Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 108, November 22, 1851 - A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc.

The Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 108, November 22, 1851, by Various This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 108, November 22, 1851 A Medium of Inter-communication for Literary Men, Artists, Antiquaries, Genealogists, etc. Author: Various Editor: George Bell Release Date: March 19, 2012 [EBook #39197] Language: English Character set encoding: UTF-8 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NOV 22, 1851 *** Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) [Transcriber's note: Original spelling variations have not been standardized. Underscores have been used to indicate _italic_ fonts. A list of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries" has been added at the end.] NOTES AND QUERIES: A MEDIUM OF INTER-COMMUNICATION FOR LITERARY MEN, ARTISTS, ANTIQUARIES, GENEALOGISTS, ETC. "When found, make a note of."--CAPTAIN CUTTLE. VOL. IV.--No. 108. SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 22, 1851. Price Threepence. Stamped Edition 4_d._ CONTENTS. Page NOTES:-- Age of Trees 401 Lines attributed to Admiral Byng 403 A Chapter on Emblems 403 Folk Lore:--Music at Funerals--Cheshire Folk Lore and Superstition 404 Minor Notes:--Talented--Anagram--Dictionary of Hackneyed Quotations 405 QUERIES:-- Masters and Marshals of the Ceremonies 405 Minor Queries:--Cause of Transparency--Gold Medal of the Late Duke of York--Compositions during the Protectorate--Bristol Tables--Macfarlane's Geographical Collection--"Acu tinali meridi"--Sir Joshua Reynolds--Great Plough at Castor Church--Church of St. Bene't Fink--Inscription on a Pair of Spectacles--Campbell--Family of Cordeux--Panelling Inscription--Infantry Firing 406 REPLIES:-- The Reverend Richard Farmer, by Bolton Corney 407 Anglo-Catholic Library 408 General James Wolfe 409 Punishment of Edward of Caernarvon by his Father--Character of Edward I. 409 Elizabeth Joceline's Legacy to an Unborne Child 410 Replies to Minor Queries:--Coleridge's "Christabel"--Dryden; Illustrations by T. Holt White--Lofcop, Meaning of--Middleton's Epigrams and Satyres--Lord Edward Fitzgerald--Earwig--Sanderson and Taylor--Island of Ægina and the Temple of Jupiter Panhellinius--The Broad Arrow--Consecration of Bishops in Sweden--Meaning of Spon--Quaker Expurgated Bible--Cozens the Painter--Authors of the Homilies 410 MISCELLANEOUS:-- Notes on Books, Sales, Catalogues, &c. 413 Books and Odd Volumes wanted 413 Notices to Correspondents 414 Advertisements 414 Notes. AGE OF TREES. Alexander von Humboldt, in his work entitled _Views of Nature_ (pp. 220. 268-276. ed. Bohn), has some interesting remarks on the age of trees. "In vegetable forms (he says) _massive size_ is indicative of age; and in the vegetable kingdom alone are age and the manifestation of an ever-renewed vigour linked together." Following up this remark, he refers to specimens of the Baobab (_Adansonia digitata_), with trunks measuring more than thirty feet in diameter, the age of which is estimated by Adanson at 5150 years. All calculations of the age of a tree, founded merely on the _size of its trunk_, are, however, uncertain, unless the law of its growth, and the limits of the variation producible by peculiar circumstances, are ascertained, which, in the case of the Adansonia, have not been determined. For the same reason, the calculation of 2,500 years for a gigantic cypress in Persia, mentioned by Evelyn in his _Silva_, is of no value. Humboldt afterwards refers to "the more certain estimations yielded by _annular rings_, and by the relation found to exist between the thickness of the layer of wood and the duration of growth;" which, he adds, give us shorter periods for our temperate northern zone. The calculation of the age of a tree, founded on its successive rings, appears to be quite certain; and whenever these can be counted, the age of a tree can be determined without risk of error. Humboldt quotes a statement from Endlicher, that "in Lithuania linden (or lime) trees have been felled which measured 87 feet round, and in which 815 annular rings have been counted." The section of a trunk of a silver fir, which grew near Barr, is preserved in the Museum at Strasburg: its diameter was eight feet close to the ground, and the number of rings is said to amount to several hundreds. Unfortunately this mode of determining a tree's age cannot be applied to a living tree; and it is only certain where the tree is sound at the heart. Where a tree has become hollow from old age, the rings near the centre, which constitute a part of the evidence of its duration, no longer exist. Hence the age of the great oak of Saintes, in the department of the Charente Inférieure, which measures twenty-three feet in diameter five feet from the ground, and is large enough to contain a small chamber, can only be estimated; and the antiquity of 1800 or 2000 years, which is assigned to it, must rest on an uncertain conjecture. Decandolle lays it down that, of all European trees, the _yew_ attains the greatest age; and he assigns an antiquity of thirty centuries to the _Taxus baccata_ of Braburn in Kent; from twenty-five to thirty centuries to the Scotch yew of Fortingal; and fourteen and a half and twelve centuries respectively to those of Crowhurst in Surrey and Ripon (Fountains Abbey) in Yorkshire. These ages are fixed by a conjecture founded on the _size_, which can lead to no certain result. Can any of your correspondents state what is the greatest number of rings which have been actually counted in any yew, or other tree, which has grown in the British Isles, or elsewhere? It Is only by actual enumeration that vegetable chronology can be satisfactorily determined: but if the rings in many trees were counted, some relation between the number of rings and the diameter of the trunk, for each species, might probably be laid down within certain limits. These rings, being annually deposited, form a natural chronicle of time, by which the age of a tree is determined with as much precision as the lapse of human events is determined by the cotemporaneous registration of annalists. Hence Milton speaks of "monumental oak." Evelyn, who has devoted a long chapter of his _Silva_ to an investigation of the age of trees (b. iii. c. iii.), founds his inferences chiefly on their _size_; but he cites the following remark from Dr. Goddard: "It is commonly and very probably asserted, that a tree gains a new ring every year. In the body of a great oak in the New Forest, cut transversely even, (where many of the trees are accounted to be some hundreds of years old) three and four hundred have been distinguished."--Vol. ii. p. 202. ed. Hunter. A delineation and description of the largest and most celebrated trees of Great Britain may be seen in the interesting work of Jacob George Strutt, entitled _Sylva Britannica, or Portraits of Forest Trees, distinguished for their Antiquity, Magnitude, or Beauty_: London, 1822, folio. The age of some trees is determined by historical records, in the same manner that we know the age of an ancient building, as the Parthenon, the Colosseum, or the Tower of London. It is, however, important that such historical evidence should be carefully scrutinised; for trees which are known to be of great antiquity sometimes give rise to fabulous legends, destitute of any foundation in fact. Such, for example, was the plane-tree near Caphyæ, in Arcadia, seen by Pausanias in the second century after Christ, which was reported by the inhabitants to have been planted by Menelaus when he was collecting the army for the expedition against Troy. (_Paus._ VIII. 23.) Such too, doubtless, was the oak of Mamre, where the angels were said to have appeared to Abraham. (_Sozomen_, ii. 3.) A rose-tree growing in the crypt of the cathedral of Hildesheim is referred, by a church-legend, to a date anterior to 1061; which would imply an age of more than 800 years, but the evidence adduced seems scarcely sufficient to identify the existing rose-tree with the rose-tree of 1061. (See _Humboldt_, p. 275.) In other cases, however, the historical evidence extant, if not altogether free from doubt, is sufficient to carry the age of a tree back to a remote date. The Swilcar Lawn oak, in Needwood Forest, Staffordshire, is stated by Strutt, p. 2., "to be known by historical documents to be at this time [1822] six hundred years old; and it is still far from being in the last stage of decay." Of a great elm growing at Chipstead Place in Kent, he says: "Its appearance altogether savours enough of antiquity to bear out the tradition annexed to it, that in the time of Henry V. a fair was held annually under its branches; the high road from Rye in Sussex to London then passing close by it." (P. 5.) If this tradition be authentic, the elm in question must have been a large and wide-spreading tree in the years 1413-22. A yew-tree at Ankerwyke House, near Staines, is supposed to be of great antiquity. There is a tradition that Henry VIII. occasionally met Anne Boleyn under its branches: but it is not stated how high this tradition ascends. (_Ib._, p. 8.) The Abbot's Oak, near Woburn Abbey, is stated to derive its name from the fact that the abbot of the monastery was, by order of Henry VIII., hung from its branches in 1537. (_Ib._, p. 10.) But Query, is this an authentic fact? There is a tradition respecting the Shelton Oak near Shrewsbury, that before the battle of Shrewsbury between Henry IV. and Hotspur, in 1403, Owen Glendower reconnoitred the field from its branches, and afterwards drew off his men. Positive documentary evidence, in the possession of Richard Hill Waring, Esq., is likewise cited, which shows that this tree was called "the Great Oak" in the year 1543 (_Ib._ p. 17.). There is a traditional account that the old yew-trees at Fountains Abbey existed at the foundation of the abbey, in the year 1132; but the authority for this tradition, and the time at which it was first recorded, is not stated. (P. 21.) The Abbot's Willow, near Bury St. Edmund's, stands on a part of the ancient demesne of the Abbot of Bury, and is hence conjectured to be anterior to the dissolution of the monastery in the reign of Henry VIII. (P. 23.) The Queen's Oak at Huntingfield, in Suffolk, was situated in a park belonging to Lord Hunsdon, where he had the honour of entertaining Queen Elizabeth. The queen is reported to have shot a buck with her own hand from this oak. (P. 26.) Sir Philip Sidney's Oak, near Penshurst, is said to have been planted at his birth, in 1554: it has been celebrated by Ben Jonson and Waller. This oak is above twenty-two feet in girth; it is hollow, and stag-headed; and, so far as can be judged from the engraving, has an appearance of great antiquity, though its age only reaches back to the sixteenth century. (P. 27.) The Tortworth Chestnut is described as being not only the largest, but the oldest tree in England: Evelyn alleges that "it continued a signal boundary to that manor in King Stephen's time, as it stands upon record;" but the date of the record is not mentioned. We can hardly suppose that it was cotemporaneous. (_Ib._ p. 29.) An elm at Chequers in Buckinghamshire is reported, by a tradition handed down in the families of the successive owners, to have been planted in the reign of Stephen. (_Ib._ p. 38.) Respecting the Wallace Oak, at Ellerslie near Paisley, it is reported that Sir William Wallace, and three hundred of his men, hid themselves among its branches from the English. This legend is probably fabulous; if it were true, it would imply that the tree was in its full vigour at the end of the thirteenth century. (_Ib._ p. 5.) The ash at Carnock, in Stirlingshire, supposed to be the largest in Scotland, and still a luxuriant tree, was planted about the year 1596, by Sir Thomas Nicholson of Carnock, Lord Advocate of Scotland in the reign of James VI. (_Ib._ p. 8.) Marshall, in his Work on _Planting and Rural Ornament_ (2 vols. 1796) refers to a paper on the age of trees, by Mr. Marsham, in the first volume of the _Transactions of the Bath Agriculture Society_, in which the Tortworth Chestnut is calculated to be not less than 1100 years old. Marshall, who appears to have examined this tree with great care, corrects the account given by Mr. Marsham, and states that it is not one, but two trees. Sir Robert Atkins, in his _History of Gloucestershire_, says: "By tradition this tree was growing in King John's reign." Evelyn, however, as we have already seen, speaks of a record that it served as a manor boundary in the reign of Stephen. Query, on what authority do these statements rest? Marshall thinks that a duration of nearly a thousand years may be fairly assigned to the Tortworth tree; and he adds: "If we consider the quick growth of the chestnut, compared with that of the oak, and at the same time the inferior bulk of the Tortworth Chestnut to the Cowthorp, the Bentley, and the Boddington oaks, may we not venture to infer that the existence of these truly venerable trees commenced some centuries prior to the era of Christianity?" The oaks here alluded to by Marshall are of immense size. The Cowthorp Oak is near Wetherby; the Bentley Oak, in Holt Forest, near Bentley; the Boddington Oak, between Cheltenham and Tewksbury (vol. ii. pp. 127. 