A New Subspecies of Microtus montanus from Montana and Comments on Microtus canicaudus Miller

The Project Gutenberg EBook of A New Subspecies of Microtus montanus from Montana and Comments on Microtus canicaudus Miller, by E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. Kelson This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.org Title: A New Subspecies of Microtus montanus from Montana and Comments on Microtus canicaudus Miller Author: E. Raymond Hall Keith R. Kelson Release Date: May 18, 2009 [EBook #28864] Language: English Character set encoding: ASCII *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK A NEW SUBSPECIES OF MICROTUS *** Produced by Chris Curnow, Joseph Cooper, Greg Bergquist and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at https://www.pgdp.net A New Subspecies of Microtus montanus from Montana and Comments on Microtus canicaudus Miller BY E. RAYMOND HALL and KEITH R. KELSON University of Kansas Publications Museum of Natural History Volume 5, No. 7, pp. 73-79 October 1, 1951 University of Kansas LAWRENCE 1951 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, A. Byron Leonard, Edward H. Taylor, Robert W. Wilson Volume 5, No. 7, pp. 73-79 October 1, 1951 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS Lawrence, Kansas PRINTED BY FERD VOILAND, JR., STATE PRINTER TOPEKA, KANSAS 1951 23-7438 A New Subspecies of Microtus montanus from Montana and Comments on Microtus canicaudus Miller BY E. RAYMOND HALL AND KEITH R. KELSON In 1949, for the Museum of Natural History of the University of Kansas, Mr. John A. White collected two specimens of the species _Microtus montanus_ in the Bitterroot Valley of Montana, that did not fit the description of any named subspecies. These were laid aside until we could examine the additional specimens from Montana in the Biological Surveys collection in the United States National Museum, some of which previously had been reported by Bailey (N. Amer. Fauna, 17:31, June 6, 1900) under the name _Microtus nanus canescens_ Bailey [=_Microtus montanus canescens_]. Our examination reveals that the animals from the Bitterroot and Flathead valleys belong to an heretofore unrecognized subspecies which is named and described below. Microtus montanus pratincolus new subspecies _Type._--Female, adult, skull and skin, No. 34004, Univ. Kansas, Mus. Nat. Hist.; from 6 mi. E Hamilton, 3700 ft., Ravalli County, Montana; obtained on August 14, 1949, by John A. White; original number 477. _Geographic distribution._--Flathead and Bitterroot valleys of western Montana. _Diagnosis._--Size small for the species (see measurements). Color: Essentially as in _Microtus montanus nanus_. Skull: Small, slender, and comparatively smooth; rostrum moderately depressed distally; nasals moderately inflated distally and extending posteriorly not quite to tips of premaxillary tongues; nasals usually truncate posteriorly, but rounded in some individuals; premaxillary tongues terminating posteriorly in a short medial spine; zygomatic arches lightly constructed and usually more widely spreading posteriorly than anteriorly; interparietal comparatively long and terminating in a small, but distinct, medial spine, otherwise approximately rectangular in shape; exposed parts of upper incisors short and, for the species, only slightly procumbent; molar dentition weak and, in most specimens, especially so posteriorly; tympanic bullae large and well inflated, especially ventrolaterally; basioccipital narrow owing to the encroachment of the tympanic bullae. _Comparison._--Among named forms, _Microtus montanus pratincolus_ most closely resembles _Microtus montanus nanus_. The geographic range of _M. m. nanus_ adjoins that of _M. m. pratincolus_ on three sides; there is no conspecific subspecies adjoining the range of _M. m. pratincolus_ on the north. From _M. m. nanus_, _M. m. pratincolus_ differs as follows (measurements are all of males, those of _M. m. nanus_ being of nine topotypes and near topotypes from central Idaho): size smaller (149 mm. as opposed to 165), tail shorter (37 as opposed to 39), hind foot shorter (19 as opposed to 20), upper molar series shorter (expressed as a percentage of basilar length, 25.5 as opposed to 26.3), mastoidal region broader (expressed as a percentage of basilar length, 48.6 as opposed to 46.7), braincase slightly more vaulted (depth of braincase expressed as a percentage of basilar length, 31.3 as opposed to 30.4) and more inflated laterally; tympanic bullae more inflated, this inflation being the most conspicuous difference between the two subspecies. The