wel, _adv._ 47/1632, 54/1884. del, _s._ wel, _adv._ 17/568, 26/896, 92/3240, 96/3378, 112/3934. _See_ Israel, mel, wel. hostel, _s._ kamel, _s._ 40/1398. Ysmael, _s._ mel, _s._ 36/1246; sel, _s._ 35/1204, 35/1224; wel, _adv._ 36/1266, 42/1456. Israel, _s._ del, _s._ 98/3450; Phanuel, _s._ 52/1820; wel, _adv._ 52/1816, 68/2382, 82/2864, 92/3246, 96/3374, 96/3392, 114/4024, 118/4150, 118/4152. _See_ sel, wel. Ysrael, _s._ wel, _adv._ 88/3108, 96/3382. _See_ wel. kamel, _s._ wel, _adv._ 40/1380. _See_ hostel. mel, _s._ del, _s._ 43/1510. _See_ Ysmael, sel, wel. Michael, _s._ wel, _adv._ 103/3610. ostel. _See_ wel. Phanuel, _s._ wel, _adv._ 52/1822. _See_ Israel. Rachel _s._ wel, _adv._ 48/1670, 48/1684. _See_ wel. sel _s._ Abel, _s._ 13/418; Batuel, _s._ 39/1376; Israel, _s._ 115/4066; mel, _s._ 59/2052; sumdel, _adv._ 79/2770; wel, _adv._ 32/1096, 43/1504, 44/1546, 73/2542. _See_ Betel, Ysmael, wel. Smael. _See_ wel. sumdel. _See_ sel. wel, _adv._ del, _s._ 7/230, 27/914, 31/1062, 32/1092, 38/1324, 41/1444, 58/2010, 83/2906, 97/3422, 113/3988, 114/4014; Israel, _s._ 97/3406; Ysrael, _s._ 53/1846, 104/3678; mel, _s._ 30/1020, 43/1484, 44/1542, 69/2412; ostel, _s._ 31/1056, 44/1522; Rachel, _s._ 47/1646; sel, _s._ 27/928, 30/1032, 34/1184, 68/2388, 74/2582, 99/3502; Smael, _s._ 28/982; wel, _adv._ 66/2300. _See_ Anel, Beseël, Besseleël, Betel, del, Ysmael, Israel, Ysrael, kamel, Michael, Phanuel, Rachel, sel. -ELD for-held. _See_ tgeld. tgeld, _s._ for-held, _pret._ 5/2026. -ELE for-hele. _See_ stele. stele, _v. sbj._ for-hele, _v. sbj._ 100/3512. -ELEN for-helen, _inf._ stelen, _inf._ 74/2594. helen. _See_ stelen. stelen, _inf._ helen, _inf._ 30/1036. _See_ for-helen. -ELLEN tellen, _inf._ welle[n], _s._ 79/2756. -EM bem. _See_ drem. berem-tem, _s._ Ierusalem, _s._ 111/3904. beren-tem. _See_ drem. drem, _s._ bem, _s._ 46/1606; beren-tem, _s._ 28/954; em, _s._ 51/1758; strem, _s._ 60/2096. em. _See_ drem. gem. _See_ rem. hem. _See_ Sichem, Effraym. Ierusalem. _See_ berem-tem. rem, _s._ gem, _s._ 75/2614. _See_ swem. Salem. _See_ Sem, Sichem. Sem, _s._ Salem, _s._ 26/904. Sichem, _s._ hem, _pron. pl._ 54/1872, 55/1930; Salem, _s._ 53/1842. strem. _See_ drem. swem, _s._ greim, _s._ 12/392; rem, _s._ 56/1962. -EN a-gen, (agen) _adv._ ben, _inf._ 12/406, 28/980, 46/1616, 59/2072, 67/2338, 75/2624, 93/3268, 98/3436, 106/3734, 115/4046; ben, _v. pl._ 67/2350, 92/3228, 106/3720; gon, _inf._ 107/3770; leten, _inf._ 101/3544; sen, _inf._ 32/1098, 56/1960, 80/2794, 80/2812, 109/3834, 112/3946; teen, _inf._ 39/1344; ten, _inf._ 81/2850; under-gon, _inf._ 33/1160; vt-ten, _inf._ 114/4004. _See_ ben, _inf._, ben, _v. pl._, sen, _inf._ agen, _postp._ sen, _inf._ 116/4076. _See_ Moysen, neðer-ten, sen, _inf._ (= say), sen, _inf._, ston. amen. _See_ bi-twen, men. ben, _inf._ agen, _adv._ 18/604, 64/2250, 77/2708, 82/2884; bi-twen, _postp._ 51/1776, 69/2406; flen, _inf._ 7/218, 31/1086, 92/3224; Moysen, _s._ 97/3428; quuen, _s._ 9/296; seen, _inf._ 70/2438; sen, _inf._ 12/394, 28/956, 39/1370, 47/1626, 47/1630, 52/1810, 61/2130, 75/2628, 86/3030, 86/3036, 87/3042, 94/3316; sen, _pp._ 30/1030; ten, _inf._ 27/934; tgen, _v._ 109/3824; ðen, _inf._ 45/1550; treen, _s. pl._ 37/1278. _See_ a-gen, _adv._, bi-sen, _inf._, bi-sen, _pp._, bi-twen, flen, _inf._, flen, _v. pl._, Gersen, men, Moysen, sen, _inf._, sren, ten, _inf._, ðen, _inf._, ðor-gen, wen. ben, _v. pl._ a-gen, _adv._ 105/3706; bi-sen, _inf._ 97/3414; bi-ten, _v. pl._ 103/3626; flen, _v. pl._ 97/3432; sen, _inf._ 9/298, 33/1130, 62/2170, 62/2178; sen, _v. pl._ 6/140; ðen, _v. pl._ 33/1128. _See_ a-gen, _adv._, flen, _v. pl._, Ramesen, sen, _inf._, sen, _v. pl._, steres-men, ðor bi-twen, in. ben, _v. sbj. sg._ _See_ sen, _inf._ bimen. _See_ Moysen, Moyses. bi-sen, _inf._ ben, _inf._ 38/1314, 61/2142. _See_ ben, _v. pl._ bi-sen, _pp._ ben, _inf._ 41/1412. bi-ten. _See_ ben, _v. pl._ bi-twen, _postp._ amen, _int._ 72/2536; ben, _inf._ 8/252, 55/1928; ben, _v. pl._ 46/1602; sen, _inf._ 76/2664. _See_ ben, _inf._, men, Moysen, sen, _inf._ chapmen. _See_ ten, _a._ Eden, _s._ men, _s. pl._ 13/434. Egipcien, _s._ sen, _inf._ 88/3104; sen, _pp._ 78/2720. fen. _See_ men. flen, _inf._ ben, _inf._ 26/876; ten, _inf._ 113/3968; then, _inf._ 44/1514. _See_ ben, _inf._, wen. flen, _v. pl._ ben, _inf._ 77/2686; ben, _v. pl._ 116/4074; ten, _v. pl._ 25/856. _See_ ben, _v. pl._, Moysen. forsweðen. _See_ seien. hore-men. _See_ Moysen. Gersen, _s._ ben, _inf._ 67/2354; men, _s. pl._ 77/2710, 84/2950, 87/3052, 89/3122. _See_ hirde-men, men. herte-bren. _See_ men. hirde-men, _s. pl._ Gersen, _s._ 68/2396. hore-men. _See_ Moysen. kinnes-men. _See_ Moysen. len. _See_ s[l]en. leten. _See_ a-gen, _adv._ men, _s. pl._ amen, _int._ 118/4162; ben, _inf._ 72/2534; bi-twen, _postp._ ⅛; fen, _s._ 15/490; Gersen, _s._ 68/2364; herte-bren, _s._ 115/4054; ren, (?) 91/3218; ten, _a._ 107/3752; wimmen, _s. pl._ 90/3176. _See_ Eden, Gersen, ren, wimmen. Moysen, _s._ agen, _postp._ 85/3002; ben, _inf._ 75/2632, 83/2910, 89/3134, 96/3394, 103/3630; bimen, _s._ 82/2894; bi-men, _s._ 104/3660; bi-twen, _postp._ 100/3524; flen, _v. pl._ 89/3118; hore-men, _s. pl._ 115/4072; kinnes-men, _s. pl._ 97/3400; man, _s._ 88/3110; sen, _inf._ 101/3554. _See_ ben, _inf._ neðer-ten, _inf._ a-gen, _postp._ 101/3568. quuen. _See_ ben, _inf._ Ramesen, _s._ ben, _v. pl._ 73/2554. ren, _s._ men, _s. pl._ ½. _See_ men. seien, _inf._ forsweðen, _inf._ 33/1140. sen, _inf._ (= say). a-gen, _postp._ 52/1796; sen, _inf._ agen, _adv._ 106/3724; a-gen, _postp._ 58/2030, 113/3980; ben, _inf._ 7/226, 29/1012, 39/1374, 45/1560, 45/1572, 55/1924, 57/1972, 57/1980, 69/2420, 76/2660, 83/2928, 89/3136, 91/3212, 107/3764, 116/4102; ben, _v. pl._ 9/280, 81/2834, 84/2942, 93/3258, 105/3700; ben, _v. sbj. sg._ 48/1664; bi-twen, _postp._ 103/3616; ten, _inf._ 36/1238. _See_ a-gen, _adv._, agen, _postp._, ben, _inf._, ben, _v. pl._, bi-twen, Egipcien, Moysen, tren. sen, _v. pl._ ben, _v. pl._ 102/3594. _See_ ben, _v. pl._ sen, _pp._ _See_ ben, _inf._, Egipcien, wen. s[l]en, _inf._ len, _s._ 81/2838. slen, _inf._ ðor agen, _adv._ 106/3730. sren (_for_ fren), _inf._ ben, _inf._ 32/1104. steres-men, _s. pl._ ben, _v. pl._ 97/3430; tgen, _a._ 97/3418. ten, _a._ chapmen, _s. pl._ 56/1956. _See_ men. ten, _inf._ ben, _inf._ 55/1914, 56/1954, 86/3006. _See_ a-gen, _adv._, ben, _inf._, flen, _inf._, sen, _inf._ ten, _v. pl._ _See_ flen, _v. pl._ tgen, _v._ _See_ ben, _inf._ tgen, _a._ _See_ steres-men. then. _See_ flen, _inf._ ðen, _inf._ ben, _inf._ 5/164, 23/804, 76/2646, 114/4008. _See_ ben, _inf._ ðen, _v. pl._ _See_ ben, _v. pl._ ðor agen. _See_ slen. ðor bi-twen, _adv._ ben, _v. pl._ 63/2204. ðor-gen, _adv._ ben, _inf._ 80/2798. tren, _s. pl._ sen, _inf._ 94/3306. vt-ten. _See_ a-gen, _adv._ wapmen, _s. pl._ wimmen, _s. pl._ 88/3076. wen, _s._ ben, _inf._ 108/3810; flen, _inf._ 93/3272; sen, _pp._ 3/74. wimmen, _s. pl_. men, _s. pl_. 