298.). Perhaps some of your correspondents may be able to point out authentic evidence respecting the true dates of ancient trees. A large tree is a subject of interest to the entire neighbourhood: it receives an individual name, like a river, a mountain, or a building; and by its permanence it affords a fixed point for a faithful local tradition to rest upon. On the other hand, the infidelity of oral tradition is well known; and the mere interest which attaches to a tree of unusual size is likely to give birth to a romantic legend, when its true history has been forgotten. The antiquary and the botanist may assist one another in determining the age of trees. By the authentic evidence of their duration which the former is able to furnish, the latter may establish tests by which their longevity may be calculated. L. LINES ATTRIBUTED TO ADMIRAL BYNG. The following lines are copied, _verbatim et literatim_, from a window pane in an upstairs room of the Talbot Inn, Ripley. The tradition is that they were written by Admiral Byng, who was confined in the room as a prisoner when on his way to Portsmouth; that sentinels were placed on the staircase outside; that during the night the admiral walked past the sleeping guard, gathered some flowers from the inn garden, and returned to his room; and that on leaving the following morning, he told the Inn Lady he should see her on his way back to London, when he was acquitted. "Come all you true Britons, and listen to me; I'll tell you the truth, you'll then plainly see How Minorca was lost, why the kingdom doth ring, And lay the whole blame on Admiral Byng. Sing tantararara, rogues all, rogues all. "Newcastle, and Hardwick, and Anson did now Preside at the helm, and to whom all must bow; Minorca besieged, who protection will bring; They know 'tis too late, let the victim be Byng. Sing tantararara, rogues all. "With force insufficient he's ordered away; He obeys, and he sails without any delay; But alas! 'tis too late: who shall say to the king Minorca must fall, why, accuse Mr. Byng. Sing tantararara, rogues all. "Minorca now falls, and the nation enraged; With justice they cry, let all who engaged In traterous deeds, with curst infamy swing: What! none to be found but poor Admiral Byng. Sing tantararara, rogues all." Is there any reason to doubt the truth of this tradition, or that the verses were written by the unfortunate admiral? A. C. G. Ripley, Nov. 10, 1851. A CHAPTER ON EMBLEMS. "An history of emblems in all languages, with specimens of the poetry and engravings, accompanied by some account of the authors, would be a very interesting contribution to our literature." Thus speaks the author of a work remarkable for interest, information, and elegance of taste, viz., _Lives of Sacred Poets_, by Robert Willmott, Esq.; and truly such a work would be a great _desideratum_ were the idea here suggested efficiently carried out. In our own, and in other languages, many beautiful poems--some of them very gems--exist, attached to, and written on some of "the most ridiculous prints that ever excited merriment." A tasteful collection of the more beautiful poems, with some spirited woodcuts, or engravings to accompany them, would form a beautiful volume. This, however, is a suggestion different from, and secondary to, Mr. Willmott's. Emblems, figures, symbols, &c., constitute a vast ocean of associations which all enter on, all understand, all sympathise with more or less. They enrich our language, enter into our commonest thoughts and conversation, as well as our compositions in poetry and prose. Often the clearest ideas we have on abstruse points are derived from them, _e.g._ the _shamrock_ or _trefoil_ is an emblem of _the Blessed Trinity_. Nothing perhaps helps us to comprehend the resurrection of the body, and in a glorified state through preserving its identity, as the apostle's illustration and emblem of the _growth of corn_. In a work on the subject it would be desirable to keep the classical, artistic, political, and other emblems apart from the sacred and moral, &c. I must now say a few words on a book of emblems, entitled _Schola Cordis, sive Aversi a Deo Cordis, ad eumdem reductio et instructio, Authore Benedicto Haefteno, Antv._ 1635. (This Benedict Haeften was also the author of _Regia Via Crucis_, published at Antwerp the same year as the above, in 2 vols. 8vo., I think, and afterwards translated into French.) This work suggested _Schola Cordis, or the Heart of itself gone away from God, brought back again to Him and instructed by Him, in XLVII emblems_: London, printed for M. Blunder at the Castle in Cornhill, 1647, 12mo. pp. 196. The authorship of this English _Schola Cordis_ is generally attributed to Christopher Harvie, the author of _The Synagogue_. (Vide Lowndes, and a note in Pickering's edition of George Herbert.) The second edition was printed in 1674, third in 1675, fourth in 1676. Now, Mr. Tegg in 1845 printed an edition of this _Schola Cordis_ as the production of Francis Quarles; what was his authority I know not, he certainly did not attempt to give any. The last three books of Quarles's _Emblems_ contain forty-five prints, all from Herman Hugo's _Pia Desideria_, which has that number of emblems. Quarles sometimes translates, sometimes paraphrases Hugo, and has a good deal of original matter. His first two books are not in Hugo's work, and I do not know whence they are derived; nearly all the cuts contain a globe and cross. Herman Hugo had the talents and versatility which characterise his order (the Order of Jesus), "he was a philosopher, a linguist, a theologian, a poet, and a soldier, and under the command of Spinola is said to have performed prodigies of valour." He was the author of _De prima Scribendi Origine et Universa Rei Literariæ Antiquitate_, an excellent work; and of _De Militia Equestri antiqua et nova_ amongst others. His _Book of Emblems_ was first published at Antwerp, 1624. It is divided into _three_ books, viz., Pia Desideria. 1. Gemitus {A } Poenitentis. 2. Vota {n } Sanctæ. 3. Suspiria {imæ} Amantis. Each book contains fifteen emblems. The principal editions are, Antv. 1624, ed. princeps; Antv. 1628, 1632; Græcii, 1651; Lond. 1677, sumptibus Roberti Pawlet, Chancery Lane. This London edition contains only verse, whereas all the other editions contain metre and prose before each picture, the prose being far the better of the two. The only prose that Pawlet's edition has is a motto from one of the Fathers at the back of each picture. There are two or three English translations. I have seen but one, a miserable translation of the verse part, I suppose from Pawlet's edition. There are short notices of emblems in the _Retrospective Review_, ix. 123-140.; _Critical Review_, Sept. 1801 (attributed to Southey); see also Willmott's _Lives of Sacred Poets_ (Wither and Quarles); Cæsar Ripa's _Iconologia_, Padua, 1627; and _Alciati Emblemata_, Lugd. 1614. The Fagel Library, Trinity College, Dublin, has a fine copy of the first edition of the _Pia Desideria_, and upwards of sixty books of emblems, principally Dutch. P.S.--When I penned the above I was not aware that any mention of the _School of the Heart_ had been made in "NOTES AND QUERIES." I find in Southey's fourth _Common-place Book_ that he quotes from the _School of the Heart_ as Quarles's. He has the following note on Quarles's Emblems: "Philips erroneously says that the emblems are a copy from Hermannus Hugo." I know not what Philips exactly intended by the word "copy;" but if any one doubts what I have before said respecting these Emblems, let him compare Hugo and Quarles together. I forgot to give the title of the first edition of Hugo: _Pia Desideria Emblematis, Elegiis et Affectibus, SS. Patrum Illustrata, vulgavit Boetius a Bolswert_, Antv. 1624. Also the title of our English translation: _Pia Desideria; or, Divine Addresses_, in three books, written in Latin by Herm. Hugo, Englished by Edm. Arwaker, M.A., Lond. 1686, 8vo., pp. 282., dedicated to the Princess Anne of Denmark, with forty-seven plates by Sturt. MARICONDA. FOLK LORE. _Music at Funerals._--Pennant, in his MS. relating to North Wales, says, "there is a custom of singing psalms on the way as the corpse is carried to church" (Brand's _Pop. Ant._, ed. Ellis, vol. ii. p. 268.). In North Devon the custom of singing is similar; but it is not a psalm it is a dirge. I send you a copy of one in use at Lynton, sent to me by my sister. Farewell all, my parents[1] dear, And all my friends, farewell! I hope I'm going to that place Where Christ and saints do dwell. Oppress'd with grief long time I've been, My bones cleave to my skin, My flesh is wasted quite away With pain that I was in, Till Christ his messenger did send, And took my life away, To mingle with my mother earth, And sleep with fellow clay. Into thy hands I give my soul, Oh! cast it not aside, But favor me and hear my prayer, And be my rest and guide. Affliction hath me sore oppress'd, Brought me to death in time; O Lord! as thou hast promised, Let me to life return. For when that Christ to judgment comes, He unto us will say, If we His laws observe and keep, "Ye blessed, come away." How blest is he who is prepar'd, He fears not at his death; Love fills his heart, and hope his breast, With joy he yields his breath. Vain world, farewell! I must be gone, I cannot longer stay; My time is spent, my glass is run, God's will I must obey. [Footnote 1: Sister or brother, as the case may be.] Another dirge, ending with the sixth stanza of the foregoing, is used at an infant's funeral, but the rhyme is not so well kept. WM. DURRANT COOPER. _Cheshire Folk Lore and Superstition._--There is in this town a little girl, about thirteen years old, in great request among the poor as a charmer in cases of burns or scalds. Immediately on the accident the girl is fetched from her work in the mill; on her arrival she kneels down by the side of the sufferer, mutters a few words, and touches the individual, and the people believe and affirm that the sufferings immediately cease, as she has charmed the fire out of the parts injured. The surgeon's aid is then called in to heal the sores. The girl affirms that she found it out herself by reading her Bible, of which the wonder-working charm is a verse. She will take no reward, nor may any of her relatives; if she or they were, her power would be at an end. She is an ordinary, merry, playful girl; as a surgeon I often come across her in such accidents. I know some other such charmers in Cheshire, but none so young. One, an old man, stops bleedings of all kinds by a similar charm, viz. a verse from the Bible. But he does not require to be at the patient's side, his power being equally efficacious at the distance of one hundred miles, as close by. E. W. L. Congleton. Minor Notes. _Talented._--Sterling, in a letter to Carlyle, objects to the use of this word by his biographer in his _Sartor Resartus_, calling it a hustings and newspaper word, brought in, as he had heard, by O'Connell. J. O'G. _Anagram._--Sir J. Stephen, in his essay on _The French Benedictines_, gives an anagram of Father Finavdis of the Latinized name of that great bibliophagist Magliabechi:--Antonius Magliabechius--Is unus bibliotheca magna. In the same essay he says that Mabillon called Magliabechi "Museum inambulans, et viva quædam bibliotheca." Possibly this is the origin of our expression "a walking dictionary." J. O'G. _Dictionary of Hackneyed Quotations._--I beg to inform your correspondent who suggested such a publication as a _Dictionary of Hackneyed Quotations_, that I commenced such a work some time ago, and hope before long to have it ready for the press. Every common quotation or familiar proverb from the poets will be ranged with the _context_ under its respective author, while an alphabetical index will facilitate reference to any particular passage. I doubt not the readers of your valuable periodical will assist me whenever I am at fault as to the authorship of any line or "household word;" and I should feel at the present time much obliged if any one could tell me where "Though lost to sight, to memory dear," may be found? H. A. B. Trinity College, Cambridge. Queries. MASTERS AND MARSHALS OF THE CEREMONIES? How are these offices now held? By letters patent of the crown, or by the lord chamberlain's nomination? Where can any list of these offices be found? The office of Master of the Ceremonies, whose duty it is to arrange the reception of all foreign ministers, and their departures, was formerly an office of considerable importance. In the reign of King Charles I. it was held seemingly by grants from the crown. In 1627, Sir John Finett says he received news of the death of Sir Lewis Lewknor, by which, in right of his Majesty's grant of reversion by letters patent, he became sole Master of the Ceremonies--an office which he before held jointly with Sir Lewis Lewknor. S. E. G. Minor Queries. 