tympanic bullae of _M. m. pratincolus_ have approximately a fourth more volume than those of _M. m. nanus_. _Remarks._--Northwardly in the Bitterroot Valley, specimens of _M. m. pratincolus_ morphologically approach _M. m. nanus_, especially in the reduced degree of inflation of the tympanic portion of the bullae. On geographic grounds we think that the geographic range of _M. m. pratincolus_ extends southward to the southern end of the Bitterroot Valley; we have not seen specimens from that area. Although we have not examined the specimen reported upon by Davis (Murrelet, 18:26, September 4, 1937) from Canyon Creek, "a few miles west of Hamilton", Montana, we think that it will be found to belong to _M. m. pratincolus_. Our examination of specimens from localities in Montana east of the range here ascribed to _M. m. pratincolus_ indicates that, among named kinds of _Microtus_, those specimens are best referred to _M. m. nanus_. These specimens are listed below under comparative materials. It should be mentioned here that although Bailey (_loc. cit._) applied the name _Microtus nanus canescens_ to Montanan specimens from Flathead Lake and Hot Springs Creek, the subspecies _M. montanus canescens_ now is thought to be restricted to Washington and the adjoining part of British Columbia; _M. m. canescens_ does not occur so far east as Montana. Grateful acknowledgment is made to those persons in charge of the Biological Surveys collection for permission to study the specimens in that collection, and to the Kansas Endowment Association for support of the field work which yielded the specimens from six miles east of Hamilton, Montana. The study here reported upon was aided also by a contract between the Office of Naval Research, Department of the Navy, and the University of Kansas (NR 161-791). _Measurements._--The following measurements in millimeters are those of the holotype and the average, maximum, and minimum, respectively, of eleven adult males from various places in the range of the subspecies. Except as noted below, we are unable to detect significant morphological differences in the populations sampled and believe that pooling of the measurements is justifiable in this case. Measurements are: Total length, 129, 149 (156-141); length of tail-vertebrae, 27, 37 (39-31); length of hind foot, 18, 19 (20-18) (all preceding measurements are those of the collectors); basilar length, 22.2, 24.5 (25.7-23.4); greatest length of nasals, 6.7, 6.9 (7.4-6.4); zygomatic breadth, 14.2, 14.6 (14.9-13.9); mastoidal breadth, 11.3, 11.8 (12.3-10.8); alveolar length of upper molar series, 6.0, 6.2 (6.5-5.9); depth of braincase (shortest distance from ventral surface of basioccipito-basisphenoidal suture to the dorsal surface of the cranium, and not perpendicular to the long axis of the skull), 7.7, 7.7 (7.9-7.5); width of rostrum, 4.7, 4.8 (5.0-4.6); interorbital breadth, 3.2, 3.4 (3.6-3.2). Measurements of females, other than those of the holotype, are not given owing to the lack of sufficient material. Females, however, do not appear to differ appreciably in measurements from males. _Specimens examined_ (in U.S. Nat. Mus., Biol. Surv. Coll., except as otherwise indicated).--Total, 26, all from Montana, as follows: _Sanders Co._: Hot-springs Cr., 4. _Lake Co._: end of W arm Flathead Lake, 5; Ravalli, 8. _Ravalli Co._: Florence, 2; 8 mi. NE Stevensville, 4000 ft., 1; Corvallis, 4; 6 mi. E Hamilton, 3700 ft., 2(K.U.). _Comparative materials_ (in U.S. Nat. Mus., Biol. Surv. Coll.).--_Microtus montanus nanus_: Total, 72, as follows: IDAHO: _Lewis Co._: Nez Perce, 3. _Idaho Co._: Seven Devils Mts., 3550 ft., 3. _Custer Co._: Challis, 7; Pahsimeroi Mts. (9300 ft., 8; 9700 ft., 4), 12. _Butte Co._: Lost River Mts., 1. _Canyon Co._: Nampa, 1; Bowmont, 1. _Ada Co._: Boise, 1. _Blaine Co._: Sawtooth Lake, 2; Alturas Lake, 3. _Owyhee Co._: Three Cr., 3. _Minidoka Co._: Heyburn, 2. _Bannock Co._: Pocatello, 4. _Bear Lake Co._: Montpelier Cr., 3. MONTANA: _Fergus Co._: Big Snowy Mts., 11. _Gallatin Co._: West Fork of West Fork, Gallatin River, 1. _Park Co._: Lamar River, 7000 ft., 2; Gardiner, 1. _Sweetgrass Co._: "near" head Big Timber Cr., Crazy Mts., 1; Big Timber Cr., 5200 ft., Crazy Mts., 1; 14 mi. S Big Timber, 1; West Boulder Cr., 18 mi. SE Livingston, 2; McLeod, 1. _Carbon Co._: Beartooth Mts., 2; Beartooth Lake, 1. WYOMING: _Park Co._: N end Lake, Yellowstone Nat'l Park, 2. Microtus montanus canicaudus Miller 1897. _Microtus canicaudus_ Miller, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:67, April 21, type from McCoy, Willamette Valley, Polk