19/654. _See_ men, wapmen. -ENDE lockende. _See_ specande. -ENG streng, _s._ under-feng, _pret._ 14/480. -ENT bi-ment. _See_ went. brent. _See_ sent. firmament, _s._ sent, _pp._ 3/96; went, _pp._ 5/136. present, _s._ sent, _pp._ 53/1832, 65/2274. ſent. _See_ went. sent, _pp._ brent, _pp._ 19/642; went, _pp._ 74/2600, 82/2896. _See_ firmament, present, ðusent, went. shent. _See_ went. ðusent, _s._ sent, _pp._ 16/528. went, _pp._ bi-ment, _pp._ 63/2202; ſent, _pp._ 71/2490; sent, _pp._ 66/2312; shent, _pp._ 22/754. _See_ firmament, sent. -EON ageon. _See_ Seon. Seon, _s._ ageon, _postp._ 111/3912. -EP dep. _See_ slep. Iosep, _s._ wep, _s._ 67/2328. kep, _s._ lep, _pret._ 78/2726; sep, _s._ 27/940, 38/1334, 50/1740. _See_ sep, slep. lep. _See_ kep. sep, _s._ kep, _s._ 49/1720, 78/2746, 89/3112. _See_ kep. slep, _pret._ dep, _a._ 56/1942; kep, _s._ 28/968. swep. _See_ Ioseph. wep, _s._ _See_ Iosep, wep, _pret._ wep, _pret._ wep, _s._ 110/3888. -EPH (= ep). Caleph, _s._ weph, _s._ 116/4096. Ioseph, _s._ swep, _s._ 60/2086. weph. _See_ Caleph. -ER Ader, _s._ ðer, _adv._ 54/1890. alter, _s._ der, _s._ 114/4020; ðer, _adv._ 101/3550. Asser. _See_ ber. aucter. _See_ der. ber, _pret._ Asser, _s._ 49/1702. buteler, _s._ ðer, _adv._ 61/2116. butuler, _s._ her, _adv._ 59/2056. der, _s._ aucter, _s._ 18/612; her, _adv._ 6/170, 6/184, 9/300, 57/1976, 114/4026; ner, _adv._ 14/478. _See_ alter, her, ner. Eliezer, _s._ fer, _adv._ 39/1360. _See_ ner, ðer. fer, _a._ ner, _adv._ 105/3694, 107/3786. fer, _adv._ _See_ Eliezer. ger, _s._ her, _adv._ 30/1022, 48/1686, 49/1716, 50/1732, 70/2464, 106/3744; mester, _s._ 16/532, 16/536; ner, _adv._ 42/1460; Syon-gaber, _s._ 105/3698; ðer, _adv._ 91/3200. _See_ her, ner, ðor. her, _adv._ der, _s._ 6/178; ger, _s._ 5/150, 27/918, 42/1478, 49/1710. _See_ butuler, der, ger. mester. _See_ ger. ner, _adv. or postp._ der, _s._ 14/474; Eliezer, _s._ 40/1396; ger, _s._ 49/1692; ðer, _adv._ 47/1648, 75/2612. _See_ der, fer, _a._, ger. prisuner. _See_ ðer. Syon-gaber. _See_ ger. ðer, _adv._ Eliezer, _s._ 79/2766; prisuner, _s._ 59/2042. _See_ Ader, alter, buteler, ger, ner. -ERD erd, _s._ sperd, _pp._ 12/384. _See_ sperd. middel-erd, _s._ sperd, _pp._ 3/94. offerd. _See_ swerd. sperd, _pp._ erd, _s._ 60/2094. _See_ erd, middel-erd. swerd, _s._ offerd, _pp._ 81/2844. -ERE answere, _s._ dere, _s._ 106/3742; dere, _v. sbj._ 101/3566. bere, _v. sbj._ dere, _v. sbj._ 100/3514. childre-bere, _a._ gere, _s._ 42/1466. dere, _s._ _See_ answere, here, were (= husband). dere, _v. sbj._ _See_ answere, bere. gere, _s._ _See_ childre-bere. gere, _a._ _See_ smere. here, _s._ dere, _s._ 85/2970, 91/3214; were, _s._ (= war) 51/1788; were, _s._ (= defence) 76/2680. huntere, _s._ tiliere, _s._ 43/1482. smere, _s._ gere, _a._ 45/1574. tiliere. _See_ huntere. were, _s._ (= husband). dere, _s._ 46/1588. _See_ here. were (= war). _See_ here. were (= defence). _See_ here. -EREN answeren, _s._ weren, _inf._ 76/2674. beren, _inf._ deren, _inf._ 23/788, 54/1868, 73/2558. _See_ weren, _inf._ beren, _pret. pl._ deren, _inf._ 34/1188. deren, _inf._ weren, _inf._ 37/1272, 52/1794, 73/2564, 78/2750. _See_ beren, _inf._, beren, _pret. pl._, sheren, weren, _inf._ deren, _v. pl._ _See_ weren, _v. pl._ deren, _v. sbj._ _See_ here[n]. geren, _inf._ smeren, _inf._ 70/2442. here[n], _s._ deren, _v. sbj._ 71/2480. sheren, _inf._ deren, _inf._ 67/2348. smeren. _See_ geren. to-teren, _inf._ weren, _inf._ 60/2090. weren, _inf._ beren, _inf._ 30/1044, 60/2084; deren, _inf._ 52/1818. _See_ answeren, deren, _inf._, to-teren. weren, _v. pl._ deren, _v. pl._ 25/852. -ERES deres. _See_ skipperes. skipperes, _s. pl._ deres, _s. pl._ 88/3088. -ERT desert, _s._ pert, _a._ 94/3292. -ES bles, _s. gen. sg._ bles, _s. gen. sg._ 50/1730; likeles, _a._ 50/1726. Cades. _See_ ne-ðe-les. ches, _pret._ for-les, _pret._ 24/808. _See_ Moyses. forles, _pret._ mis-ches, _pret._ 6/190. _See_ ches. helpeles. _See_ Moyses. les, _a._ Moyses, _s._ 102/3596. les, _pret._ _See_ Moyses. likeles. _See_ bles. mis-ches. _See_ forles. Moyses, _s._ bi-men, _s._ 95/3356; ches, _pret._ 78/2736; helpeles, _a._ 92/3232, 101/3558, 116/4106; les, _pret._ 82/2874; redles, _a._ 102/3574. _See_ les, _a._ ne-ðe-les, _adv._ Cades, _s._ 109/3854. redles. _See_ Moyses. -EST alðer-best. _See_ west. best, _a._ _See_ fest. best, _adv._ fest, _a. or pp._ 44/1524. fest, _a. or pp._ best, _a._ 68/2374. _See_ best, _adv._ hegest. _See_ prest. nest, _a._ prest, _s._ 108/3792, 110/3886, 111/3922. prest, _s._ hegest, _a._ 26/900. _See_ nest. west, _s._ alðer-best, _adv._ 96/3390. -ESTEN lesten. _See_ reste[n]. reste[n], _s._ lesten, _inf._ 1/12. -ET bet, _adv._ get, _adv._ 49/1714; set, _pp._ 107/3754. _See_ get, _adv._ bi-set, _pp._ gret, _pp._ 92/3226. fet, _s. pl._ gret, _s._ 107/3774. flet, _pret._ under-let, _pret._ 91/3188. get, _adv._ bet, _adv._ 84/2938; bi-gat, _pret._ 65/2278. _See_ bet. get, _pret._ ouer-flet, _pret._ 17/586. gret, _s._ _See_ fet. gret, _a._ _See_ neet. gret, _pret._ wet, _a._ 65/2288, 67/2342, 67/2356. gret, _pp._ _See_ bi-set. let. _See_ schet. met, _s._ set, _pp._ 5/146. ouer-flet. _See_ get, _pret._ schet, _pret._ let, _pp._ 14/476. set. _See_ bet, met. under-let. _See_ flet. wet. _See_ gret, _pret._ -ETE gete, _v._ mete, _s._ 43/1498. gete, _adv._ _See_ mete. mete, _s._ eten, _inf._ 44/1538; gete, _adv._ 43/1488. _See_ gete, _v._ -ETEN bi-geten, _inf._ eten, _inf._ 104/3670; for-geten, _inf._ 58/2022; teten, _s. pl._ 99/3480. _See_ eten, _inf._, for-geten, _pp._, freten, _inf._, ouer-meten. bi-geten, _pp._ feten, _inf._ 78/2744; for-geten, _inf._ 27/912; for-geten, _pp._ 33/1152, 89/3128. _See_ for-geten, _pp._ eten, _inf._ bi-geten, _inf._ 44/1532; for-geten, _inf._ 40/1400, 52/1806, 105/3682. _See_ mete, bi-geten, _inf._, mete[n], _s._, meten, _s._, wliten. eten, _v. sbj._ _See_ mete[n] (?) eten, _pp._ forgeten, _inf._ 10/330. feten. _See_ bi-geten, _pp._ for-geten, _inf._ _See_ bi-geten, _inf._, bi-geten, _pp._, eten, _inf._, eten, _pp._, freten, _pp._, meten, _pp._ for-geten, _pp._ bigeten, _inf._ 