286. _Cause of Transparency._--Seeing through the glass of my window a landscape, and not knowing _why_ I see through the glass, and not through the shutters, I will thank one of your philosophical correspondents to tell me the _cause of transparency_. ÆGROTUS. 287. _Gold Medal of late Duke of York._--I have a small gold medal, three-quarter inch in diameter, a head with inscription-- "Fredericus dux Eborac." and Rev.: "Multis ille bonis flebilis occidit. Non. Ian. 1827." Were many such struck at the duke's death, or what is the history of it? A. A. D. 288. _Composition's during the Protectorate._--Where is there any account or list of these? In Oldfield's _History of Wainfleet_, p. 12. Appendix, is a "List of Residents in the County of Lincoln who compounded for their Estates during the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell;" but he gives no authority or reference. Where can this list be checked, as I suspect an error? W. H. L. Fulham. 289. _Bristol Tables._--Upon the pavement in front of the Exchange, Bristol, there are four very handsome bronze tables standing, upon a single pedestal each; the tops circular, about two feet in diameter, with a slightly raised edge round them. It is said that they were presented to the Bristol merchants for them to pay their money upon; but when, or by whom, they were so given, I have not been able to learn. A friend of mine who was lately examining them was told that they were formerly called "Nails," and gave rise to the saying, "Pay down upon the nail:" this I should think must be an error. "Solvere ad unguem" would be found to be older than they are. If any of your correspondents can give me any information respecting them, I shall be obliged. E. N. W. Southwark. 290. _Macfarlane's Geographical Collection._--In almost every work treating of the history and topographical antiquities of Scotland, we are referred to _Macfarlane's Geographical Collection_, preserved in the Advocates' Library, Edinburgh. This MS., and its author, are very little known, except by name, _benorth the Tay_, notwithstanding they are so often quoted. I should be glad if any of your correspondents would give me any information regarding the extent of country embraced, _i.e._ parishes, counties, &c., and if any part of it has been published _per se_, and when, and where. ANTIQUARIENSIS. Inverness. 291. "_Acu tinali meridi._"--At the head of an English metrical discourse upon the administration of justice, in a MS. of the fourteenth or fifteenth century, in the Public Library, Cambridge, is placed the following obscure motto, upon which, perhaps, some correspondent can throw light:-- "O judex vi fervida hanc servabis artem, Acu tinali merida .i. audi alteram partem." I have not seen the MS., but am told that the correctness of the reading may be depended upon. C. W. G. 292. _Sir Joshua Reynolds._--Having the early catalogues of the Royal Academy before me, I see that in 1773 and following years, Sir Joshua exhibited twelve or thirteen works. You will find they stand as current Nos. in the list. Can you inform me whether they hung on the line, that is, in the space of privilege, or took their chance with the many? Had they, under his own eye, been grouped together, what a treat it must have been to see them! What an evidence of the industry of the man! Though too late in the day to obtain these details from actual observation, enough may be recorded or remembered through others, to assist in throwing light on the rules and customs of past days, which never can be deficient in interest while they tend to illustrate the habits and character of great men. You could touch no topic more interesting than this must prove to the increasing curiosity seekers in your useful and amusing repertorium, and your attention to it will be valued by A LAYMAN. Athenæum Club. 293. _Great Plough at Castor Church._--Can any of your correspondents give me the history of, or afford me any intelligence about, the large plough which Dibdin, in his _Northern Tour_, vol. i. p. 44., tells us is about twenty feet in length, and suspended in Castor Church, extending from one transept to the other? In a foot-note on the same church, he speaks of a curious ceremony, as practised there every Palm Sunday, respecting a peculiar tenure. I do not find it referred to in any other account of Castor Church. Bourne, in his _Antiquities_, vol. i. p. 130., gives the history of it, but says it is practised at Caistor Church in Lincolnshire. Is the doctor right in his statement? I would also be glad to know whether it is still continued at Caistor Church, as some years ago an act was tried for in the House to abolish it. R. W. ELLIOT. Hull. 294. _Church of St. Bene't Fink._--Is there any copy in existence of the inscriptions on the gravestones and monuments of St. Bene't Fink in the City, adjoining the Exchange, and which is now pulled down? If any of your correspondents can direct me to any transcript of them, I shall be much obliged by the communication. JAS. CROSSLEY. 295. _Spectacles, Inscription on a Pair of._--Will you oblige me by inserting, as soon as possible, the following curious inscription round the rim of a pair of spectacles found in a stone coffin in Ombersley Church, Worcestershire, some years since, when the old church was being pulled down. It is as follows:-- "JOHERHARD MAY: SEEL ERB. PETER CONRAD. WIEGEL." This occurs on each rim, and I should be glad of an explanation of the words. J. N. B. (A Subscriber.) 296 _Campbell._--Can any of your readers tell me what he supposes Campbell to mean when he makes the sister, in delivering her curse on her brother, say-- "Go where the havoc of your kerne Shall float as high as mountain fern!" Does havoc float? Does mountain fern float? What is the effect of either floating _high_? The lines are in "The Flower of Love lies Bleeding." Also can any one say who or what this is? "Fly, like the moon-eyed herald of dismay Chac'd on his night-steed by the star of day!" The lines are near the end of _The Pleasures of Hope_. W. W. Cambridge. 297. _Family of Cordeux._--What is the origin of the name? When was it introduced into England? What are the armorial bearings of the family? What family or families bear gu. three stags' heads, on a chief arg. two griffins' heads erased: Crest, a griffin's head erased? Any information of the Cordeux family more than fifty years ago will confer an obligation on the querist. W. H. K. 298. _Panelling Inscription._--I have recently discovered, in my investigations for the _History and Antiquities of South Lynn_, an old building in this town which bears the date 1605 on one of its gables; and in the course of my peregrinations through, I find some old panelling with the date 1676, and the following inscription in old English (large) characters: "As nothinge is so absolutly blest But chance may crosse, and make it seeming ill, So nothinge cane a man so much molest, But God may chang, and seeing good he will." It has been suggested to me that these lines form a quotation from some of our English poets; if so, of whom? for it is of great importance to me to know, as it will tend considerably to connect the date with the building; and if the lines can be traced to a writer of the period, it will establish what I require very much, and assist me in my researches. J. N. C. 299. _Infantry Firing._--Can any of your correspondents refer me to authentic instances of the comparative numbers of rounds of cartridges fired in action, with the number of men killed? I think I have read it in Sir W. Napier's _History of the Peninsular War_, and also in _The Times_, but omitted to make a note. I have some recollection of 60,000 rounds beings fired, and only one man killed! and another instance of 80,000, and twenty-five killed! Any remarkable instances of the inefficiency of musketry fire will be acceptable. H. Y. W. N. Replies. THE REVEREND RICHARD FARMER. (Vol. iv., p. 379.) Assuming that the principal ATROCITIES of the reverend Richard Farmer are his _Essay on the learning of Shakespeare_, and the substance of a note on _Hamlet_, Act V. Sc. 2., I shall transcribe, as a hint to the lovers of manly criticism, a general character of that writer, a character of his _Essay_, and the note in question:-- 1. "His knowledge is various, extensive, and recondite. With much seeming negligence, and perhaps in later years some real relaxation, he understands more and remembers more about common and uncommon subjects of literature, than many of those who would be thought to read all the day and meditate half the night. In quickness of apprehension and acuteness of discrimination I have not often seen his equal."--Samuel PARR. 2. "It [the _Essay on the learning of Shakespeare_] may in truth be pointed out as a master-piece, whether considered with a view to the sprightliness and vivacity with which it is written, the clearness of the arrangement, the force and variety of the evidence, or the compression of scattered materials into a narrow compass; materials which inferior writers would have expanded into a large volume."--Isaac REED. 3. "There's a divinity that _shapes our ends_, _Rough-hew_ [them how we will.] Dr. Farmer informs me, that these words are merely technical. A wool-man, butcher, and dealer in _skewers_, lately observed to him, that his nephew (an idle lad), could only _assist_ him in making them;"--'he could _rough-hew_ them, but I was obliged to _shape their ends_.' [To shape the ends of _wool-skewers_, i.e. to _point_ them, requires a degree of skill; any one can _rough-hew_ them.] Whoever recollects the profession of Shakespeare's father, will admit that his son might be no stranger to such a term [such terms]. I have [frequently] seen packages of wool pinn'd up with _skewers_.