County, Oregon. In 1938 when one of us (Hall, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 51:131-134, August 23, 1938) arranged several nominal species of _Microtus_ as subspecies of the species _Microtus montanus_, _Microtus canicaudus_ was not included because that writer had not examined representative specimens. In the U.S. Biological Surveys collection in the U.S. National Museum we have examined specimens of _M. m. canicaudus_, all from Oregon, as follows: Hood River (Catalogue Nos. 262583-262586); Canby (262577, 262578); Wapinitia (79985-79988); Sheridan (69779, 69780); McCoy (75834-75842, 77744); Salem (246736); Albany (161554); and Corvallis (242552). The four specimens from Wapinitia seem to be those that Bailey (N. Amer. Fauna, 17:29, June 6, 1900) listed as _Microtus montanus_. The diagnostic characters mentioned by Miller in the original description (Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:67, April 21, 1897) included the following: size approximately the same as in _Microtus [montanus] nanus_; upper parts yellowish; tail usually nearly uniform grayish above and below; auditory bullae much inflated; lateral pits at posterior edge of bony palate unusually shallow. Because the tails of the original series were understuffed and variously rotated, they seemed to be less sharply bicolored than is the case, as shown by subsequently collected specimens. Otherwise we find that the characters mentioned above differentiate _canicaudus_ from its nearest relatives, _Microtus montanus canescens_ to the northward, _M. m. nanus_ to the eastward, and _M. m. montanus_ to the southward. In _canicaudus_ we have noted one additional differential character; the interpterygoid space is acuminate anteriorly. In this feature and in each of the other features mentioned above, intergradation with _Microtus montanus nanus_ is seen in the specimens from Hood River and Wapinitia. In the specimens from Hood River the auditory bullae are only slightly less inflated than in those topotypes of _canicaudus_ having the smallest bullae; there is appreciable variation in size of the bullae in the topotypes. Even so, the minimum size of bullae among the topotypes is larger than the maximum size in the specimens from Wapinitia. The four specimens from Wapinitia have the yellowish color of _canicaudus_ to a considerable degree, and show intergradation between _canicaudus_ and _nanus_ in depth of the palatal pits and shape of interpterygoid space. The slightly larger size of these specimens from Wapinitia suggests intergradation with _M. m. montanus_. The tympanic bullae in the specimens from Wapinitia seem to be smaller than in specimens of _canicaudus_, _nanus_, or _montanus_. Because of the intergradation described above between _Microtus montanus nanus_ and _M. canicaudus_, the latter should stand as _Microtus montanus canicaudus_. * * * * * Bailey (N. Amer. Fauna, 55:206, August 29, 1936) recorded _canicaudus_ from Warm Springs in the Deschutes Valley of Oregon and from the state of Washington. Other authors also have recorded _canicaudus_ from the state of Washington. Our examination of specimens leads us to conclude, as did Dalquest (Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 2:348, 349, April 9, 1948), that _canicaudus_ does not occur in Washington. The reported occurrence of _M. canicaudus_ at Warm Springs, Deschutes Valley, Oregon, seems to be the result of an error in identification. The specimens concerned seem to be two _Microtus longicaudus mordax_ (Nos. 207060 and 207082 U.S.N.M.). They are labeled as collected at "Warm Springs (Mill Cr.--20 Mi. W of)". Bailey's (_op. cit._, fig. 46, p. 209) map showing the distribution in Oregon of _Microtus mordax mordax_ [=_Microtus longicaudus mordax_] has a locality-dot at Warm Springs itself. Bailey seems to have erred; he should have placed this dot 20 miles farther west, we think. When preparing his map (_op. cit._, fig. 43, p. 205) showing the geographic distribution of _Microtus canicaudus_, Bailey seems to have misidentified these same two specimens as _M. canicaudus_, and for them placed a locality-dot on his map 20 miles east (instead of west) of Warm Springs. In brief, Bailey probably did not see any specimens of _canicaudus_ or specimens of any other subspecies of _Microtus montanus_ from Warm Springs. _Transmitted February 15, 1951._ 23-7438 End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A New Subspecies of Microtus montanus from Montana and Comments on Microtus canicaudus Miller, by E. Raymond Hall and Keith R. 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