62/2180; bi-geten, _pp._ 77/2706. _See_ bi-geten, _pp._ freten, _inf._ bi-geten, _inf._ 114/4028. freten, _pp._ for-geten, _inf._ 60/2102. mete[n], (?) eten, _v. sbj._ 90/3152. mete[n], _s._ eten, _inf._ 11/364, 104/3658. meten, _s._ eten, _inf._ 60/2080, 65/2256. meten, _pp._ forgeten, _inf._ 77/2702. ouer-meten, _pp._ bi-geten, _inf._ 48/1666. teten. _See_ bi-geten, _inf._ -EÐ, ETH beð. _See_ seð. bleð, _a._ Iareth, _s._ 111/3908. _See_ Iacabeð. Iacabeð, _s._ bleð, _a._ 74/2590. Iareth. _See_ bleð. leð. _See_ fed. með, _s._ seð, _v._ 3 _sg._ 6/196. seð, _v._ 3 _sg._ beð, _v._ 3 _sg._ 6/182. _See_ með. -EÐE queðe, _s._ stede, _s._ 114/4012. -EÐEN beðen, _inf._ bi-queðen, _inf._ 70/2448. bi-neðen, _adv._ queðen, _inf._ 114/4002; queðen, _pp._ 112/3944. _See_ queðen, _inf._, quuemeðen, ðeðen. bi-queðen. _See_ beðen. queðen, _inf._ bi-neðen, _adv._ 100/3526. _See_ bi-neðen, ðeden, _adv._, ðeðen. queðen, _pp._ _See_ bi-neðen. quuemeðen, _pret. pl._ bi-neðen, _adv._ 4/126. ðeðen, _adv._ bi-neðen, _adv._ 3/66; queðen, _inf._ 79/2788. -EÐER alðerneðer, _adv._ weðer, _s._ 113/3998. neðer. _See_ liðer. weðer. _See_ alðerneðer. -EUE dreue. _See_ Eue. Eue, _s._ dreue, _inf._ 10/318. -EUEN, EWEN bi-lewen, _inf._ liuen, _inf._ 64/2234. geuen, _pp._ liuen, _inf._ 75/2610. _See_ liuen, _v. pl._ -EUENE, EUONE euene, _adv._ heuone, _s._ 10/332. -EW glew, _s._ knew, _pret._ 14/460. -I, -Y Adonay. _See_ for-ði. Ai. _See_ seli. Ay. _See_ Sarray. bi, _adv._ Gibi, _s._ 24/826. bi, _postp._ _See_ for-ði, redi, Sarray, seuenti, weri. dor-bi, _adv._ for-ði, _adv._ 47/1638. dredi. _See_ slepi. Eley, _s._ Ely, _s._ 83/2904. Eliopoli, _s._ forði, _adv._ 57/2004. for-ði, _adv._ Adonay, _s._ 83/2902; bi, _postp._ 91/3208; her-bi, _adv._ 58/2034; Leui, _s._ 53/1862; sti, _s._ 112/3958; wi, _s._ 53/1854, 92/3220. _See_ dor-bi, Eliopoli, merci, Moysi, Sarrai, Sinay, ðor-bi. Gibi. _See_ bi, _adv._ gredi. _See_ weri. her-bi. _See_ for-ði, Moysi. Leui. _See_ for-ði. merci, _s._ for-ði, _adv._ 63/2208. _See_ Synay. Moysi, _s. dat._ for-ði, _adv._ 77/2692; her-bi, _adv._ 101/3572. redi, _a._ bi, _postp._ 107/3760. Sarrai, _s._ for-ði, _adv._ 22/766; untuderi, _a._ 28/964. Sarray, _s._ Ay, _s._ 23/800; bi, _postp._ 22/742; sori, _a._ 28/974; sort-leui, _a._ 21/712. seli, _a._ Ai, _s._ 22/760. seuenti _a._ bi, _postp._ 42/1454, 104/3666. Sinay, _s._ forði, _adv._ 94/3310. Synay, _s._ merci, _s._ 102/3600; ðor-bi, _adv._ 79/2774. _See_ ðor-bi. slepi, _a._ dredi, _a._ 25/872. sori. _See_ Sarray. sort-leui. _See_ Sarray. sti. _See_ for-ði. ðor-bi, _adv._ for-ði, _adv._ 113/4000; Synay, _s._ 96/3362, 109/3850. _See_ Synay, ðritti, tidi. ðritti, _a._ [xxxvij = seuen and ðritti]. ðor-bi, _adv._ 42/1458. tidi, _a._ ðor-bi, _adv._ 60/2106. untuderi. _See_ Sarrai. weri, _a._ bi, _postp._ 28/976; gredi, _a._ 43/1494. wi. _See_ for-ði. -IB rib, _s._ sib, _a._ 7/228. -IC geuelic. _See_ dik. -ID bi-tid, _pp._ hid, _pp._ 11/358, 74/2592, 78/2732, 117/4138. _See_ for-hid, hid, kid, srid. for-hid, _pp._ bi-tid, _pp._ 54/1876. hid, _pp._ bi-tid, _pp._ 34/1194. _See_ bi-tid, srid. kid, _pp._ bi-tid, _pp._ 67/2358. srid, _pp._ bi-tid, _pp._ 57/1978; hid, _pp._ 11/380. tid, _s._ wid, _a._ 2/60, 8/264. -IDE mide, _adv._ dede, _pret._ 84/2964, 91/3198, 104/3656; wech-dede, _s._ 70/2460. _See_ dede, _pret._ ride. _See_ dede, _pret._ ðor-mide. _See_ dede, _pret._ -IDEN abiden, _pret. pl._ deden, _pret. pl._ 71/2484; gliden, _pp._ 98/3460. gliden. _See_ abiden. hiden. _See_ sriden. sriden, _inf._ hiden, _inf._ 11/352. -IDER hider. _adv._ to-gider, _adv._ 67/2352. -IF lif, _s._ strif, _s._ 8/268, 23/778, 70/2440, 103/3638; wif, _s._ 22/768, 34/1170, 99/3484. _See_ strif, wif. rif. _See_ wif. strif, _s._ lif, _s._ 6/176, 15/504, 108/3818; wif, _s._ 23/780. _See_ lif, wif. wif, _s._ lif, _s._ 9/304, 10/316, 12/398, 34/1174, 39/1364, 41/1440, 46/1594, 97/3402; rif, _a._ 7/232, 36/1252; strif, _s._ 21/716, 25/860, 34/1182. _See_ lif, strif. -IGT brigt, _s._ ligt, _s._ 5/144. brigt, _a._ ligt, _s._ 5/154; ligt, _a._ 93/3256; rigt, _a._ 118/4148; rigt, _adv._ 28/952, 115/4040. _See_ migt, nigt. figt, _s._ nigt, _s._ 38/1318. _See_ migt, nigt, rigt, _adv._, wigt. fligt, _s._ migt, _s._ 5/162; nigt, _s._ 5/166. frigt. _See_ migt, nigt. fugel-fligt, _s._ rigt, _adv._ 94/3322. knigt, _s._ ligt, _a._ 9/284. lig[t], _s._ nig[t], _s._ 8/246. ligt, _s._ migt, _s._ 2/54, 5/168; nigt, _s._ 3/76, 9/288; rigt, _adv._ 30/1050. _See_ brigt, _s._, brigt, _a._, nigt. ligt, _a._ _See_ brigt, _a._, knigt, nigt. ligt, _adv._ _See_ rigt, _adv._ ligt, _pp._ o-frigt, _pp._ 104/3652. migt, _s._ brigt, _a._ 4/132, 118/4156; figt, _s._ 26/898; frigt, _s._ 35/1234; up-rigt, _adv._ 92/3248. _See_ fligt, ligt, _s._, nigt. nig[t]. _See_ lig[t]. nigt, _s._ brigt, _a._ 31/1058; figt, _s._ 25/870, 31/1066, 42/1470, 88/3086; frigt, _s._ 28/950; ligt, _s._ 2/44, 3/90, 4/114, 4/130, 5/158, 94/3294, 112/3948, 118/4158; ligt, _a._ 51/1782; migt, _s._ 17/584, 52/1802, 70/2450; offrigt, _pp._ 105/3692; rigt, _adv._ 3/80, 46/1604, 61/2124, 70/2462, 90/3160, 93/3288. _See_ figt, fligt, ligt, _s._, pligt, _s._, rigt, _s._, rigt, _adv._ offrigt. _See_ nigt. ofrigt, _pp._ o-rigt, _adv._ 64/2226. _See_ ligt, _pp._ onigt. onigt, _adv._ o-frigt, _pp._ 59/2050. o-rigt. _See_ ofrigt. pligt, _s._ nigt, _s._ 103/3612; rigt, _s._ 36/1270. pligt, _pp._ un-rigt, _s._ 37/1276. rigt, _s._ nigt, _s._ 37/1300. _See_ pligt, _s._, v[n]-frigt. rigt, _a._ _See_ brigt, _a._ rigt, _adv._ figt, _s._ 26/886, 77/2682; ligt, _adv._ 64/2252; nigt, _s._ 70/2454, 84/2952. _See_ brigt, _a._, fugel-fligt, ligt, _s._, nigt. v[n]-frigt, _a._ rigt, _s._ 105/3714. un-rigt. _See_ pligt, _pp._ up-rigt. _See_ migt. wigt, _a._ figt, _s._ 25/864. -IGTI frigti. _See_ migti. migti, _a._ frigti, _a._ 29/984. -IK dik, _s._ geuelic, _adv._ 9/282. -IKE arsmetike. _See_ witterlike. bitter-like, _adv._ luue-like, _adv._ 117/4126. bliðelike, _adv._ sikerlike, _adv._ 43/1500. _See_ mildelike. brigt-like, _adv._ witterlike, _adv._ 99/3492. festelike, _adv._ witterlike, _adv._ 97/3408. frigtilike, _adv._ mildelike, _adv._ 62/2164; wittirlike, _adv._ 47/1618. kinde-like. _See_ mildelike. lecherlike. _See_ witterlike. liðer-like, _adv._ witterlike, _adv._ 45/1564. _See_ bi-swiken. luue-like. _See_ bitter-like. mildelike, _adv._ bliðelike, _adv._ 41/1424; kinde-like, _adv._ 71/2500; selðhelike, _adv._ 39/1372; witterlike, _adv._ 38/1322. _See_ frigtilike, witterlike. miserlike. _See_ witterlike. modilike. _See_ opelike. opelike, _adv._ modilike, _adv._ 74/2584. selðhelike. _See_ mildelike. sikerlike, _adv._ witterlike, _adv._ 66/2320. _See_ bliðelike. swike, _a. pl._ witterlike, _adv._ 81/2846. trike, _s._ witterlike, _adv._ 84/2948. witterlike, _adv._ arsmetike, _s._ 23/792; lecherlike, _adv._ 22/770; milde-like, _adv._ 79/2778; miserlike, _adv._ 76/2658. _See_ brigt-like, festelike, liðer-like, mildelike, sikerlike, swike, trike. wittirlike. _See_ frigtilike. -IKEN bi-swiken, _pp._ liðerlike, _adv._ 101/3562. -IL hil, _s._ wil, _s._ 17/588, 37/1294, 113/3996. sckil, _s._ wil, _s._ 7/204. ſkil. _See_ wil. skil, _s._ wil, _s._ 6/194, 41/1426, 92/3236. ðor-til, _adv._ wil, _s._ 68/2372. unskil. _See_ wil. vn-skil. _See_ wil. wil, _s._ ſkil, _s._ 2/52; unskil, _s._ 10/342; vn-skil, _s._ 100/3506. _See_ hil, sckil, skil, ðor-til. -ILD child, _s._ milde, _a._ 29/986. _See_ fild, mild. fild, _pp._ child, _s._ 35/1226. mild, _a._ child, _s._ 75/2636. _See_ childe. -ILDE childe, _s._ mild, _a._ 37/1306. milde. _See_ child. -ILE quile, _s._ spile, _s._ 98/3462; wile, _v._ 3 _sg._ 93/3276, 98/3444. sile. _See_ spile. spile, _s._ sile, _s._ 85/2978. _See_ quile. tile, _s._ wile, _v._ 3 _sg._ 44/1520. wile, _v._ 3 _sg._ wile, _v._ 3 _sg._ 58/2020. _See_ quile, tile. -ILED hiled. _See_ spiled. spiled, _pp._ hiled, _pp._ 91/3184. -ILEN spilen. _See_ wilen. wilen (MS. welin), _v. pl._ spilen, _inf._ 72/2532. -ILLE stille, _a._ wille, _s. dat._ 87/3060. -ILT filt, _pp._ pilt, _pp._ 63/2214. -IM, YM. Abarim, _s._ him, _pron._ 117/4118. _See_ him. Balim. _See_ him. Caym, _s._ kin, _s._ 16/544. dim, _a._ him, _pron._ 104/3674. _See_ him. Effraym, _s._ hem, _pron. pl._ 62/2152. Elim, _s._ him, _pron._ 94/3304; Sin, _s._ 94/3308. him, _pron._ Abarim, _s._ 116/4100; Balim, _s. pl._ 20/690; dim, _a._ 9/286; Neptalim, _s._ 49/1700; Rafadim, _s._ 95/3352. _See_ Abarim, dim, Elim, Manaim. Manaim, _s._ him, _pron._ 51/1790. Neptalim. _See_ him. Rafadim. _See_ him. -IMEN bi-nimen. _See_ timen. forð-nimen. _See_ timen. nimen. _See_ timen. timen, _inf._ bi-nimen, _inf._ 51/1764; forð-nimen, _inf._ 76/2676; nimen, _inf._ 67/2362; trimen, _inf._ 30/1024. trimen. _See_ timen. -IN Beniamin, _s._ fin, _a._ 68/2370; kin, _s._ 63/2186, 63/2190; min, _a._ 67/2336; ðin, _a._ 65/2282; ðor-in, _adv._ 66/2310. _See_ in, win. dure-pin. _See_ in. fin, _a._ _See_ Beniamin. fin, _s._ _See_ lin. hin. _See_ kin. hines-kin. _See_ wið-in. in, _postp. or adv._ ben, _v. pl._ 24/816; Beniamin, _s._ 64/2240; dure-pin, _s._ 31/1078; kin, _s._ 105/3702; win, _s._ 18/598. _See_ kin. kin, _s._ hin, _adv._ 22/738; in, _postp._ 75/2618, 109/3830; ðor-in, _adv._ 103/3634, 108/3816, 109/3836; wid-hin, _postp._ 39/1352; wið-hin, _postp._ 18/628; wið-in, _postp._ 74/2586, 74/2608, 79/2760. _See_ Caym, Beniamin, in, wid-hin. lin, _v. pl._ fin, _s._ 109/3852. min. _See_ Beniamin, ðin. Sin, _s._ wið-in, _postp._ 110/3860. _See_ Elim. ðer-in. _See_ win. ðin, _a._ min, _a._ 104/3662. _See_ Beniamin. ðor-in. _See_ Beniamin, kin. wid-hin, _postp._ kin, _s._ 16/556. _See_ kin. win, _s._ Beniamin, _s._ 66/2296; ðer-in, _adv._ 59/2068. win, _s._ wið-in, _postp._ 11/348. _See_ in. wið-hin. _See_ kin. wið-in, _postp._ hines-kin, _s._ 107/3776. _See_ kin, Sin, win. -INC drinc, _s._ swinc, _s._ 96/3366. _See_ stinc, swinc. stinc, _s._ drinc, _s._ 85/2976. _See_ swinc. swinc, _s._ drinc, _s._ 26/894; stinc, _s._ 73/2556. _See_ drinc. -IND mind. _See_ wind. wind, _s._ mind, _s._ 104/3676. -INE dine, _s._ hine, _pron._ 98/3468. erðe-dine. _See_ hine. hine, _pron._ erðe-dine, _s._ 32/1108. _See_ dine, sunne-sine. sunne-sine, _s._ hine, _pron._ 95/3336, 95/3338. -ING biginning, _s._ ending, _s._ 15/522. bliscing, _s._ ending, _s._ 43/1506. _See_ gestning, king. daiening. _See_ king. ending. _See_ biginning, bliscing. gestning, _s._ bliscing, _s._ 43/1508. giscing. _See_ ðing. king, _s._ bliscing, _s._ 68/2398; daiening, _s._ 93/3264; lesing, _s._ 74/2578; muni[gin]g, _s._ 20/678; ofspring, _s._ 62/2182; wurðing, _s._ 20/684, 26/892, 113/3990. _See_ ðing. kumeling. _See_ louereding. lesing. _See_ king. louereding, _s._ kumeling, _s._ 24/834. muni[gin]g. _See_ king. muniging, _s._ tok-ning, _s._ 47/1624. muning. _See_ wurðing. murni[n]g. _See_ tidding. ofspring. _See_ king. ring, _s._ wurðing, _s._ 61/2140. spring, _s._ timing, _s._ 36/1244. ðhing. _See_ tiding. ðing, _s._ giscing, _s._ 100/3516; king, _s._ 62/2172; twie-wifing, _s._ 13/450. tidding, _s._ murni[n]g, _s._ 83/2908. tiding, _s._ ðhing, _s._ 30/1026. timing. _See_ spring. tok-ning. _See_ muniging. twie-wifing. _See_ ðing. wurðing, _s._ muning, _s._ 108/3788. _See_ king, ring. -INGE biginninge. _See_ timinge. kinge. _See_ ðhinge. singe. _See_ wurðinge. ðhinge, _s. pl._ kinge, _s._ (_gen. pl._?) 2/30. timinge, _s._ biginninge, _s._ 2/32. wurðinge, _s._ (? _dat._) singe, _v._ 1 _sg._ 2/34. -INNE blinne, _inf._ sinne, _s._ 9/290. -IPTE Egipte, _s._ kipte, _pret._ 90/3164. -IR, YR fir, _s._ sir, _a._ 102/3580. _See_ sir. martyr, _s._ sir, _a._ 15/518. schir, _a._ Seyr, _s._ 53/1836. scir. _See_ Seyr. Seyr, _s._ scir, _a._ 109/3848. _See_ schir. sir, (?) fir, _s._ 87/3046. sir, _a._ _See_ fir, martyr. -IRD hird. _See_ stired. -IRE hire, _pron._ kire, _s._ 44/1536; shire, _v. sbj. pres._ 58/2036. _See_ kire. yre. _See_ kire. kire, _s._ hire, _pron._ 49/1694; yre, _s._ 70/2452; lire, _s._ 83/2920. _See_ hire. lire. _See_ kire. shire. _See_ hire. -IRED stired, _pp._ hird, _pp._ 112/3962. -IRI biri, _s._ miri, _a._ 65/2258. -IS, YS Amonaphis, _s._ is, _v._ 73/2544. blis. _See_ i-wis, paradis, Pentapolis. circumcis, _a._ iwis, _adv._ 29/1000. fis. _See_ ywis. Genesis. _See_ in wis, i-wis. Geraris, _s._ y-wis, _adv._ 34/1168. Gerasis. _See_ in wis. in wis, _adv._ Genesis, _s._ 72/2522; Gerasis, _s._ 44/1516. is, _v._ mis, _adv._ 7/206; pris, _s._ 10/326. _See_ Amonaphis, ðis, vncircumcis. ys, _s._ wis, _a._ 4/100. i-wis, _adv._ blis, _s._ 4/110; Genesis, _s._ 12/414. _See_ circumcis. ywis, _adv._ fis, _s._ 5/160. _See_ Geraris. mis. _See_ is. paradis, _s._ blis, _s._ 7/210, 12/382; pris, _s._ 9/292. Pentapolis, _s._ blis, _s._ 22/748; Seboys, _s._ 24/838. pris, _s._ to wis, _adv._ 113/3992; wis, _a._ 8/260, 64/2248. _See_ is, paradis, Tarbis, wis. Seboys. _See_ Pentapolis. Tarbis, _s._ pris, _s._ 77/2690. ðis, _pron._ is, _v._ 18/602, 85/2994; wis, _a._ 104/3672. to wis. _See_ pris. vncircumcis, _a._ is, _v._ 81/2842. wis, _a._ pris, _s._ 77/2700. _See_ ys, pris, ðis. -ISCE blisce. _See_ gisse. -ISEN