--STEEVENS. This note was first printed by Malone in 1780, and was reprinted by him in 1790; the portions within brackets having been added in 1793? It is clear, from this statement, that it received the deliberate revision of its author. Now, I cannot deny that Farmer related the anecdote of the _wool-man_--suspicious as is the character of the witness, but I contend that the observations on it should be ascribed to Steevens alone; and so I shall leave your critic A. E. B. to his own reflections. BOLTON CORNEY. ANGLO-CATHOLIC LIBRARY. (Vol. iv., p. 365.) A SUBSCRIBER TO THE ANGLO-CATHOLIC LIBRARY has discovered _one_ fault in _one_ volume (published in 1844) of a series which now extends to sixty-three volumes; and on this _one fault_ he builds a representation which implies, in general, incompetency in the editors, and neglect of proper supervision on the part of the committee of the Anglo-Catholic Library. I believe the character of the editions of most of the volumes sent out in this series is sufficiently known to theologians to render such a charge as this of little importance as respects their judgment. But it may not be so with many of the readers of "NOTES AND QUERIES." The gravamen of the charge rests on the importance of a certain passage of St. Jerome bearing on the Presbyterian controversy,--on the necessity for a familiarity with that controversy in an editor of Overall's _Convocation Book_,--and the consequent incompetency of a person not thus familiar with it to edit that work without, not the assistance merely, but the immediate supervision of the committee. Now the subject of episcopacy is _not_, as the Subscriber alleges, "the principal subject" of this Book; it occupies 30 pages out of 272: nor is a familiarity with that controversy in any special way necessary for an editor of the volume. The subjects of which the _Convocation Book_ treats are wide and varied, and such omnigenous knowledge as a familiar acquaintance with them implies, is not, nor could be, required in any editor, nor be expected by subscribers. The committee of the Anglo-Catholic Library undertook to publish careful reprints of the works of our old divines; and had they simply reprinted with accuracy the _Convocation Book_, as published in 1690, they would have fulfilled their covenant with the subscribers. They did, however, much more. It was known that the original MS. copy of this Book was preserved at Durham. The edition of 1690 had been printed from a transcript made by Archbishop Sancroft. The committee therefore engaged the services of a gentleman whose name is well known as an accurate editor of works existing in MS. This gentlemen obtained access to all the known MSS. of the _Convocation Book_; viz. 1. The original copy, and papers of alterations suggested as it passed through the Upper House, preserved at Durham. 2. A cotemporary MS. of part of the first book, also preserved at Durham. 3. Archbishop Sancroft's Transcript, preserved at Emanuel College, Cambridge and 4. A MS. of the first book belonging to Bishop Barlow, preserved at Queen's College, Oxford. These MSS. were carefully collated, and the variations, in many respects curious and interesting, were printed at the bottom of the pages, and, as regards the 4th MS., at the end of the volume. The result is a correct edition of the text of this book, with all that can be learned of its variations--the book so highly extolled by your correspondent. And I hear no objection alleged against the care and faithfulness with which this part of the work has been executed: your correspondent does not appear to be aware of anything of the kind having been done. But the editor went still further--he not only gave the subscribers so much more than they had bargained for, he added full references to the authorities quoted in the book; and when the passages were important, he printed them in full, and even added references to works in which the arguments were more largely handled. Now these references appear to me to amount to many hundreds. They begin with Josephus, and run through Fathers, councils, schoolmen, Roman Catholic controversialists, ecclesiastical historians, and the chroniclers of the Middle Ages: and, as far as I can judge in looking over the notes, not more than three or four of these passages have been undiscovered by the editor, and he honestly says he has not found them; one of these is the unlucky place of St. Jerome, which your correspondent happens to know something about. The remarks of your correspondent have led me to examine the book, and I refer any one who has the least regard for candour or fairness, to do the same. I would ask them to judge it as a whole, to see the number and variety of the references, and the care which has been bestowed upon them; and to say whether--because he missed one passage, and knew not its importance--the editor can be fairly charged with incompetency; or the committee of the Anglo-Catholic Library accused of neglect, in leaving the work in his hands without exercising over him such supervision as implies the reading every sheet as it passed through the press; for _assistance_ the editor had, and amply acknowledges that he received, at the hand of the superintending editor. ANOTHER SUBSCRIBER TO THE ANGLO-CATHOLIC LIBRARY. GENERAL JAMES WOLFE. (Vol. iv., pp. 271. 322.) Many letters of Wolfe's will be found published in the _Naval and Military Gazette_ of the latter part of last and early part of this year. By the statement of your correspondent MR. COLE, Wolfe was promoted as captain in Burrell's regiment (at present the 4th, or king's own) in 1744. Now Burrell's regiment took the left of the first line at Culloden, so that James Wolfe, unless absent on leave, or employed on particular duty, must have been in that action. The left of the second line was occupied by "Colonel Wolfe's" regiment (now the 8th or "king's"). See the "Rebellion of 1745," by Robert Chambers, in Constable's _Miscellany_, vol. xvi. p. 86. Captains of _nineteen_ were common enough at that period, but Wolfe is the only one whose name has excited attention. As to Wolfe's having been "the youngest general ever intrusted with such a responsible command" as that at Quebec, your correspondent surely forgets Napoleon in modern, and the Black Prince in more remote times. I have seen at Mr. Scott's, of Cahircon, in the co. Clare, an engraving of Wolfe: he is designated as the "Hero of Louisburgh," and is represented with his right to the spectator, the right hand and arm raised as if enforcing an order. The features are small, the nose rather "cocked," and the face conveys the idea of spirit and determination; he wears a very small three-cocked hat, with a plain black cockade, a sort of frock coat reaching to the knees, where it is met by long boots; there are no epaulets, a twist belt confines the coat, and supports a cartouche-box in front, and a bayonet at the right side, and he carries a fusil slung from his right shoulder "en bandouillière." It is said that the father of Wolfe was an Irishman, and I have been shown in the co. Wicklow the farm on which it is said that James Wolfe was born. It lies near Newtown-Mount-Kennedy. Be that as it may, the name has been made celebrated in Ireland within the last half century by three individuals: first, the Lord Kilwarden, who was murdered during Emmett's rising in 1803; secondly, the late Chief Baron, who spelt his name "with a difference;" and last, not least, the author of the celebrated lines on the "Burial of Sir John Moore." KERRIENSIS. PUNISHMENT OF EDWARD OF CAERNARVON BY HIS FATHER.--CHARACTER OF EDWARD I. (Vol. iv., p. 338.) I think considerable light is thrown upon this very remarkable incident by a letter of the prince himself to the Earl of Lincoln, dated Midhurst, June 14, which appears upon the Roll of that prince's letters lately discovered at the Chapter House, Westminster. (See _Ninth Report of the Deputy Keeper of the Public Records_, App. II., No. 5.) This letter has been printed in one of the volumes of the Sussex Archæological Society, having been written from that county. For such of your readers as may not have either of these books at command, I will give the material part of the letter, translated: "On Sunday, the 13th of June, we came to Midhurst, where we found the lord the king, our father; the Monday following, on account of certain words which, it had been reported to the king, had taken place _between us and the Bishop of Chester_, he was so enraged with us that he has forbidden us, or any of our retinue, to dare to enter his house; and he has forbidden all the people of his household and of the exchequer to give or lend us anything for the support of our household. We are staying at Midhurst to wait his pleasure and favour, and we shall follow after him as well as we are able, at a distance of ten or twelve miles from his house, until we have been able to recover his good will, which we very much desire." The roll contains several letters which show how seriously the prince was affected by his father's displeasure, and how the king was appeased. By the letter above quoted, the "minister" appears to have been the Bishop of Chester, then treasurer of the royal household. But the connexion between the prince's case and that of William de Brewosa does not appear, unless they were on intimate terms, as is not improbable: and the punishment of the prince himself is, in my opinion, referred to as a precedent or justification of the punishment imposed upon Brewes. That the severe punishment so imposed was richly deserved none can doubt who has read the report on the Roll: but an unfortunate error in the press[2] makes it appear that the prince, and not De Brewes, was the culprit, and performed the penance. [Footnote 2: Page 339. col. 1. line 46., where "Edward" is printed instead of "William de Brewes."] To return to the prince's offence and punishment. He appears to have been nearly starved into submission, as the royal prohibition against supplying him with articles or money was obliged to be removed by a Letter Close directed to all the sheriffs, dated Ospring, 22nd July. The whole transaction is highly characteristic of the firmness of the king. Whether the prince's letters which I have referred to make out a case of _harshness_, as regards some other circumstances, I will not now trouble you with. But while examining cotemporary documents illustrative of the prince and his correspondents, I met with an entry upon the Close Roll (33 Edw. I.) too strikingly illustrative of the determination and caution of Edward I. to be allowed to remain in its present obscurity. On the 27th November the prince addressed a letter to Master Gerard de Pecoraria, earnestly begging him to favour and forward the affairs of Ralph de Baldok, then Bishop Elect of London. The "affairs" in question were the removal of certain scruples instilled into the Papal ear against the approval of the bishop elect; a matter generally involving some diplomacy and much money. Master Gerard was employed by the Pope to collect various dues in England; and so his good will was worth obtaining. But the following Letter Close will show how he received his "quietus," as far as the King of England was concerned: "The King to Ralph de Sandwich.--By reason of the excessive and indecent presumption with which Gerard de Pecoraria is making oppressive levies and collections of money in various places; by whose authority we know not, for he will not show it; and inasmuch as the same is highly derogatory to our crown, and injurious to our people, and many complaints have been made against him on that account; We command you to take the said Gerard before the Mayor and Sheriffs of London, and there warn him to cease from making the said levies, and to quit the kingdom in six days, _provided that at such warning no public notary be present, so that the warning be given to the said Gerard alone, no one else hearing. And be you careful that no one but yourself see this letter, or get a copy thereof._" Who can doubt that such a mandate was strictly carried out? I regret that my memoranda do not preserve the original language. JOSEPH BURTT. MR. GIBSON will find that this story, as well as that relative to Sir William Gascoigne, is also told by MR. FOSS (_Judges of England_, vol. iii. pp. 43. 261.), who suggests that the offence committed by Prince Edward was an insult to Walter de Langton, Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, occasioned probably by the boldness with which that prelate, while treasurer, corrected the insolence of Peter de Gaveston, and restrained the Prince's extravagance. (_Ibid._ p. 114.) R. S. V. P. ELIZABETH JOCELINE'S LEGACY TO AN UNBORNE CHILD. (Vol. iv., p. 367.) Your correspondent J. M. G., whose letter is inserted in your 106th Number, labours under various mistakes relating to this small volume. The first edition was not printed in 1684, but more than sixty years earlier. Moreover, that edition, or at least what the Rev. C. H. Craufurd appended to his Sermons in 1840 as a reprint, is not a genuine or faithful republication of the original work. I have for several years possessed a copy of _the third impression_, Printed at "London, by _Iohn Hauiland_, for _Hanna Barres_, 1625;" and of this third impression a _fac-simile_ reprint has passed through the press of Messrs. Blackwood in Edinburgh, which new edition corresponds _literatim et verbatim_ (line for line and page for page) with the earliest impression known to exist, which differs materially in several passages from the reprint published by Mr. Craufurd. This new edition is accompanied by a long preface or dissertation containing many particulars relating to the authoress and her relatives, and to a number of ladies of high station and polished education, who during the period intervening between the Reformation in England and the Revolution in 1688, distinguished themselves by publishing works characterized by exalted piety and refined taste. With regard to Mrs. Joceline, no printed work appears to have preserved correct information. Genealogists seem to have conspired to change her Christian name from Elizabeth to Mary or Jane. The husband is supposed to have sprung from an old Cambridgeshire family, the Joscelyns of Hogington, now called Oakington, the name of a parish adjoining to Cottenham. The writer of the preface seems rather disposed to trace his parentage to John Joscelyn (Archbishop Parker's chaplain), who, according to Strype, was _an Essex man_. But I have probably exceeded the bounds allotted to an answer to a Query. J. L. Edinburgh. _The Mother's Legacy to her unborne Child_ is reprinted for the benefit of the Troubridge National Schools, and can be procured at Hatchard's, Piccadilly. J. S. Replies to Minor Queries. _Coleridge's "Christabel"_ (Vol. iv., p. 316.).