A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus, From the Clarendonian, Pliocene, of Texas

*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30260 *** UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Volume 14, No. 10, pp. 135-138, 2 figs. April 30, 1962 A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus, From the Clarendonian, Pliocene, of Texas BY E. RAYMOND HALL and WALTER W. DALQUEST UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS LAWRENCE 1962 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS PUBLICATIONS, MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY Editors: E. Raymond Hall, Chairman, Henry S. Fitch, Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Volume 14, No. 10, pp. 135-138, 2 figs. Published April 30, 1962 UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS Lawrence, Kansas PRINTED BY JEAN M. NEIBARGER, STATE PRINTER TOPEKA, KANSAS 1962 29-2890 A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus, From the Clarendonian, Pliocene, of Texas BY E. RAYMOND HALL and WALTER W. DALQUEST A study of a right maxilla bearing P3-M1 and part of a right mandibular ramus bearing m2 (see figures) reveals the existence of an unnamed species of cynarctine carnivore. It may be known as: =Cynarctus fortidens= new species _Holotype._--Right maxilla bearing P3, P4, and M1, No. 11353 KU; bluff on west side of Turkey Creek, approximately 75 feet above stream, Raymond Farr Ranch, Center NE, NE, S. 48 Blk. C-3, E. L. and R. R. Ry. Co., Donley County, Texas [approximately 6.5 miles north and 1 mile east of Clarendon], Clarendon fauna, Early Pliocene age. Obtained by W. W. Dalquest, on June 25, 1960. _Referred material._--Fragment of right lower mandible bearing m2, No. 11354 KU (see fig. 2), found about two feet horizontally distant from the holotype in the same stratum as the holotype and on the same date by the same collector (a staff member of the Department of Biology of Midwestern University, Wichita Falls, Texas). [Illustration: FIG. 1. _Cynarctus fortidens_, No. 11353 KU (Midwestern Univ. No. 2044). Lateral view of holotype × 1, and occlusal view of check-teeth × 2.] [Illustration: FIG. 2. _Cynarctus fortidens_, No. 11354 KU (Midwestern Univ. No. 2045). Lateral view of right lower mandible and m2 × 1 and oblique occlusal view of m2 × 2.] _Diagnosis._--Size large (see measurements); no accessory cusp between protocone and paracone of fourth upper premolar; first upper molar longer than broad and lacking cingulum on part of tooth lingual to protocone. _Comparisons._--From _Cynarctus crucidens_ Barbour and Cook (see page 225 of Two New Fossil Dogs of the Genus Cynarctus from Nebraska. Nebraska Geol. Surv., 4(pt. 15):223-227, 1914; also pages 330 and 338 of Dental Morphologie of the Procyonidae with a Description of Cynarctoides, Gen. Nov. Geol. Ser. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., 6:323-339, 10 figs., October 31, 1938) _C. fortidens_ differs in lacking, instead of having, an accessory cusp between the protocone and paracone of the fourth upper premolar and in lacking, instead of having, a cingulum on the part of P4 that is internal (lingual) to the protocone. _Remarks._--The lower jaw and its second molar seem to be from an individual significantly larger than the holotype. Possibly the lower jaw and upper jaw are from two species but the lower jaw probably is from a male and the upper jaw from a female of the same species. Reasons for regarding _Cynarctus_ as belonging to the family Canidae instead of to the family Procyonidae have been stated recently in detail by E. C. Galbreath (Remarks on _Cynarctoides acridens_ from the Miocene of Colorado. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci., 59(3):373-378, 1 fig., October 31, 1956) and need not be repeated here. Although some uncertainty remains as to the familial position of _Cynarctus_, we favor Galbreath's view that the genus belongs in the family Canidae. The holotype of _Cynarctus crucidens_ is from Williams Canyon, Brown County, Nebraska. According to C. B. Schultz (_in litt._, December 6, 1961), Williams Canyon is a tributary of Plumb Creek; the upper part of the Valentine formation and the younger lower part of the Ash Hollow formation are exposed in Williams Canyon; which one of these formations yielded the holotype of _C. crucidens_ is unknown. On the basis of the correlation chart (Pl. 1 in Nomenclature and Correlation of the North American Continental Tertiary. Bull. Geol. Soc. Amer., 52(pt. 1):1-48, 1941) by H. E. Wood 2nd _et al._, _C. fortidens_ and _C. crucidens_ are equivalent in age or _C. fortidens_ is the younger. The rounded summits of the principal cusps of the teeth of _C. fortidens_ suggests that it was mainly frugivorous instead of carnivorous--more frugivorous by far than the living gray fox, _Urocyon cinereoargenteus_, that is known to eat substantial amounts of fruits and berries. Indeed, no other canid that we know of has teeth so much adapted to a frugivorous diet as are those of _C. fortidens_. Its degree of adaptation to a frugivorous diet is more than in the procyonid genus _Nasua_ but less than in the procyonid genus _Bassaricyon_. _Measurements_ (of crowns) of _C. fortidens_.--P3-M1, length, 25.8 (millimeters); P4-M1, 18.9; P3, length, 6.2; P3, breadth, 2.8; P4, length of outer border, 9.3; P4, breadth, 7.05; M1, length, 9.7; M1, breadth, 9.3; m2, length, 10.3; m2, breadth, 6.6; depth of mandible at posterior end of m2, 17; thickness of mandible, 7.1. _Transmitted February 21, 1962._ 29-2890 End of the Project Gutenberg EBook of A New Doglike Carnivore, Genus Cynarctus, From the Clarendonian, Pliocene, of Texas, by E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest *** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK 30260 ***