a-grisen, _pret. pl._ risen, _pp._ 20/668. -ISSE blisse. _See_ iwisse. gisse, _v. sbj._ blisce, _s._ 100/3518. iwisse, _adv._ blisse, _s._ 3/92. -IST Antecrist. _See_ Crist. Crist, _s._ Antecrist, _s._ 15/508. list. _See_ ðrist. ðrist, _s._ list, _s._ 28/978, 35/1230. -IT it, _pron._ lit, _s._ 56/1968; writ, _s._ 57/1974. -ITE bite, _s._ smite, _s._ 85/2990. -ITEN fliten, _pp._ smiten, _pp._ 105/3690. witen, _v. pl._ writen, _pp._ 16/524. wliten, _s. sg._ eten, _inf._ 65/2290. _See_ writen. writen, _pp._ wliten, _s. sg._ 103/3614. _See_ witen. -IÐ frið, _s._ grið, _s._ 20/682; wið, _postp._ 23/790. grið, _s._ wið, _postp._ 14/470. _See_ frið, wið. lið, _s._ _See_ wið. lið, _v._ _See_ nið. nið, _s._ lið, _v._ 3 _sg._ 55/1916; sið, _s._ 73/2546. nyð, _s._ sið, _s._ 8/274. sið. _See_ nið, nyð. smið. _See_ wið. wið, _postp._ grið, _s._ 17/560; lið, _s._ 52/1804; smið, _s._ 14/466. _See_ frið, grið. -IÐE bliðe, _a._ swiðe, _adv._ 68/2376. fiðe. _See_ vn-miðe. friðe. _See_ siðe. siðe, _s._ friðe, _v. sbj._ 88/3094. swiðe. _See_ bliðe. vn-miðe, _s._ fiðe (_for_ siðe), _s._ 113/3974. -IÐER liðer, _a._ neðer, _adv._ 11/370. niðer, _adv._ wiðer, _adv._ 96/3386. -IUE for-giue, _v. sbj._ liuen, _v. pl._ 71/2496. giue, _v. sbj._ morgen-giwe, _s._ 41/1428. -IUED cliued, _v._ 3 _sg._ liued, _v._ 3 _sg._ 56/1964. -IUEN cliuen. _See_ liuen, _inf._ driuen, _pp._ giuen, _pp._ 48/1682, 90/3166; liuen, _inf._ 9/308, 22/752, 32/1126, 62/2166, 66/2322. _See_ liuen, _inf._ giuen, _inf._ liuen, _inf._ 74/2574. giuen, _pp._ _See_ driuen, liwen. liuen, _inf._ cliuen, _inf._ 11/372; driuen, _pp._ 17/574. _See_ geuen, bi-lewen, driuen, giuen, _inf._ liuen, _v. pl._ geuen, _pp._ 70/2458. _See_ for-giue. -IUEÐ biueð. _See_ liueð. cliueð. _See_ liueð. liueð, _v._ 3 _sg._ biueð, _v._ 3 _sg._ 65/2280; cliueð, _v._ 3 _sg._ 68/2384. -IWE (= ive) morgen-giwe. _See_ giue. -IWEN (= iven) liwen, _inf._ giuen, _pp._ 116/4098. -O blo, _a._ wo, _s._ 19/638. do, _inf._ _See_ to. do, _v. sbj._ to, _postp._ 100/3510. _See_ so, ðer-to. euere mo. _See_ wo, _s._ fo (= few), _a._ wo, _s._ 69/2404. fro, _postp._ ðo, _adv._ 91/3196; wo, _s._ 7/216, 82/2886, 83/2898. _See_ ðo, _adv._ Ierico. _See_ so. mo, _a._ ðo, _adv._ 13/424, 20/670, 21/732, 22/740, 29/988; ðo, _pron. pl._ 17/578, 30/1046, 108/3814, 112/3938; wo, _s._ 69/2402. _See_ wo, _s._ so, _adv._ do, _v. sbj._ 99/3504; Ierico, _s._ 111/3918; so, _adv._ 34/1196; two, _a._ 21/706. _See_ temptatio, ðore-to, ðor-to, to, two, _a._ swo. _See_ two, _a._ temptatio, _s._ so, _adv._ 96/3368. ðer-to, _adv._ do, _v. sbj._ 110/3870. ðo, _adv._ fro, _postp._ 26/902, 45/1552; moo, _a._ 13/428. _See_ fro, mo, wo, _a._ ðo, _pron. pl._ wo, _s._ 60/2100. _See_ mo. ðore-to, _adv._ so, _adv._ 17/590. ðor-fro. _See_ oo. ðor-to, _adv._ so, _adv._ 20/664. to, _postp._ do, _inf._ 50/1754; so, _adv._ 27/916, 52/1828, 71/2492, 99/3470, 102/3586; two, _a._ 32/1094. _See_ do, _sbj._, two, _a._ two (_for_ to). _See_ two, _a._ two, _a._ so, _adv._ 17/572, 27/942; swo, _adv._ 31/1070; to, _postp._ 80/2814; two (_for_ to), 37/1292. _See_ so, to. wo, _s._ euere mo, _adv._ 3/70; mo, _a._ 11/354; wo, _s._ 85/2992. _See_ blo, fo, fro, mo, ðo, _pron._ wo, _a._ ðo, _adv._ 88/3090. -OC boc. _See_ mod [MS. moð]. for-soc, _pret._ tok, _pret._ 53/1834. oc, _conj._ mod, _s._ 111/3924; ouer-toc, _pret._ 50/1756; toc, _pret._ 41/1416, 49/1690. _See_ toc, fot. ouer-toc. _See_ oc. toc, _pret._ oc, _conj._ 34/1172, 45/1568. _See_ oc. -OCH Enoch, _s._ toch, _pret._ 15/500. Iaboch, _s._ toch, _pret._ 96/3372. toch. _See_ Enoch, Iaboch. -OD bi-stod, _pret._ mod, _s._ 109/3858, blod, _s._ good, _a._ 48/1662. _See_ flod, god, _s._, god, _a._, under-stod, wod. brod. _See_ god, _a._ flod, _s._ blod, _s._ 80/2816. _See_ God, _s._, stod. God, _s._ flod, _s._ 91/3186. god, _s._ blod, _s._ 42/1452. god, _a._ blod, _s._ 34/1192; brod, _s._ 105/3712; mod, _s._ 102/3602; mood, _s._ 12/408; seri-mod, _a._ 53/1850; under-stod, _pret._ 98/3434. _See_ mod. mod, _s._ fot, _s._ 65/2272; god, _a._ 21/718, 41/1442; good, _a._ 10/334; under-stod, _pret._ 63/2210. _See_ oc, bi-stod, god, _a._, stod. mod, _s._ [MS. moð.] boc, _s._ 102/3604. seri-mod. _See_ god, _a._ sori-mod. _See_ stod. stod, _pret._ flod, _s._ 18/596, 74/2602; mod, _s._ 33/1162; sori-mod, _a._ 100/3520. _See_ good, _a._ under-stod, _pret._ blod, _s._ 42/1468, 65/2276. _See_ god, _a._, mod. vnder-stod, _pret._ good, _a._ 68/2394. wod, _a._ blod, _s._ 31/1074, 84/2960. -ODD Godd, _s._ modd, _s._ 2/36. -ODE bode, _s._ Gode, _s. dat._ 12/396, 18/622, 81/2860. _See_ Gode. for-bode. _See_ Gode. Gode, _s._ bode, _s._ 29/1008, 37/1286, 86/3016, 86/3034, 100/3538; for-bode, _s._ 112/3932. _See_ bode. -OF drof. _See_ heuene-rof, of. heuene-rof, _s._ drof, _s._ 4/102. of, _adv._ drof, _s._ 102/3582. -OG a-nog. _See_ wið-drog. bog. _See_ tog. drog, _pret._ ynog, _adv._ 111/3910. ynog. _See_ drog, wið-drog. slog, _pret._ swog, _s._ 14/484. tog, _pret._ bog, _s._ 18/608. ut-drog, _pret._ nuge, _adv._ 38/1328. wið-drog, _pret._ a-nog, _adv._ 18/600; ynog, _adv._ 108/3804. -OGEN bi-togen, _pp._ drogen, _pp._ 51/1772. _See_ flogen. drogen. _See_ bi-togen, sogen, togen. flogen, _pp._ bi-togen, _pp._ 108/3796. sogen, _pp._ drogen, _pp._ 79/2786. togen, _pp._ drogen, _pp._ 104/3648. -OGT bi-sogt. _See_ nogt, _pron._ biðogt, _pp._ brogt, _pp._ 2/38. bogt, _pp._ wrogt, _pp._ 105/3684. brog[t]. _See_ wrogt. brogt, _pp._ forwrogt, _pp._ 8/266; nogt, _adv._ 113/3978; sogt, _pp._ 25/848; wrogt, _pp._ 74/2606. _See_ biðogt, hogt, i-wrogt, nogt, _pron._, nogt, _adv._, ouer-ðogt, sogt, ðhogt, wrogt, bi-sogte. dhogt, _s._ nogt, _adv._ 33/1154. forwrogt. _See_ brogt. hogt, _pp._ brogt, _pp._ 61/2120. i-wrogt, _pp._ brogt, _pp._ 91/3216. nogt, _pron._ bi-sogt, _pp._ 88/3080; brogt, _pp._ 15/488, 29/1018; wrogt, _pp._ 2/40, 8/270. _See_ ðogt. nogt, _adv._ brogt, _pp._ 16/550, 25/874, 67/2344, 68/2386, 112/3936; sogt, _pp._ 55/1934, 89/3130; sowt, _pp._ 82/2870; ðogt, _s._ 31/1072, 67/2330; wrogt, _pp._ 52/1812, 53/1860, 56/1940, 57/1982, 63/2218, 102/3588. _See_ brogt, dhogt, sogt, ðhogt, ðogt, wrogt. ouer-ðogt, _pp._ brogt, _pp._ 64/2220. sogt, _pp._ brogt, _pp._ 105/3708; nogt, _adv._ 51/1770, 62/2162; up-brogt, _pp._ 91/3190. _See_ brogt, nogt, _adv._ ðhogt, _s._ brogt, _pp._ 45/1580; nogt, _adv._ 60/2112, 62/2168, 115/4062; wrogt, _pp._ 33/1150, 112/3952. ðogt, _s._ nogt, _pron._ 58/2014, 114/4018; nogt, _adv._ 110/3874. _See_ nogt, _adv._, wrogt. up-brogt. _See_ sogt. vt-brogt, _pp._ wrogt, _pp._ 