--I am not familiar with the Coleridge Papers, under that title, nor indeed am I quite sure that I know at all to what papers MR. MORTIMER COLLINS refers in his question. On this account I am not qualified, as he will perhaps think, to give an opinion upon the genuineness of the lines quoted as a continuation of "Christabel." If I may be allowed, however, to hazard a judgment, as one to whom most of the great poet-philosopher's works have long and affectionately been known, I would venture to express an opinion against the right of these lines to admission as one of his productions. I do it with diffidence; but with the hope that I may aid in eliciting the truth concerning them. I presume "brookless plash" is a misprint for "brooklet's plash." The expressions "the sorrow of human years," "wild despair," "the years of life below," of a person who is not yet dead and in heaven, do not seem to me, _as they stand in the lines_, to be in Coleridge's manner; but especially I do not think the couplet-- "Who felt all grief, all wild despair, That the race of man may ever bear," is one which Coleridge would have penned, reading as I do in the _Aids to Reflection_, vol. i. p. 255. (edit. Pickering, 1843) his protest against the doctrine "holden by more than one of these divines, that the agonies suffered by Christ were equal in amount to the sum total of the torments of all mankind here and hereafter, or to the infinite debt which in an endless succession of instalments we should have been paying to the divine justice, had it not been paid in full by the Son of God incarnate!" There are one or two other expressions of which I entertain doubt, but not in sufficient degree to make it worth while to dwell upon them. Are we ever likely to receive from any member of Coleridge's family, or from his friend Mr. J. H. Green, the fragments, if not the entire work, of his _Logosophia_? We can ill afford to lose a work the conception of which engrossed much of his thoughts, if I am rightly informed, towards the close of his life. THEOPHYLACT. _Dryden--Illustrations by T. Holt White_ (Vol. iv., p. 294.).--My father's notes on Dryden are in my possession. Sir Walter Scott never saw them. The words ÆGROTUS attributes to Sir Walter were used by another commentator on Dryden some thirty years since. ALGERNON HOLT WHITE. _Lofcop, Meaning of_ (Vol. i., p. 319.).--_Lofcop_, not _loscop_, is clearly the true reading of the word about which I inquired. _Lovecope_ is the form in which it is written in the Lynn town-books, as well as in the Cinque-port charters, for a reference to which I have to thank your correspondent L. B. L. (Vol. i., p. 371.). I am now satisfied that it is an altered form of the word _lahcop_, which occurs in the laws of Ethelred, and is explained in Thorpe's _Ancient Laws and Institutes of England_, vol. i., p. 294., note. The word _loveday_, which is found in English Middle-Age writers, meaning "a day appointed for settling differences by arbitration," is an instance of a similar change. This must originally have been _lah-dæg_, though I am not aware that the word is met with in any Anglo-Saxon documents. But in Old-Norse is found _Lögdagr_, altered in modern Danish into _Lavdag_ or _Lovdag._ C. W. G. _Middleton's Epigrams and Satyres, 1608_ (Vol. iv., p. 272.).--These Epigrams, about which QUÆSO inquires, are not the production of Thomas Middleton the dramatist, but of "_Richard_ Middleton of Yorke, gentleman." The only copy known to exist is among the curious collection of books presented by the poet Drummond to the University of Edinburgh. A careful reprint, limited to forty copies, was published at Edinburgh in 1840. It is said to have been done under the superintendance of James Maidment, Esq. EDWARD F. RIMBAULT. _Lord Edward Fitzgerald_ (Vol. iv., p. 173.).--Your correspondent R. H. was misinformed as to the house of Lord Edward Fitzgerald at Harold's Cross, from the fact of his friend confounding that nobleman with another of the United Irishmen leaders; namely, Robert Emmett, who was arrested in the house alluded to. Lord Edward never lived at Harold's Cross, either in avowed residence or concealment. R. H.'s note above referred to, provoked the communication of L. M. M. at Vol. iv., p. 230., who seems to cast a slur upon the Leinster family for neglecting the decent burial of their chivalric relative. This is not merited. The family was kept in complete ignorance as to how the body was disposed of, it being the wish of the government of the day to conceal the place of its sepulture; as is evident from their not interring it at St. Michan's, where they interred Oliver Bond and all the others whom they put to death at Newgate; and from the notoriety of their having five years later adopted a similar course with regard to the remains of Robert Emmett. (See Madden's _Life of Emmett_.) But is he buried at St. Werburgh's? Several, and among others his daughter, Lady Campbell, as appears from L. M. M.'s note, think that he is. I doubt it. Some years since I conversed with an old man named Hammet, the superannuated gravedigger of St. Catherine's, Dublin, and he told me that he officiated at Lord Edward's obsequies in St. Catherine's church, and that they were performed at night in silence, secrecy, and mystery. E. J. W. _Earwig_ (Vol. iv., p. 274.).--I do not know what the derivations of this word may be, which are referred to by ΑΞΩΝ as being in vogue. It is a curious fact that Johnson, Richardson, and Webster do not notice the word at all; although I am not aware that it is of limited or provincial use. In Bailey's _Scottish Dictionary_, and in Skinner's _Etymologicon_, it is traced to the Anglo-Saxon _ear-wicga_, i.e. ear-beetle. In Bosworth's _Dictionary_ we find _wicga_, a kind of insect, a shorn-bug, a beetle. C. W. G. _Sanderson and Taylor_ (Vol. iv., p. 293.).--In No. 103 of "NOTES AND QUERIES," under the head of "_Sanderson and Taylor_," a question is put by W. W. as to the common source of the sentence, "Conscience is the brightness and splendour of the eternal light, a spotless mirror of the Divine majesty, and the image of the goodness of God." Without at all saying that it is the common source, I would beg to refer W. W. to "The Wisdom of Solomon," c. vii. v. 26., where "wisdom" is described as "the brightness of the everlasting light, the unspotted mirror of the power of God, and the image of His goodness." The coincidence is curious, though the Latin expressions are dissimilar, the verse in "The Wisdom of Solomon" being as follows: "Nam splendor est à luce æterna et speculum efficacitatis Dei expers maculæ, ac imago bonitatis ejus." R. M. M. (A Subscriber). Taunton. _Island of Ægina and the Temple of Jupiter Panhellinius_ (Vol. iv., p. 255.).--In Lemprière's _Classical Dict._, by the Rev. J. A. Giles, 1843, is the subjoined:-- "The most remarkable remnant of antiquity at the present day is the temple of 'Jupiter Panhellinius' on a _mount of the same name_ about four hours' distance from the port, supposed to be one of the most ancient temples in Greece, and the oldest specimen of Doric architecture; Dodwell pronounces it to be the most picturesque ruin in Greece." And in Arrowsmith's _Compendium of Ancient and Modern Geography_, 1839, p. 414.: "In the southern part of the island is _Panhellinius Mons_, so called _from a temple_ of Jupiter Panhellinius, erected on its summit by Æacus." C. W. MARKHAM. _The Broad Arrow_ (Vol. iv., p. 315.).--I forget where it is, but remember something about a place held by the tenure of presenting the king with "---- a Broad-Arrow, When he comes to hunt upon Yarrow." I would however suggest, that the use of an arrow-head as a government mark may have a Celtic origin; and that the so-called arrow may be the ↑ or _â_, the broad _a_ of the Druids. This letter was typical of superiority either in rank and authority, intellect or holiness; and I believe stood also for king or prince. A. C. M. Exeter, Nov. 4. 1851. _Consecration of Bishops in Sweden_ (Vol. iv., p. 345.).--E. H. A. asks whether any record exists of the consecration of Bethvid, Bishop of _Strengnäs_ in the time of Gustavus I., King of Sweden? I cannot reply from this place with the certainty I might be able to do, if I had access to my books and papers. But I may venture to state, that the "consecration" (if by that term be meant the canonical and apostolical ordination) of Bethvidus Sermonis, in common with that of all the Lutheran Bishops of Sweden, is involved in much doubt and obscurity; the fact being, that they all derive their orders from _Petrus Magni_, Bishop of Westeras, who _is said_ to have been "consecrated" bishop of that see at Rome by a cardinal in A.D. 1524, the then Pontiff having acceded to the request of Gustavus Vasa to this effect. It is, however, uncertain whether Petrus Magni ever received proper episcopal consecration, although it appears probable he did. I endeavoured at one time to ascertain the fact by reference to Rome; but though promised by my correspondent (a British Romanist resident there) that he would procure the examination of the Roll of Bishops in communion with the Holy See, and consecrated by Papal license, for the purpose of discovering whether Bishop Petrus Magni's name occurred therein or not, I never heard more of the subject. I could not help judging, that this silence on the part of my correspondent (to whom I was personally unknown), after his having replied immediately and most civilly to my first communication, was very eloquent and significant. But still the doubt remains uncleared, as to whether the Swedish episcopacy possess or not, _as they maintain they do_, the blessing of an apostolical and canonical succession. G. J. R. G. Pen-y-lau, Ruabon. _Meaning of Spon_ (Vol. iv., p. 39.).--Is the word _spooney_ derived from the Anglo-Saxon _spanan_, _spón_, _asponen_, to allure, entice, and therefore equivalent to one allured, trapped, &c., a gowk or simpleton? If C. H. B. could discover whether those specified places were ever at any time tenanted by objectionable characters, this verb and its derivatives might assist his inquiries. He will, however, see that _Spondon_ (pronounced _spoondon_) in Derbyshire is another instance of the word he inquires after. THOS. LAWRENCE. Ashby-de-la-Zouch. _Quaker Expurgated Bible_ (Vol. iv., p. 87.).--I can inform the correspondent who inquires whether such a publication of a Bible, which a committee of Friends were intending to publish, ever took place, that no committee was ever appointed by the Society of Friends, who adopt the English authorised version only, as may be seen by their yearly epistle and other authorised publications. I have inquired of many Friends who were likely to know, and not one ever heard of what the authoress of _Quakerism_ states. A MEMBER OF THE SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. _Cozens the Painter_ (Vol. iv., p. 368.).--In Rose's _Biographical Dictionary_ it is stated that Alexander Cozens was a landscape painter, born in Russia, but attaining his celebrity in London, where he taught drawing. In 1778 he published a theoretical work called _The Principle of Beauty relative to the Human Face_, with illustrations, engraved by Bartolozzi. He died in 1786. J. O'G. _Authors of the Homilies_ (Vol. iv., p. 346.).--Allow me to say that in the reply to the inquiry of G. R. C. one work is omitted which will afford at once all that is wanted: for the Preface to Professor Corrie's recent edition of the _Homilies_, printed at the Pitt Press, contains the most circumstantial account of their authors. W. K. C. College, Ely. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, SALES, CATALOGUES, ETC. We had occasion, some short time since, to speak in terms of deserved commendation of the excellent _Handbook to the Antiquities of the British Museum_ which had been prepared by Mr. Vaux. Another and most important department of our great national collection has just found in Dr. Mantell an able scientific, yet popular expositor of its treasures. His _Petrifactions and their Teachings, or a Handbook to the Gallery of Organic Remains in the British Museum_, forms the new volume of Bohn's _Scientific Library_; and, thanks to the acquirements of Dr. Mantell, his good sense in divesting his descriptions, as much as possible, of technical language, and the numerous well-executed woodcuts by which it is illustrated, the work is admirably calculated to accomplish the purpose for which it has been prepared; namely, to serve as a handbook to the general visitor to the Gallery of Organic Remains, and as an explanatory Catalogue for the more scientific observer. To satisfy the deep interest taken by many persons, who are unable to study the phenomena themselves, in the numerous new and remarkable facts relating to the formation and temperature of the globe, and to the movements of the ocean and of the atmosphere, as well as to the influence of both on climate, and on the adaptation of the earth for the dwelling of man, which the exertions of scientific men have of late years revealed, was the motive which led Professor Buff to write his _Familiar Letters on the Physics of the Earth; treating of the chief Movements of the Land, the Waters, and the Air, and the Forces that give rise to them_: and Dr. Hoffman has been induced to undertake an English edition of them from a desire of rendering accessible to the public a source of information from which he has derived no less of profit than of pleasure: which profit and which pleasure will, we have no doubt, be shared by a large number of readers of this unpretending but very instructive little volume. _Welsh Sketches, chiefly Ecclesiastical, to the close of the Twelfth Century._ These sketches, which treat of Bardism, the Kings of Wales, the Welsh Church, Monastic Institutions, and Giraldus Cambrensis, are from the pen of the amiable author of the _Essays on Church Union_, and are written in the same attractive and popular style. About five-and-thirty years ago the Treatment of the Insane formed the subject of a Parliamentary inquiry, and the public mind was shocked by the appalling scenes revealed before a Committee of the House of Commons. But the publication of them did its work; for that such scenes are now but matters of history, we owe to that inquiry. The condition of the London Poor, in like manner, is now in the course of investigation; not indeed by an official commission, but by a private individual, Mr. Henry Mayhew, who is gathering by personal visits to the lowest haunts of poverty and its attendant vices, and from personal communication with the people he is describing, an amount of fact illustrative of the social conditions of the poorest classes in this metropolis, which deserves, and must receive, the earnest attention of the statesman, the moralist, and the philanthropist. His work is entitled _London Labour and the London Poor, a Cyclopædia of the Condition and Earnings of those that_ WILL _work, those that_ CANNOT _work, and those that_ WILL NOT _work_. Vol. I. _The London Street Folk_, is just completed. It is of most painful interest, for it paints in vivid colours the misery, ignorance, and demoralisation in which thousands are living at our very doors; and its perusal must awaken in every right-minded man an earnest desire to do his part towards assisting the endeavours of the honest poor to earn their bread--towards instructing the ignorant, and towards reforming the vicious. CATALOGUES RECEIVED.--Williams and Norgate's (14. Henrietta Street) German Book Circular No. 28.; J. Lilly's (19. King Street) very Cheap Clearance Catalogue No. 2.; J. Miller's (43. Chandos Street) Catalogue No. 31. of Books Old and New; W. Brown's (130. Old Street) Register of Literature, Ancient, Modern, English, Foreign, No. 1.; T. Kerslake's (3. Park Street, Bristol) Catalogue of Geological and Scientific Library of the late Rev. T. Williams. BOOKS AND ODD VOLUMES WANTED TO PURCHASE. HUNTER'S DEANERY OF DONCASTER. Vol. I. Large or small paper. CLARE'S RURAL MUSE. CHRISTIAN PIETY FREED FROM THE DELUSIONS OF MODERN ENTHUSIASTS. A.D. 1756 or 1757. AN ANSWER TO FATHER HUDDLESTONE'S SHORT AND PLAIN WAY TO THE FAITH AND CHURCH. By Samuel Grascombe. London, 1703. 8vo. REASONS FOR ABROGATING THE TEST IMPOSED UPON ALL MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT. By Samuel Parker, Lord Bishop of Oxon. 1688. 4to. LEWIS'S LIFE OF CAXTON. 8vo. 1737. CATALOGUE OF JOSEPH AMES'S LIBRARY. 8vo. 1760. TRAPP'S COMMENTARY. Folio. Vol. I. WHITLAY'S PARAPHRASE ON THE NEW TESTAMENT. Folio. Vol. I. 1706. LONG'S ASTRONOMY. 4to. 1742. MAD. D'ARBLAY'S DIARY. Vol. II. 1842. ADAMS' MORAL TALES. AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF DR. JOHNSON. 1805. WILLIS'S ARCHITECTURE OF THE MIDDLE AGES. (10_s._ 6_d._ will be paid for a copy in good condition.) CARPENTER'S DEPUTY DIVINITY; a Discourse of Conscience. 12mo. 1657. A TRUE AND LIVELY REPRESENTATION OF POPERY, SHEWING THAT POPERY IS ONLY NEW MODELLED PAGANISM, &c., 1679. 4to. ERSKINE'S SPEECHES. Vol. II. London, 1810. HARE'S MISSION OF THE COMFORTER. Vol. I. London, 1846. HOPE'S ESSAY ON ARCHITECTURE. Vol. I. London, 1835. 2nd Edition. MULLER'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vol. II. (Library of Useful Knowledge. Vol. XVII.) ROMILLY'S (SIR SAMUEL) MEMOIRS. Vol. II. London, 1840. SCOTT'S (SIR W.) LIFE OF NAPOLEON. Vol. I. Edinburgh, 1837. 9 Vol. Edition. ROBERT WILSON'S SKETCH OF THE HISTORY OF HAWICK. Small 8vo. Printed in 1825. JAMES WILSON'S ANNALS OF HAWICK. Small 8vo. Printed in 1850. BARRINGTON'S SKETCHES OF HIS OWN TIME. Vol. III. London, 1830. BRITISH POETS (Chalmers', Vol. X.) London, 1810. CHESTERFIELD'S LETTERS TO HIS SON. Vol. III. London, 1774. CONSTABLE'S MISCELLANY. Vol. LXXV. SCOTT'S NOVELS. Vol. XXXVI (Redgauntlet, II.); Vols. XLIV. XLV. (Ann of Grerstein, I. & II.) 48 Vol. Edition. SMOLLETT'S WORKS. Vols. II. & IV. Edinburgh, 1800. 2nd Edition. SOUTHEY'S POETICAL WORKS. Vol. III. London, 1837. CRABBE'S WORKS. Vol. V. London, 1831. Four letters on several subjects to persons of quality, the fourth being an answer to the Bishop of Lincoln's book, entitled POPERY, &c., by Peter Walsh. 1686. 8vo. A CONFUTATION OF THE CHIEF DOCTRINES OF POPERY. A Sermon preached before the King, 1678, by William Lloyd, D.D. 1679. 4to. A SERMON PREACHED AT ST. MARGARET'S, WESTMINSTER, BEFORE THE HOUSE OF COMMONS, MAY 29, 1685, by W. Sherlock, D.D. 4to. London, 1685. POPE'S LITERARY CORRESPONDENCE. Vol. III. Curll. 1735. ALMANACS, any for the year 1752. MATTHIAS' OBSERVATIONS ON GRAY. 8vo. 1815. SHAKSPEARE, JOHNSON, AND STEVENS, WITH REED'S ADDITIONS. 3rd Edition, 1785. Vol. V. SWIFT'S WORKS, Faulkner's Edition. 8 Vols. 12mo. Dublin, 1747. Vol. III. SOUTHEY'S PENINSULAR WAR. Vols V. VI. 8vo. [Star symbol] Letters, stating particulars and lowest price, _carriage free_, to be sent to MR. BELL, Publisher of "NOTES AND QUERIES," 186. Fleet Street. Notices to Correspondents. KENNETH R. H. MACKENZIE. _We are very much obliged to our correspondent for his kind suggestion, but his proposal a little shocks our modesty. The subject, he will remember, has been taken up by several of our most influential contemporaries. It would scarcely become us to suggest that they should now abandon it to us. We are anxious to help it forward, but it would be better that we should do so in conjunction with all others who are willing to labor in the same cause._ N. H. (Liverpool) _will find in_ Vol. IV., p. 301. _two replies to his Query_; _so we hope we shall still number him among our well-wishers._ A. J. H., _who inquires respecting_ "The Bar of Michael Angelo," _is referred to our_ 2nd Vol., p. 166. MR. HOLDEN _of Exeter's_ Catalogue _has not been received by us._ ABERDONIENSIS _is thanked for his suggestion. Its adoption, however, does not seem to us advisable for several reasons: one, and that not the least influential, being, that the course proposed would be an interference with our valued contemporary_ The Gentleman's Magazine, _and with that particular department of which it is so valuable--the_ "Obituary." R. H. (Dublin) _shall receive our best attention. We will re-examine the communications he refers to, and insert such of them as we possibly can._ J. B. C. _Has our correspondent a copy of the article on_ "Death by Boiling?" DR. HENRY'S "Notes on Virgil," _and articles on the_ "Treatise of Equivocation," "Damasked Linen," "Thomas More and John Fisher," "Convocation of York," &c., _are unavoidably postponed until our next Number._ REPLIES RECEIVED.--_We are this week under the necessity of postponing our usual list._ _Copies of our_ Prospectus, _according to the suggestion of_ T. E. H., _will be forwarded to any correspondent willing to assist us by circulating them._ VOLS. I., II., _and_ III., _with very copious Indices, may still be had, price 9s. 6d. each, neatly bound in cloth._ NOTES AND QUERIES _is published at noon on Friday, so that our country Subscribers may receive it on Saturday. The subscription for the Stamped Edition is_ 10_s_. 2_d. for Six Months, which may be paid by Post-office Order drawn in favor of our Publisher_, MR. GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street; _to whose care all communications for the editor should be addressed._ THE BEST IS THE CHEAPEST. The Best Congon Tea 3_s._ 8_d._ per lb. The Best Souchong Tea 4_s._ 4_d._ " The Best Gunpowder Tea 5_s._ 8_d._ " The Best Old Mocha Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " The Best West India Coffee 1_s._ 4_d._ " The Fine True Ripe Rich Rare Souchong Tea 4_s._ 0_d._ " 40_s._ worth or upwards sent CARRIAGE FREE to any part of England by PHILLIPS & CO., TEA MERCHANTS, No. 8. King William Street, City, London. Vols. I. and II. now ready. Elegantly bound in ultramarine cloth, gilt edges, price 6_s_. each. GIRLHOOD OF SHAKSPEARE'S HEROINES. A Series of Fifteen Tales. By MARY COWDEN CLARKE. Periodically, in One Shilling Books, each containing a complete story. Vol. I. Price 6_s._ Tale I. PORTIA; THE HEIRESS OF BELMONT. Tale II. THE THANE'S DAUGHTER. Tale III. HELENA; THE PHYSICIAN'S ORPHAN. Tale IV. DESDEMONA; THE MAGNIFICO'S CHILD. Tale V. MEG AND ALICE; THE MERRY MAIDS OF WINDSOR. Vol. II. Price 6_s._ Tale VI. ISABELLA; THE VOTARESS. Tale VII. KATHARINA AND BIANCA; THE SHREW, AND THE DEMURE. Tale VIII. OPHELIA; THE ROSE OF ELSINORE. Tale IX. ROSALIND AND CELIA; THE FRIENDS. Tale X. JULIET; THE WHITE DOVE OF VERONA. Vol. III. (In Progress.) Tale XI. BEATRICE AND HERO; THE COUSINS. Tale XII. OLIVIA; THE LADY OF ILLYRIA. SMITH & CO., 136. Strand; and SIMPKIN & CO., Stationers' Hall Court. Just published, fcap. 8vo. price 2_s._ 6_d._ TRANSATLANTIC RAMBLES; or, a Record of TWELVE MONTHS' TRAVEL in the UNITED STATES, CUBA, and the BRAZILS. By A. RUGBÆAN. "There is about the sketches an air of truth and reality which recommends them as trustworthy counterparts of the things described."--_Athenæum_, Aug. 23. 