90/3174. wrogt, _pp._ brog[t], _pp._ 8/250; brogt, _pp._ 3/62, 4/124, 9/294, 11/378, 80/2824, 103/3628; nogt, _adv._ 74/2596; ðogt, _s._ 84/2962. _See_ bogt, brogt, nogt, _pron._, nogt, _adv._, ðhogt, vt-brogt. -OGTE bi-sogte, _pp._ brogt, _pp._ 15/520. -OK Iabok. _See_ tok. ok. _See_ tok. tok, _pret._ Iabok, _s._ 111/3914; nam, _pret._ 27/946; ok, _conj._ 27/944. _See_ for-soc. -OKE roke, _s._ smoke, _s._ 34/1164. -OKEN boken. _See_ loken, _inf._ broken, _pp._ luken, _pp._ 11/362. _See_ wroken. loken, _inf._ boken, _s._ ¼; token, _pret. pl._ 91/3194. loken, _pp._ _See_ troken. spoken, _pret. pl._ token, _s._ 83/2914. to-broken. _See_ luken. token, _s._ _See_ spoken. token, _pret. pl._ _See_ loken, _inf._ troken, _inf._ loken, _pp._ 4/106. wroken, _pp. or pret. pl._ broken, _pp._ 91/3192. -OLD arche-wold. _See_ hold (= old). awold, bold, _a._ 78/2728; told, _pp._ 48/1672; wold, _pp._ 16/526. _See_ cold. bi-told. _See_ hold (= old), _a._ bold, _a._ o-wold, 10/324; told, _pp._ 55/1918; wold, _s._ 61/2122. _See_ awold. cold, _a._ a-wold, 56/1944; wold, _s._ 57/2000. _See_ wold, _pp._ gold, _s._ hold, _a._ 77/2704, 93/3284. _See_ hold, hold, _a._ hold, (?) gold, _s._ 112/3942. hold, _a._ gold, _s._ 23/794, 40/1390. _See_ gold. hold (= old), _a._ arche-wold, _s._ 17/576; bi-told, _pret._ 27/920; manige-fold, _a._ 71/2502; told, _pp._ 30/1028, 54/1894, 83/2912, 106/3736, 116/4088; wold, _s._ 27/938; wold, _pp._ 13/420. manige-fold. _See_ hold (= old). old, _a._ sold, _pp._ 55/1908; told, _pp._ 35/1206, 39/1358, 42/1476. _See_ told. o-wold. _See_ bold. sold, _pp._ wold, _s._ 56/1958. _See_ old, told. told, _pp._ old, _a._ 19/658, 29/990, 37/1284, 118/4146; sold, _pp._ 57/1994; wold, _s._ 97/3412; wold, _s._ 110/3892. _See_ awold, bold, hold (= old), old. wold, _s._ (= hill). _See_ hold (= old), told. wold, _s._ (= power, &c.). _See_ bold, cold, sold, told, wold, _pp._ cold, _a._ 8/256. _See_ awold, hold (= old). -OLDE arche-wolde. _See_ olde. golde, _s._ wolde, _pret._ 103/3620. olde, _a._ arche-wolde, _s. dat._ 18/614. wolde. _See_ golde. -OLEN colen, _s. pl._ ðolen, _inf._ 76/2654. for-holen, _pp._ stolen, _pp._ 51/1760, 66/2318, 67/2332. _See_ stolen, ðolen, _v. pl._ for-olen, _pp._ stolen, _pp._ 50/1748. stolen, _pp._ for-holen, _pp._ 54/1870. _See_ for-holen, for-olen. ðolen, _inf._ to-bolen, _pp._ 28/970. _See_ colen. ðolen, _v. pl._ for-holen, _pp._ 98/3446. to-bolen. _See_ ðolen, _inf._ -OM hom. _See_ on-on. -OME come, _s._ nome, _s._ 65/2268. -OMEN comen. _See_ numen. nomen, _pp._ cumen, _inf._ 87/3040. -ON Aaraon. _See_ on, _postp._ Aaron, _s._ don, _inf._ 85/2980; don, _pp._ 109/3842; gon, _inf._ 108/3800, 116/4094; on, _postp._ 85/2998; ouer-gon, _inf._ 99/3490; Pharaon, _s._ 85/2986, 87/3064; ston, _s._ 96/3388; ðor-on, _adv._ 109/3838. _See_ a-non, on, _postp._, vt-gon, _pp._ Abiron, _s._ a-non, _adv._ 107/3758. _See_ don, _pp._ a-gon, _pp._ _See_ a-gon, _adv._ a-gon, _adv._ a-gon, _pp._ 3/78; non, _a._ 64/2244; ston, _s._ 32/1120. _See_ fon, gon, _pp._, on, _a._, ouer-gon, _pp._ agon, _postp._ ton, _a._ 29/1010. _See_ gon, _pp._ Amon, _s._ on (?), 33/1158. a-non, _adv._ Aaron, _s._ 102/3592, 110/3864 ; gon, _inf._ 84/2932; on, _a._ 100/3528; ouer-gon, _pp._ 34/1186; Pharaon, _s._ 84/2940. _See_ Abiron, on, _a._ Araon, _s._ don, _inf._ 84/2934. don, _inf._ her-up-on, _adv._ 47/1628; on, _postp._ 31/1076, 58/2032, 74/ 2598, 95/3358, 97/3410, 98/3452, 101/3570, 109/3826, 111/3926; ðor-on, _adv._ 30/1042, 102/3606. _See_ Aaron, Araon, Ebron. on, _postp._, on-on, Pharaon, up-on. don, _v. pl._ on, _postp._ 64/2232. don, _pp._ Abiron, _s._ 107/3766; Ebron, _s._ 69/2424; her-on, _adv._ 102/3598; on, _postp._ 11/346, 66/2316, 82/2888, 102/3584; Pharaon, _s._ 75/2634; quor-on, _adv._ 38/1310; ðor-on, _adv._ 65/2262, 111/3906, 113/ 3970. _See_ Aaron, Ebron, here-on, on, _postp._, on, _a._, Pharaon, ðor-on, un-don, _pp._ Ebron, _s._ don, _inf._ 55/1932; don, _pp._ 71/2488; gon, _pp._ 54/1892 ; on, _postp._ 24/812, 106/3716. _See_ don, _pp._, on, _postp._, on, _a._ Edon, _s._ on, _postp._ 54/1900. Faraon, _s._ ut-gon, _inf._ 80/2796. fon, _s. pl._ agon, _adv._ 13/438. for-don, _v. pl._ on, _postp._ 73/2550. for-don, _pp._ ðor-on, _adv._ 32/1116. _See_ on, _postp._ forð-don, _inf._ on, _postp._ 113/3994. gon, _inf._ manigon, _a._ 19/630; non, _pron. or a._ 25/846, 73/2562, 89/3126, 101/3542; on, _postp._ 19/644, 108/3794; ouer-gon, _inf._ 86/3004; Pharaon, _s._ 82/2862; Symeon, _s._ 63/2196; ston, _s._ 110/3866. _See_ a-gen, _adv._, Aaron, a-non, on, _postp._, on, _a._, on-on, Pharaon, ston, ðor-on, up-on. gon, _v. pl._ _See_ on, _a._ gon, _pp._ a-gon, _adv._ 28/958, 64/2238; a-gon, _postp._ 41/1438; non, _a._ 71/2474, 94/3298; on, (?) 19/640; on, _a. or pron._ 24/836; o-non, _adv._ 96/3380. _See_ Ebron. here-on, _adv._ don, _pp._ 86/3012. her-on. _See_ don, _pp._ her-up-on. _See_ don, _inf._ in-gon. _See_ on-on. manigon. _See_ gon, _inf._ misdon, _pp._ ðer-on, _adv._ 101/3556; ðor-on, _adv._ 97/3420. _See_ on, _postp._, Pharaon, ðor-on, under-fon. non, _a._ Symeon, _s._ 64/2230. _See_ a-gon, _adv._, gon, _inf._, gon, _pp._, on, _a._, ouer-gon, _pp._ on. (?) _See_ Amon, gon, _pp._ on, _postp._ Aaraon, _s._ 101/3540; Aaron, _s._ 106/3750; don, _inf._ 16/534, 31/1064, 38/1326, 38/1342; don, _pp._ 29/1004, 35/1208, 91/3206, 114/4006; Ebron, _s._ 57/1970; for-don, _pp._ 108/3798; gon, _inf._ 117/4114; mis-don, _pp._ 117/4142; Salamon, _s._ 37/1296; slon, _inf._ 50/1752, 56/1938. _See_ Aaron, don, _inf._, don, _v. pl._, don, _pp._, Ebron, Edon, for-don, _v. pl._, forð-don, gon, _inf._, on-on, Pharaon, promission. on, _a. or pron._ (= one). a-gon, _adv._ 65/2260, 66/2326; a-non, _adv._ 66/2324; don, _pp._ 97/3398; Ebron, _s._ 72/2520; gon, _inf._ 18/610, 47/1640, 63/2184, 78/2752, 103/3608, 117/4128; gon, _v. pl._ 31/1080; non, _a._ 62/2174; on, _a._ 107/3784; Pharaon, _s._ 61/2126. _See_ a-non, gon, _pp._, Symeon. on-on, _adv._ don, _inf._ 33/1146; gon, _inf._ 85/3000; hom, _adv._ 63/2200; in-gon, _pp._ 31/1068; on, _postp._ 34/1176; ouer-gon, _inf._ 65/2286. _See_ gon, _pp._, Pharaon. ouer-gon, _inf._ _See_ Aaron, gon, _inf._, on-on. ouer-gon, _pp._ a-gon, _adv._ 55/1904; non, _a._ 86/3032. _See_ a-non. Pharaon, _s._ don, _inf._ 59/2066; don, _pp._ 59/2074; gon, _inf._ 63/2188, 88/3078; mis-don, _pp._ 87/3054; on, _postp._ 69/2400, 89/3124; on-on, _adv._ 83/2918; ðer-on, _adv._ 93/3260; ut-gon, _inf._ 84/2966; vt-gon, _inf._ 87/3074. _See_ Aaron, a-non, don, _pp._, gon, _inf._, on, _a._, vt-gon, _inf._ promission, _s._ on, _postp._ 117/4132. quor-on. _See_ don, _pp._ Salamon. _See_ on, _postp._ Symeon, _s._ on, _a._ 65/2266. _See_ gon, _inf._, non. slon. _See_ on, _postp._ son, _s. pl._ up-on, _postp._ 79/2782. ston, _s._ a-gen, _postp._ 112/3960; gon, _inf._ 47/1650, 110/3868, 110/3872; ðer-on, _adv._ 51/1778; ðor-on, _adv._ 95/3360, 100/3536. _See_ Aaron, a-gon, _adv._, gon, _inf._, ðor-on. ðer-on. _See_ misdon, Pharaon, ston. ðor-gon. _See_ vnder-gon. ðor-on, _adv._ don, _pp._ 28/948, 109/3844; gon, _inf._ 96/3364; misdon, _pp._ 75/2642; ston, _s._ 47/1636; vn-don, _pp._ 111/3902; up-gon, _inf._ 46/1608. _See_ Aaron, don, _inf._, don, _pp._, for-don, _pp._, misdon, ston, undon, _pp._ ton. _See_ agon, _postp._ under-don, _inf._ up-on, _postp._ 115/4042. under-fon, _inf._ mis-don, _pp._ 48/1680. under-gon, _inf._ _See_ a-gen, _adv._ vnder-gon, _inf._ ðor-gon, _adv._ 33/1148. un-don, _a._ _See_ up-on. un-don, _pp._ don, _pp._ 12/386; ðor-on, _adv._ 14/464. vn-don. _See_ ðor-on. up-gon. _See_ ðor-on. up-on, _postp._ don, _inf._ 82/2868; gon, _inf._ 67/2340; un-don, _a._ 76/2662. _See_ son, under-don. ut-gon. _See_ Faraon, Pharaon. vt-gon, _inf._ Pharaon, _s._ 86/3022. _See_ Pharaon. vt-gon, _pp._ Aaron, _s._ 88/3082. -OND atwond. _See_ hond. bond, _s._ hond, _s._ 63/2198; lond, _s._ 22/764. _See_ lond, wond, _s._ fond, _s._ _See_ hond. fond, _pret._ lond, _s._ 87/3048; wond, _pret._ 117/4136. _See_ hond, lond, un-bond, wond, _s._ hond, _s._ atwond, _pret._ 87/3058; fond, _s._ 10/336, 90/3150; fond, _pret._ 80/2810; lond, _s._ 25/844, 28/960, 37/1288, 61/2144, 72/2508, 81/2852, 85/2968, 88/3102; sond, _s._ 92/3242; up-wond, _pret._ 88/3084; wond, _s._ 83/2916; wrong, _pret._ 59/2064. _See_ bond, lond, sond (=sand), wond, _s._ lond, _s._ bond, _s._ 59/2076, 61/2114; fond, _pret._ 37/1280, 77/2712, 110/ 3880; hond, _s._ 4/104, 20/674, 22/756, 24/ 828, 45/1576, 62/2156, 80/2790, 115/4050, 117/4134; up-wond, _pret._, 85/2988. _See_ bond, fond, _pret._, hond, bonde. sond, _s._ (=sand). hond, _s._ 93/3274. _See_ hond, strond. sond, _s._ (=schond). _See_ wond, _s._ strond, _s._ sond, _s._ 78/2718. un-bond, _pret._ fond, _pret._ 64/2224. up-wond. _See_ hond, lond. wond, _s._ bond, _s._ 77/2716; fond, _pret._ 84/2944; hond, _s._ 80/2804, 108/3822, 109/3828; sond, _s._ 77/2714. _See_ hond. wond, _pret._ _See_ fond, _pret._ -ONDE bonde, _s._ lond, _s._ 77/2694. -ONG among, _postp._ stong, _pret._ 111/3896; wrong, _s._ 23/786. _See_ strong, a-mong, _adv._ _See_ song, strong, wrong, _s._ bi-long, _adv._ _See_ strong. chirche-gong, _s._ messe-song, _s._ 70/2466. long, _a._ strong, _a._ 17/564, 32/1100. _See_ spro[n]g, stong, strong. long, _postp._ _See_ stron[g]. messe-song. _See_ chirche-gong. song, _s._ a-mong, _adv._ 93/3286; amonge, _postp._ 21/700; strong, _a._ 8/244. spro[n]g, _pret._ long, _a._ 8/248. stong, _pret._ long, _a._ 116/4084. _See_ among, _postp._ stron[g], _a._ long, _postp._ 73/2560. strong, _a._ (or _adv._) among, _postp._ 46/1592; a-mong, _adv._ 110/3876; bi-long, _adv._ 59/2068; long, _a._ 99/3496; ut-gong, _s._ 80/2800; water-gong, _s._ 19/662; wrong, _s._ 78/2724. _See_ long, _a._ song, ðor-mong, wrong, _s._ ðor-mong, _adv._ strong, _a._ 93/3266. ut-gong. _See_ strong. water-gong. _See_ strong. wrong, _s._ a-mong, _adv._ 77/2684; strong, _a._ 106/3728. _See_ among, _postp._, strong. wrong, _pret._ _See_ hond. -ONGE a-monge. _See_ song. -OO (= Ō) moo. _See_ ðo, _adv._ oo, _adv._ ðor-fro, _adv._ 4/112. -OOC booc. _See_ tooc. ooc, _s._ wooc, _a._ 54/1874. tooc, _pret._ booc, _s._ 117/4124. wooc. _See_ ooc. -OOD flood. _See_ good, _a._ good, _s._ _See_ mood. good, _a._ flood, _s._ 15/492, 17/562; mood, _s._ 4/128; stod, _pret._ 6/186. _See_ blod, mod, vnder-stod. mood, _s._ good, _s._ 10/328. _See_ god, _a._, good, _a._ -OPEN dropen. _See_ lopen. lopen, _pp._ dropen, _pp._ 76/2648. -OR Bala-segor, _s._ ðor, _adv._ 32/1106. Belphegor. _See_ sor, _s._ Cadalamor, _s._ stor, _a._ 25/842. Emor, _s._ ðor, _adv._ 53/1844. Fegor, _s._ mor, _a._ 114/4032. for, _pret._ swor, _pret._ 38/1338. gomor, _s._ nunmor, _adv._ 95/3334; ðor, _adv._ 95/3344. Hor, _s._ ðor, _adv._ 110/3884. mor, _a. or adv._ or, _adv._ 28/962, 29/994, 114/4034; sor, _s._ 15/512; ðor, _adv._ 95/3342. _See_ Fegor, or, sor, _a._, ðor. Nachor. _See_ sor, _s._ ðor. neuere mor. _See_ sor, _s._ ðor. nummor, _adv._ or, _adv._ 52/1814. nunmor, _adv._ sor, _s._ 30/1048. _See_ gomor, ðor. or, _adv._ mor, _adv._ 63/2206. _See_ Eliazar, mor, nummor. Segor, _s._ ðor, _adv._ 33/1134. sor, _s._ Belphegor, _s._ 115/4070; Nachor, _s._ 21/734; neuere mor, _adv._ 36/1240; ðor, _adv._ 86/3008. _See_ mor, nunmor, ðor. sor, _a._ mor, _a._ 50/1734; mor, _adv._ 73/2566; ðor, _adv._ 30/1040, 51/1766, 56/1946. _See_ ðor. stor. _See_ Cadalamor. swor. _See_ for. ðor, _adv._ ger, _s. pl._ 69/2418; mor, _a._ 109/3846, 116/4090; Nachor, _s._ 39/1348, 40/1384; neuere mor, _adv._ 31/1082; nunmor, _adv._ 32/1118, 41/1420; sor, _s._ 104/3650; sor, _a._ 73/2568, 115/4044. _See_ Bala-* *segor, Emor, gomor, Hor, mor, Segor, sor, _s._, sor, _a._ -ORE more, _adv._ ðore, _adv._ 65/2270. -OREN bi-foren, _adv. or postp._ boren, _s. pl._ 52/1798; boren, _pp._ 2/48, 42/1472, 52/1826, 58/2006, 65/2284, 66/2292, 69/2430, 71/2504, 72/2518, 73/2572, 83/2930, 92/3252; coren, _s._ 60/2104, 61/2134; sworen, _pp._ 71/2476, 72/2506, 101/3564; woren, _pret. pl._ 68/2380. _See_ boren, _pp._, coren, forloren, _pp._, soren, sworen. boren, _s. pl._ _See_ bi-foren. boren, _pp._ bi-foren, _adv. or postp._ 40/1378, 45/1556, 49/1708, 74/2580, 74/2588, 79/2762, 92/3250; for-loren, _pp._ 16/546, 20/696, 54/1886; schoren, _pp._ 35/1200; sworen, _pp._ 24/824. _See_ bi-foren, coren, forloren, _pret. pl._, forloren, _pp._, sworen, ðor bi-foren, biforn. coren, _s._ bi-foren, _adv._ 63/2216, 66/2308; boren, _pp._ 62/2160. _See_ bi-foren. for-loren, _pret. pl._ boren, _pp._ 8/242. for-loren, _pp._ bi-foren, _postp._ 112/3954; boren, _pp._ 33/1144, 72/2512. _See_ boren, _pp._ schoren. _See_ boren, _pp._ soren, _pp._ bi-foren, _postp._ 55/1920. sworen, _pp._ bi-foren, _postp._ 44/1526; boren, _pp._ 76/2678, 90/3182. _See_ bi-foren, boren, _pp._ ðor bi-foren. boren, _pp._ 20/666, 26/908; coren, _s._ 64/2246. _See_ corn. woren. _See_ bi-foren. -ORN biforn, _adv. (or postp.)