1851. London: GEORGE BELL, 186. Fleet Street. ALMANACKS FOR 1852. WHITAKER'S CLERGYMAN'S DIARY, for 1852, will contain a Diary, with a Table of Lessons, Collects, &c., and full directions for Public Worship for every day of the year, with blank spaces for Memoranda; A List of all the Bishops and other Dignitaries of the Church, arranged under the order of their respective Dioceses; Bishops of the Scottish and American Churches; and particulars respecting the Roman Catholic and Greek Churches; together with Statistics of the various Religious Sects in England; Particulars of the Societies connected with the Church; of the Universities, &c. Members of both Houses of Convocation, of both Houses of Parliament, the Government, Courts of Law, &c. With Instructions to Candidates for Holy Orders; and a variety of information useful to all Clergymen, price in cloth 3_s_., or 5_s_. as a pocket-book with tuck. THE FAMILY ALMANACK AND EDUCATIONAL REGISTER for 1852 will contain, in addition to the more than usual contents of an Almanack for Family Use, a List of the Universities of the United Kingdom, with the Heads of Houses, Professors, &c. A List of the various Colleges connected to the Church of England, Roman Catholics, and various Dissenting bodies. Together with a complete List of all the Foundation and Grammar schools, with an Account of the Scholarships and Exhibitions attached to them; to which is added an Appendix, containing an Account of the Committee of Council on Education, and of the various Training Institutions for Teachers; compiled from original sources. WHITAKER'S PENNY ALMANACK FOR CHURCHMEN. Containing thirty-six pages of Useful Information, including a Table of the Lessons; Lists of both Houses of Parliament, &c. &c., stitched in a neat wrapper. JOHN HENRY PARKER, Oxford and London. MESSRS. PUTTICK AND SIMPSON beg to announce that their season for SALES of LITERARY PROPERTY COMMENCED on NOVEMBER 1st. In addressing Executors and others entrusted with the disposal of Libraries, and collections (however limited or extensive) of Manuscripts, Autographs, Prints, Pictures, Music, Musical instruments, Objects of Art and Virtu, and Works connected with Literature, and the Arts generally, they would suggest a Sale by Auction as the readiest and surest method of obtaining their full value; and conceive that the central situation of their premises, 191. Piccadilly (near St. James's Church), their extensive connexion of more than half a century's standing, and their prompt settlement of the sale accounts in cash, are advantages that will not be unappreciated. Messrs P. & S. will also receive small Parcels of Books or other Literary Property, and insert them in occasional Sales with property of a kindred description, thus giving the same advantages to the possessor of a few Lots as to the owner of a large Collection. [Star symbol] Libraries Catalogued, Arranged, and Valued for the Probate or Legacy Duty, or for Public or Private Sale. _Albermarle Street, November, 1851._ MR. MURRAY'S LIST FOR DECEMBER. I.--THE GRENVILLE PAPERS; being the Correspondence of Richard, Earl Temple, and George Grenville, their Friends and Contemporaries, including MR. GRENVILLE'S POLITICAL DIARY, 1763-65. Edited by WM. JAS. SMITH. Vols. I. and II. 8vo. II.--HISTORY OF ENGLAND UNDER THE HOUSES OF YORK AND LANCASTER. With a Sketch of the Early Reformation. 8vo. III.--LORD MAHON'S HISTORY OF ENGLAND, FROM THE PEACE OF UTRECHT. Vols. V. and VI. The First Years of the American War: 1763-80. 8vo. IV.--HON. CAPT. DEVEREUX'S LIVES OF THE EARLS OF ESSEX: 1540-1646. Founded upon Letters and Documents chiefly unpublished. 2 vols. 8vo. V.--LADY THERESA LEWIS' LIVES OF THE FRIENDS AND CONTEMPORARIES OF LORD CHANCELLOR CLARENDON. Illustrative of Portraits in his Gallery. Portraits. 3 vols. 8vo. VI.--GROTE'S HISTORY OF GREECE. Vols. IX. and X. From the Restoration of the Democracy at Athens (B.C. 403), to the Conclusion of the Sacred War (B.C. 346.) Maps. 8vo. VII.--MRS. BRAY'S LIFE AND REMINISCENCES OF THOMAS STOTHARD, R.A. Illustrations. Fcap. 4to. VIII.--WORSAAE'S ACCOUNT OF THE DANES AND NORTHMEN IN ENGLAND, SCOTLAND AND IRELAND. Woodcuts. 8vo. IX.--MR. MANSFIELD PARKYNS' NARRATIVE OF A RESIDENCE IN ABYSSINIA. Illustrations. 8vo. X.--A FAGGOT OF FRENCH STICKS. By the Author of "Bubbles from the Brunnen of Nassau." 2 Vols. Post 8vo. XI.--SIR WOODBINE PARISH'S BUENOS AYRES AND THE PROVINCES OF THE RIO DE LA PLATA: their discovery, present state, &c. with the Geology of the Pampas. Maps and Plates. 8vo. XII.--GURWOOD'S SELECTIONS FROM THE WELLINGTON DESPATCHES. New and Cheaper Edition. 8vo. XIII.--SIR CHARLES BELL ON THE HAND; ITS MECHANISM AND ENDOWMENTS, as Evincing Design. New Edition. Woodcuts. Post 8vo. XIV.--DR. SMITH'S ILLUSTRATED CLASSICAL MANUAL for Young Persons. Woodcuts. Post 8vo. XV.--CAPT. CUNNINGHAM'S HISTORY OF THE SIKHS. Second Edition, with a Memoir. Maps. 8vo. XVI.--REV. JOHN PENROSES'S HOME SERMONS for Sunday Reading. 8vo. XVII.--MURRAY'S OFFICIAL HANDBOOK OF CHURCH AND STATE. Being a Manual of Historical and Political Reference. Fcap. 8vo. WESTERN LIFE ASSURANCE AND ANNUITY SOCIETY, 3. PARLIAMENT STREET, LONDON. Founded A.D. 1812. _Directors._ H. Edgeworth Bicknell, Esq. William Cabell, Esq. T. Somers Cocks, Jun. Esq. M.P. G. Henry Drew, Esq. William Evans, Esq. William Freeman, Esq. F. Fuller, Esq. J. Henry Goodhart, Esq. T. Grissell, Esq. James Hunt, Esq. J. Arscott Lethbridge, Esq. E. Lucas, Esq. James Lys Seager, Esq. J. Basley White, Esq. Joseph Carter Wood, Esq. _Trustees._ W. Whateley, Esq., Q.C. L. C. Humfrey, Esq., Q.C. George Drew, Esq. _Consulting Counsel._--Sir William P. Wood, M.P., Solicitor-General. _Physician._--William Rich. Basham, M.D. _Bankers._--Messrs. Cocks, Biddulph, and Co., Charing Cross. VALUABLE PRIVILEGE. POLICIES effected in this Office do not become void through temporary difficulty in paying a Premium, as permission is given upon application to suspend the payment at interest, according to the conditions detailed in the Prospectus. Specimens of Rates of Premium for Assuring 100_l._, with a Share in three-fourths of the Profits:-- Age. £ _s._ _d._ 17 1 14 4 22 1 18 8 27 2 4 5 32 2 10 8 37 2 18 6 42 3 8 2 ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., F.R.A.S., Actuary. Now ready, price 10_s._ 6_d._, Second Edition, with material additions, INDUSTRIAL INVESTMENT and EMIGRATION; being a TREATISE on BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETIES, and on the General Principles of Land Investment, exemplified in the Cases of Freehold Land Societies, Building Companies, &c. With a Mathematical Appendix on Compound Interest and Life Assurance. By ARTHUR SCRATCHLEY, M.A., Actuary to the Western Life Assurance Society, 3. Parliament Street, London. PROVIDENT LIFE OFFICE, 50. REGENT STREET. CITY BRANCH: 2. ROYAL EXCHANGE BUILDINGS. Established 1806. Policy Holders' Capital, 1,192,818_l._ Annual Income, 150,000_l._--Bonuses Declared, 743,000_l._ Claims paid since the Establishment of the Office, 2,001,450_l._ _President._ The Right Honourable EARL GREY. _Directors._ The Rev. James Sherman, _Chairman_. Henry Blencowe Churchill, Esq., _Deputy-Chairman_. Henry B. Alexander, Esq. George Dacre, Esq. William Judd, Esq. Sir Richard D. King, Bart. The Hon. Arthur Kinnaird Thomas Maugham, Esq. William Ostler, Esq. Apsley Pellatt, Esq. George Round, Esq. Frederick Squire, Esq. William Henry Stone, Esq. Capt. William John Williams. J. A. Beaumont, Esq., _Managing Director_. _Physician_--John Maclean, M.D. F.S.S., 29. Upper Montague Street, Montague Square. NINETEEN-TWENTIETHS OF THE PROFITS ARE DIVIDED AMONG THE INSURED. Examples of the Extinction of Premiums by the Surrender of Bonuses. Date of Policy. 1806 Sum Insured. £2500 Original Premium. £79 10 10 Extinguished Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually. £1222 2 0 Date of Policy. 1811 Sum Insured. £1000 Original Premium. £ 33 19 2 Ditto [Extinguished] Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually. £231 17 8 Date of Policy. 1818 Sum Insured. £1000 Original Premium. £ 34 16 10 Ditto [Extinguished] Bonuses added subsequently, to be further interested annually. £114 18 10 Examples of Bonuses added to other Policies. Policy No. 521 Date. 1807 Sum Insured. £900 Bonus added. £982 12 1 Total with Additions to be further increased. £1882 12 1 Policy No. 1174 Date. 1810 Sum Insured. £1200 Bonus added. £1160 5 6 Total with Additions to be further increased. £2360 5 6 Policy No. 3392 Date. 1820 Sum Insured. £5000 Bonus added. £3558 17 8 Total with Additions to be further increased. £8558 17 8 Prospectuses and full particulars may be obtained upon application to the Agents of the Office, in all the principal Towns of the United Kingdom, at the City Branch, and at the Head Office, No. 50. Regent Street. BY AUTHORITY OF THE ROYAL COMMISSIONERS. Complete in Three handsome Volumes, price Three Guineas. OFFICIAL DESCRIPTIVE AND ILLUSTRATED CATALOGUE OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION OF THE WORKS OF INDUSTRY OF ALL NATIONS, 1851. "A complete literary type of the original to which it refers, opening up sources of amusement or instruction to every class of taste, and proving equally at home on the drawing-room table, handled by fashionable dilettanti in a study, pored over by the scholar or the man of science, at the merchant's desk as a book of constant reference--in the factory, the foundry, and the workshop, as a _repertoire_ for designs, and as highly suggestive for future progress. A more pleasant work to dive into during an idle hour can hardly be imagined, for wherever it is taken up there is something new and striking, and worthy of attention."--_Times._ "The work is without a precedent in the annals of literature; and when we regard the circumstances of difficulty that surrounded the task of its execution, the praise bestowed on those who undertook it can scarcely be too great. The Contractors, in that enlarged spirit which appears to have entered into all that belongs to the Exhibition, engaged men of reputation and authority in every department of science and manufacture to contribute such descriptive notes as should render the work currently instructive. It thus contains a body of annotations, which express the condition of human knowledge and the state of the world's industry in 1851: and is a document of the utmost importance, as a summary report of this vast international 'stock-taking,' which no great library--nor any gentleman's library, of those who aim at the collection of literary standards--can hereafter be without. It is not the work of a day, a month, or a year: it is for all time. Centuries hence it will be referred to as an authority on the condition to which man has arrived at the period of its publication. It is at once a great Trades Directory, informing us where we are to seek for any particular kind of manufacture--a Natural History, recording the localities of almost every variety of native production--and a Cyclopædia, describing how far science has ministered to the necessities of humanity, by what efforts the crude products of the earth have been converted into articles of utility or made the medium of that refined expression which belongs to the province of creative art. The Exhibition has lived its allotted time, and died; but this Catalogue is the sum of the thoughts and truths to which it has given birth,--and which form the intellectual ground whereon the generations that we are not to see must build.... It will be evident from what has been already stated that a more important contribution to a commercial country than the 'Official Descriptive and Illustrated Catalogue of the Great Exhibition' could scarcely have been offered.... All possible means have been taken to render it worthy of the wonderful gathering of which it is the permanent record."--_Athenæum._ This work is also published in Five Parts: Parts I. and II., price 10_s._ each; and Parts III., IV., and V., price 15_s._ each. SPICER BROTHERS, Wholesale Stationers. WILLIAM CLOWES & SONS, Printers. OFFICIAL CATALOGUE OFFICE, 29. New Bridge Street, Blackfriars; and of all Booksellers. POPULAR RECORD OF THE GREAT EXHIBITION.--HUNT'S HANDBOOK, being an Explanatory Guide to the Natural Productions and Manufacture of the Great Exhibition of the Industry of all Nations, 1851. In 2 volumes, price 6_s._ By ROBERT HUNT, Professor of Mechanical Science, Government School of Mines. "Every care has been taken to render this compilation a record worthy of preservation, as giving within a limited space a faithful description of certainly one of the most remarkable events which has ever taken place upon this island, or in the world--the gathering together from the ends of the earth, of the products of human industry, the efforts of human thought."--_Extract from Preface._ "One of the most popular mementoes and histories of the actual gathering of the nations."--_Athenæum._ "It should be read and retained by all as a compact and portable record of what they have seen exhibited."