_ boren, _pp._ 3/84, 7/220, 8/254, 14/452; born, _pp._ 26/906. born. _See_ biforn. corn, _s._ ðor bi-foren, _adv._ 87/3050. -ORÐ forð. _See_ norð. norð, _s._ forð, _adv._ 24/830. -OS Eliopoleos, _s. gen. sg._ ros, _pret._ 75/2644. -OST cost, _s._ frost, _s._ 95/3328. -OT bot, _s._ mot, _v._ 84/2958. bot, _pret._ _See_ smot. fot, _s._ mot, _v._ 37/1304, 99/3488; oc, _conj._ 71/2498; spot, _s._ 93/3280. _See_ mod, wot, _v._ 1 _sg._, wot, _v._ 3 _sg._ grot, _s._ hot, _a._ 72/2530. mot. _See_ bot, fot, wrot. smot, _pret._ bot, _pret._ 83/2926. Sochot. _See_ wot, _v._ 1 _sg._ spot. _See_ fot. wot, _v._ 1 _sg._ fot, _s._ 42/1474; Sochot, _s._ 53/1840. wot, _v._ 3 _sg._ fot, _s._ 89/3114. wrot, _pret._ mot, _v._ 3 _sg._ 72/2528. -OTEN bi-hoten. _See_ loten. loten, _inf._ bi-hoten, _pp._ 89/3132. -OTH Assaroth, _s._ soth, _a._ 105/3688. Cabroth. _See_ soth. Pharaoth. _See_ Sokoth. Sokoth, _s._ Pharaoth, _s._ 91/3210. soth, _a._ Cabroth, _s._ 105/3686. _See_ Assaroth. -OÐ loð, _a._ loð, _a._ 113/3982. _See_ scroð, wroð. scroð, _pret._ loð, _a._ 58/2024, 77/2696. sloð. _See_ wroð. wroð, _a._ loð, _a._ 35/1216, 50/1736, 94/3318; sloð, _v._ 3 _sg._ 112/3964. -OÐT (= oð). loðt. _See_ scroðt. scroðt, _pret._ loðt, _a._ 10/340. -OUN circumcicioun. _See_ run. -OUT out. _See_ Teremuth. -OWN town, _s._ dun, _adv._ 78/2740. -OWT sowt. _See_ nogt, _adv._ -U Esau, _s._ nu, _adv._ 43/1492, 45/1562, 46/1584; ru, _a._ 44/1544. _See_ ru. gu, _pron._ nu, _adv._ 72/2510. _See_ nu. man hu. nu, _adv._ 95/3330. nu, _adv._ gu, _pron._ 89/3120. _See_ Esau, gu, man hu. ru, _a._ Esau, _s._ 44/1540. _See_ Esau. -UD prud, _a._ _See_ srud. prud, _s._ _See_ srud. srud, _s._ prud, _s._ 56/1966; prud, _a._ 8/272, 25/858, 41/1414, 68/2368, 80/2802. -UGE nuge. _See_ ut-drog. -UKEN luken, _pp._ to-broken, _pp._ 107/3780. _See_ broken. -UM Belum, _s._ sum, _a._ 20/686. Ihesum, _s._ sum, _a._ 96/3376. on-rum, _adv._ dun, _adv._ 114/4022. sum. _See_ Belum, Ihesum. -UME trume, _s._ welcume, _a._ 53/1830. -UMEN bi-cumen, _inf._ binumen (= ben numen), 45/1578. bi-cumen, _pp._ for-numen, _pp._ 64/2228; numen, _pp._ 109/3840. binumen (= ben numen). _See_ bi-cumen, _inf._ binumen, _pp._ _See_ cumen, _pp._, ouercumen, _inf._, munen, _inf._ cumen, _inf._ munen, _inf._ 47/1622; numen, _pp._ 19/634, 69/2070, 61/2128, 81/2826, 87/3066, 107/3768, 118/4160; wunen, _inf._ 9/306. _See_ nomen, numen, under-numen, sunen, _s. pl._, wunen, _pp._ cumen, _pres. pl._ numen, _pp._ 50/1722. cumen, _pret. pl._ numen, _pp._ 40/1382. cumen, _pp._ binumen, 23/772, 82/2876; numen, _pp._ 11/366, 18/594, 18/620, 32/1112, 33/1142, 38/1316, 67/2346, 93/3270, 98/3438, 103/3640, 105/3680. _See_ mis-numen, numen, wunen, _s. pl._, wunen, _v. pl._ for-numen. _See_ bi-cumen, _pp._ forð-cumen. _See_ vnder-numen. kumen, _inf._ numen, _pp._ 12/400. kumen, _pp._ numen, _pp._ 56/1936. mis-numen, _pp._ cumen, _pp._ 88/3092. numen, _pp._ comen, _pp._ 10/344; cumen, _inf._ 116/4104; cumen, _pp._ 12/410, 17/580, 30/1052, 49/1688, 71/2486, 79/2754, 81/2858; ouer-cumen, _pp._ 60/2108. _See_ bi-cumen, _pp._, cumen, _inf._, cumen, _pres. pl._, cumen, _pret. pl._, cumen, _pp._, kumen, _inf._, kumen, _pp._, wunen, _inf._, wunen, _v. pl._ ouercumen, _inf._ bi-numen, _pp._ 11/376. ouer-cumen, _pp._ _See_ numen. under-numen, _pp._ cumen, _inf._ 92/3222. vnder-numen, _pp._ forð-cumen, _pp._ 61/2136. -UN dragun. _See_ dun, _adv._ dun, _s._ tun, _s._ 32/1102. dun, _adv._ dragun, _s._ 83/2924; prisun, _s._ 58/2040, 63/2194. _See_ town, on-rum, Pharaun, tun. Pharaun, _s._ dun, _adv._ 78/2734; tun, _s._ 73/2570. _See_ prisun. prisun, _s._ Pharaun, _s._ 61/2118. _See_ dun, _adv._ run, _s._ circumcicioun, _s._ 29/992. tun, _s._ dun, _adv._ 21/714, 39/1368. _See_ dun, _s._, Pharaun. -UND grund. _See_ stund. stund, _s._ grund, _s._ 60/2110, 75/2640; grund, _s._ [MS. grunð] 93/3278. -UNE mune, _inf._ _See_ sune, wune, _s._ mune, _sbj. or imp._ sune, _s._ 2/46, 99/3472. _See_ sune. sune, _s._ mune, _sbj. or imp._ 36/1260; mune, _inf._ 69/2422; wune, _s._ 15/494, 20/676, 47/1652, 55/1910, 96/3370; wune, _v._ 33/1156, 36/1254; wune, _a._ 44/1530; wunen, _inf._ 12/404, 27/932. _See_ mune, _sbj. or imp._, wune, _s._ wune, _s._ mune, _inf._ 28/972; sune, _s._ 15/514, 39/1346, 40/1406, 43/1502, 75/2626; sunen, _s._ ?_pl._ 48/1656. _See_ sune. wune, _v._ _See_ sune. wune, _a._ _See_ sune. -UNEN munen, _inf._ binumen, _pp._ 6/198; wunen, _s. pl._ 20/688. _See_ cumen, _inf._, wunen, _s. pl._ munen, _v. pl._ _See_ sunen, _s. pl._ sunen, _s. pl._ cumen, _inf._ 62/2176; munen, _v. pl._ 16/558, 39/1350; wunen, _s. pl._ 99/3482; wunen, _inf._ 42/1448, 54/1898; wunen, _v. pl._ 19/648; wunen, _pp._ 83/2900. _See_ wune, _s._ sunen, _inf._ _See_ wunen, _inf._ wunen, _s. pl._ cumen, _pp._ 23/802; munen, _inf._ 89/3138. _See_ munen, _inf._, sunen, _s. pl._ wunen, _inf._ numen, _pp._ 11/368; sunen, _inf._ 53/1864. _See_ cumen, _inf._, sune, sunen, _s. pl._ wunen, _v. pl._ cumen, _pp._ 17/570; numen, _pp._ 97/3416. _See_ sunen, _s. pl._ wunen, _pp._ cumen, _inf._ 94/3290. _See_ sunen, _s. pl._ -UNES sunes, _s. gen. sg._ _See_ wunes. sunes, _s. pl._ wunes, _s. pl._ 43/1480. _See_ wunes. wunes, _s. pl._ sunes, _s. gen. sg._ 43/1496; sunes, _s. pl._ 16/540, 66/2294. _See_ sunes, _s. pl._ -UNEÐ muneð, _v._ 3 _sg._ wuneð, _v._ 3 _sg._ 69/2410. -URG burg, _s._ ðurg, _postp._ 110/3882; ut-ðhurg, _adv._ 77/2688. -URN suriurn. _See_ turn. turn, _s._ suriurn, _s._ 3/64. -US Exodus. _See_ vs. hus, _s._ us, _pron._ 47/1620. vs, _pron._ Exodus, _s._ 73/2538. -UTH (= UT) Teremuth, _s._ out, _adv._ 75/2616. -UÐ guð, _s._ kuð, _pp._ 76/2666. muð, _s._ selcuð, _a._ 113/3972. -UUE xi^e. (= endluue), _a._ luue, _s._ 55/1922. -UUEN a-buuen, _adv._ luue[n], _s._ 57/2002; ut-suuen, _pp._ 46/1610. _See_ luue[n], luuen, _s._, luuen, _inf._, luuen, _v. pl._, suuen. luue[n], _s._ a-buuen, _adv._ 44/1518. _See_ a-buuen. luuen, _s._ a-buuen, _adv._ 19/636, 116/4082. luuen, _inf._ abuuen, _adv._ 1/10. luuen, _v. pl._ abuuen, _adv._ 2/50. suuen, _pp._ a-buuen, _adv._ 4/108. ut-suuen. _See_ a-buuen. ABBREVIATIONS USED IN THE INDEX OF RIMES. _a._ = adjective; _adv._ = adverb; _conj._ = conjunction; _dat._ = dative; _gen._ = genitive; _imp._ or _imper._ = imperative; _inf._ = infinitive; _int._ = interjection; _p._ = participle; _pl._ = plural; _postp._ = postposition; _pp._ = past or passive participle; _pres._ = present; _pret._ = preterite; _pron._ = pronoun; _s._ = substantive; _sbj._ = subjunctive; _sg._ = singular; _v._ = verb. JOHN CHILDS AND SON, PRINTERS. End of Project Gutenberg's The Story of Genesis and Exodus, by Unknown *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 50685 ***