--_Literary Gazette._ SPICER BROTHERS, Wholesale Stationers. WM. CLOWES AND SONS, Printers. OFFICIAL CATALOGUE OFFICE, 29. New Bridge Street, Blackfriars; and of all Booksellers. THE OFFICIAL SMALL CATALOGUE, "Finally Corrected and Improved Edition," with a full Alphabetical and Classified Index of Contributors and of Articles exhibited, Lists of Commissioners and others engaged in the Exhibition. Local Committees and Secretaries, Jurors, and Description of the Building, &c., bound in one volume, with the British and Foreign Priced Lists, price 7_s._ 6_d._ SPICER BROTHERS, Wholesale Stationers. WM. CLOWES AND SONS, Printers. OFFICIAL CATALOGUE OFFICE, 29. New Bridge Street, Blackfriars; and of all Booksellers. BEATSON'S POLITICAL INDEX MODERNISED. Just published in 8vo. price 25_s._ half-bound. THE BOOK OF DIGNITIES: Containing Rolls of the Official Personages of the British Empire, Civil, Ecclesiastical, Judicial, Military, Naval, and Municipal, from the Earliest Periods to the Present Time; compiled chiefly from the Records of the Public Offices. Together with the Sovereigns of Europe, from the Foundation of their respective States; the Peerage of England and of Great Britain; and numerous other Lists. By JOSEPH HAYDN. Author of "The Dictionary of Dates," and compiler of various other Works. London: LONGMAN, BROWN, GREEN, & LONGMANS. Recently published, price 4_l._ 4_s._ THE WORKS OF JOHN MILTON, IN VERSE AND PROSE. Printed from the original editions. With a Life of the Author, by the Rev. JOHN MITFORD. In Eight Volumes 8vo., uniform with the Library Editions of Herbert and Taylor. WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. Recently published, 8vo., with Portrait, 14_s._ THE LIFE OF THOMAS KEN, Bishop of Bath and Wells. By A. LAYMAN. "The Library Edition of the Life of Bishop Ken."--_The Times._ ... "We have now to welcome a new and ample biography, by 'a layman.'"--_Quarterly Review_, September. WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. In one vol., imp. 8vo., 2_l._ 2_s._; large paper, imp. 4to., 4_l._ 4_s._ THE DECORATIVE ARTS OF THE MIDDLE AGES, ECCLESIASTICAL AND CIVIL. By HENRY SHAW, F.S.A., Author of "Dress and Decorations of the Middle ages." Illuminated Ornaments, &c. &c. WILLIAM PICKERING, 177. Piccadilly. CHEAP FOREIGN BOOKS. Just published, post free, one stamp, WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S SECOND-HAND CATALOGUE, No. 4. Literature, History, Travels, German Language, Illustrated Books, Art, Architecture, and Ornament. 600 Works at very much reduced prices. WILLIAMS & NORGATE'S GERMAN BOOK CIRCULARS. New Books and Books reduced in price. No. 28. Theology, Classics, Oriental and European Languages, General Literature. No. 29. Sciences, Natural History, Medicine, Mathematics, &c. [Star symbol] Gratis on application. WILLIAMS & NORGATE, 14. Henrietta Street, Covent Garden. CAB FARE MAP.--H. WALKER'S CAB FARE and GUIDE MAP of LONDON contains all the principal streets marked in half-miles, each space adding 4_d._ to the fare, the proper charge is instantly known; also an abstract of the Cab Laws luggage, situation of the cab stands, back fares, lost articles, &c. Price 1_s_. coloured; post free 2_d._ extra.--1. Gresham Street West, and all Booksellers. Printed by THOMAS CLARK SHAW, of No. 8 New Street Square, at No. 5 New Street Square, in the Parish of St. Bride, in the City of London; and published by GEORGE BELL, of No. 186. Fleet Street, in the Parish of St. Dunstan in the West, in the City of London, Publisher, at No. 186. Fleet Street aforesaid.--Saturday, November 22. 1851. [List of volumes and pages in "Notes and Queries", Vol. I-IV] +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Notes and Queries Vol. I. | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 1 | November 3, 1849 | 1 - 17 | PG # 8603 | | Vol. I No. 2 | November 10, 1849 | 18 - 32 | PG # 11265 | | Vol. I No. 3 | November 17, 1849 | 33 - 46 | PG # 11577 | | Vol. I No. 4 | November 24, 1849 | 49 - 63 | PG # 13513 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 5 | December 1, 1849 | 65 - 80 | PG # 11636 | | Vol. I No. 6 | December 8, 1849 | 81 - 95 | PG # 13550 | | Vol. I No. 7 | December 15, 1849 | 97 - 112 | PG # 11651 | | Vol. I No. 8 | December 22, 1849 | 113 - 128 | PG # 11652 | | Vol. I No. 9 | December 29, 1849 | 130 - 144 | PG # 13521 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 10 | January 5, 1850 | 145 - 160 | PG # | | Vol. I No. 11 | January 12, 1850 | 161 - 176 | PG # 11653 | | Vol. I No. 12 | January 19, 1850 | 177 - 192 | PG # 11575 | | Vol. I No. 13 | January 26, 1850 | 193 - 208 | PG # 11707 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 14 | February 2, 1850 | 209 - 224 | PG # 13558 | | Vol. I No. 15 | February 9, 1850 | 225 - 238 | PG # 11929 | | Vol. I No. 16 | February 16, 1850 | 241 - 256 | PG # 16193 | | Vol. I No. 17 | February 23, 1850 | 257 - 271 | PG # 12018 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 18 | March 2, 1850 | 273 - 288 | PG # 13544 | | Vol. I No. 19 | March 9, 1850 | 289 - 309 | PG # 13638 | | Vol. I No. 20 | March 16, 1850 | 313 - 328 | PG # 16409 | | Vol. I No. 21 | March 23, 1850 | 329 - 343 | PG # 11958 | | Vol. I No. 22 | March 30, 1850 | 345 - 359 | PG # 12198 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 23 | April 6, 1850 | 361 - 376 | PG # 12505 | | Vol. I No. 24 | April 13, 1850 | 377 - 392 | PG # 13925 | | Vol. I No. 25 | April 20, 1850 | 393 - 408 | PG # 13747 | | Vol. I No. 26 | April 27, 1850 | 409 - 423 | PG # 13822 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Vol. I No. 27 | May 4, 1850 | 425 - 447 | PG # 13712 | | Vol. I No. 28 | May 11, 1850 | 449 - 463 | PG # 13684 | | Vol. I No. 29 | May 18, 1850 | 465 - 479 | PG # 15197 | | Vol. I No. 30 | May 25, 1850 | 481 - 495 | PG # 13713 | +---------------+-------------------+-----------+-------------+ | Notes and Queries Vol. II. | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 31 | June 1, 1850 | 1- 15 | PG # 12589 | | Vol. II No. 32 | June 8, 1850 | 17- 32 | PG # 15996 | | Vol. II No. 33 | June 15, 1850 | 33- 48 | PG # 26121 | | Vol. II No. 34 | June 22, 1850 | 49- 64 | PG # 22127 | | Vol. II No. 35 | June 29, 1850 | 65- 79 | PG # 22126 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 36 | July 6, 1850 | 81- 96 | PG # 13361 | | Vol. II No. 37 | July 13, 1850 | 97-112 | PG # 13729 | | Vol. II No. 38 | July 20, 1850 | 113-128 | PG # 13362 | | Vol. II No. 39 | July 27, 1850 | 129-143 | PG # 13736 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 40 | August 3, 1850 | 145-159 | PG # 13389 | | Vol. II No. 41 | August 10, 1850 | 161-176 | PG # 13393 | | Vol. II No. 42 | August 17, 1850 | 177-191 | PG # 13411 | | Vol. II No. 43 | August 24, 1850 | 193-207 | PG # 13406 | | Vol. II No. 44 | August 31, 1850 | 209-223 | PG # 13426 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 45 | September 7, 1850 | 225-240 | PG # 13427 | | Vol. II No. 46 | September 14, 1850 | 241-256 | PG # 13462 | | Vol. II No. 47 | September 21, 1850 | 257-272 | PG # 13936 | | Vol. II No. 48 | September 28, 1850 | 273-288 | PG # 13463 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 49 | October 5, 1850 | 289-304 | PG # 13480 | | Vol. II No. 50 | October 12, 1850 | 305-320 | PG # 13551 | | Vol. II No. 51 | October 19, 1850 | 321-351 | PG # 15232 | | Vol. II No. 52 | October 26, 1850 | 353-367 | PG # 22624 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 53 | November 2, 1850 | 369-383 | PG # 13540 | | Vol. II No. 54 | November 9, 1850 | 385-399 | PG # 22138 | | Vol. II No. 55 | November 16, 1850 | 401-415 | PG # 15216 | | Vol. II No. 56 | November 23, 1850 | 417-431 | PG # 15354 | | Vol. II No. 57 | November 30, 1850 | 433-454 | PG # 15405 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. II No. 58 | December 7, 1850 | 457-470 | PG # 21503 | | Vol. II No. 59 | December 14, 1850 | 473-486 | PG # 15427 | | Vol. II No. 60 | December 21, 1850 | 489-502 | PG # 24803 | | Vol. II No. 61 | December 28, 1850 | 505-524 | PG # 16404 | +----------------+--------------------+---------+-------------+ | Notes and Queries Vol. III. | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 62 | January 4, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 15638 | | Vol. III No. 63 | January 11, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 15639 | | Vol. III No. 64 | January 18, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 15640 | | Vol. III No. 65 | January 25, 1851 | 49- 78 | PG # 15641 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 66 | February 1, 1851 | 81- 95 | PG # 22339 | | Vol. III No. 67 | February 8, 1851 | 97-111 | PG # 22625 | | Vol. III No. 68 | February 15, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 22639 | | Vol. III No. 69 | February 22, 1851 | 129-159 | PG # 23027 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 70 | March 1, 1851 | 161-174 | PG # 23204 | | Vol. III No. 71 | March 8, 1851 | 177-200 | PG # 23205 | | Vol. III No. 72 | March 15, 1851 | 201-215 | PG # 23212 | | Vol. III No. 73 | March 22, 1851 | 217-231 | PG # 23225 | | Vol. III No. 74 | March 29, 1851 | 233-255 | PG # 23282 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 75 | April 5, 1851 | 257-271 | PG # 23402 | | Vol. III No. 76 | April 12, 1851 | 273-294 | PG # 26896 | | Vol. III No. 77 | April 19, 1851 | 297-311 | PG # 26897 | | Vol. III No. 78 | April 26, 1851 | 313-342 | PG # 26898 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 79 | May 3, 1851 | 345-359 | PG # 26899 | | Vol. III No. 80 | May 10, 1851 | 361-382 | PG # 32495 | | Vol. III No. 81 | May 17, 1851 | 385-399 | PG # 29318 | | Vol. III No. 82 | May 24, 1851 | 401-415 | PG # 28311 | | Vol. III No. 83 | May 31, 1851 | 417-440 | PG # 36835 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Vol. III No. 84 | June 7, 1851 | 441-472 | PG # 37379 | | Vol. III No. 85 | June 14, 1851 | 473-488 | PG # 37403 | | Vol. III No. 86 | June 21, 1851 | 489-511 | PG # 37496 | | Vol. III No. 87 | June 28, 1851 | 513-528 | PG # 37516 | +-----------------+-------------------+---------+-------------+ | Notes and Queries Vol. IV. | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol., No. | Date, Year | Pages | PG # xxxxx | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 88 | July 5, 1851 | 1- 15 | PG # 37548 | | Vol. IV No. 89 | July 12, 1851 | 17- 31 | PG # 37568 | | Vol. IV No. 90 | July 19, 1851 | 33- 47 | PG # 37593 | | Vol. IV No. 91 | July 26, 1851 | 49- 79 | PG # 37778 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 92 | August 2, 1851 | 81- 94 | PG # 38324 | | Vol. IV No. 93 | August 9, 1851 | 97-112 | PG # 38337 | | Vol. IV No. 94 | August 16, 1851 | 113-127 | PG # 38350 | | Vol. IV No. 95 | August 23, 1851 | 129-144 | PG # 38386 | | Vol. IV No. 96 | August 30, 1851 | 145-167 | PG # 38405 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 97 | Sept. 6, 1851 | 169-183 | PG # 38433 | | Vol. IV No. 98 | Sept. 13, 1851 | 185-200 | PG # 38491 | | Vol. IV No. 99 | Sept. 20, 1851 | 201-216 | PG # 38574 | | Vol. IV No. 100 | Sept. 27, 1851 | 217-246 | PG # 38656 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 101 | Oct. 4, 1851 | 249-264 | PG # 38701 | | Vol. IV No. 102 | Oct. 11, 1851 | 265-287 | PG # 38773 | | Vol. IV No. 103 | Oct. 18, 1851 | 289-303 | PG # 38864 | | Vol. IV No. 104 | Oct. 25, 1851 | 305-333 | PG # 38926 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol. IV No. 105 | Nov. 1, 1851 | 337-358 | PG # 39076 | | Vol. IV No. 106 | Nov. 8, 1851 | 361-374 | PG # 39091 | | Vol. IV No. 107 | Nov. 15, 1851 | 377-396 | PG # 39135 | +-----------------+--------------------+---------+------------+ | Vol I. Index. [Nov. 1849-May 1850] | PG # 13536 | | INDEX TO THE SECOND VOLUME. MAY-DEC., 1850 | PG # 13571 | | INDEX TO THE THIRD VOLUME. JAN.-JUNE, 1851 | PG # 26770 | +------------------------------------------------+------------+ End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of Notes and Queries, Vol. IV, Number 108, November 22, 1851, by Various *** END OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK NOTES AND QUERIES, NOV 22, 1851 *** ***** This file should be named 39197-0.txt or 39197-0.zip ***** This and all associated files of various formats will be found in: http://www.gutenberg.org/3/9/1/9/39197/ Produced by Charlene Taylor, Jonathan Ingram and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Library of Early Journals.) Updated editions will replace the previous one--the old editions will be renamed. 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